This paper aims to provide an understanding of what a phishing attack is, the types of phishing attacks and methods employed by cyber criminals. This journal will also provide an understanding on where phishing attacks are carried via various technologies and provide an understanding of working actively to detect and proactively to prevent. As we are continuously developing the technology the chance of cyber-attacks will proportionally increase. Consequently, this paper will help the readers understand what studies have been conducted, analyzed and results provided pinpointed the essence of phishing attacks.
Phishing is a way of stealing people's sensitive information such as username, password and banking details by disguising as a legitimate entity (i.e. email, website). Anti-phishing education considered to be vital in strengthening "human", the weakest link in information security. Previous research in anti-phishing education focuses on improving educational interventions to better interact the end user. However, one can argue that existing anti-phishing educational interventions are limited in success due to their outdated teaching content incorporated. Furthermore, teaching outdated anti-phi…
Phishing in mobile applications is a relevant threat with successful attacks reported in the wild. In such attacks, malicious mobile applications masquerade as legitimate ones to steal user credentials. In this paper we categorize application phishing attacks in mobile platforms and possible countermeasures. We show that personalized security indicators can help users to detect phishing attacks and have very little deployment cost. Personalized security indicators, however, rely on the user alertness to detect phishing attacks. Previous work in the context of website phishing has shown that us…
Every day, internet thieves employ new ways to obtain personal identity people and get access to their personal information. Phishing is a somehow complex method that has recently been considered by internet thieves.The present study aims to explain phishing, and why an organization should deal with it and its challenges of providing. In addition, different kinds of this attack and classification of security approaches for organizational and lay users are addressed in this article. Finally, the CERT strategy is presented to deal with phishing and studying some anti-phishing.
Though the rapid development and spread of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) making people's life much more easier, on the other hand it causing some serious threats to the society. Phishing is one of the most common cyber threat, that most users falls in. This research investigate on QR code based phishing attacks which is a newly adopted intrusive method and how to enhance the awareness and avoidance behavior of QR based phishing attacks through the user centric security education approaches using game based learning.
Internet technology is so pervasive today, for example, from online social networking to online banking, it has made people's lives more comfortable. Due the growth of Internet technology, security threats to systems and networks are relentlessly inventive. One such a serious threat is "phishing", in which, attackers attempt to steal the user's credentials using fake emails or websites or both. It is true that both industry and academia are working hard to develop solutions to combat against phishing threats. It is therefore very important that organisations to pay attention to end-user awaren…
Spam messes up users inbox, consumes resources and spread attacks like DDoS, MiM, phishing etc. Phishing is a byproduct of email and causes financial loss to users and loss of reputation to financial institutions. In this paper we examine the characteristics of phishing and technology used by Phishers. In order to counter anti-phishing technology, phishers change their mode of operation; therefore a continuous evaluation of phishing only helps us combat phisher effectiveness. In our study, we collected seven hundred thousand spam from a corporate server for a period of 13 months from February …
One of the biggest problems with the Internet technology is the unwanted spam emails. The well disguised phishing email comes in as part of the spam and makes its entry into the inbox quite frequently nowadays. While phishing is normally considered a consumer issue, the fraudulent tactics the phishers use are now intimidating the corporate sector as well. In this paper, we analyze the various aspects of phishing attacks and draw on some possible defenses as countermeasures. We initially address the different forms of phishing attacks in theory, and then look at some examples of attacks in prac…
Phishing is the combination of social engineering and technical exploits designed to convince a victim to provide personal information, usually for the monetary gain of the attacker. Phishing has become the most popular practice among the criminals of the Web. Phishing attacks are becoming more frequent and sophisticated. The impact of phishing is drastic and significant since it can involve the risk of identity theft and financial losses. Phishing scams have become a problem for online banking and e-commerce users. In this paper we propose a novel approach to detect phishing attacks. We imple…
In this paper we employ quantitative measurements of cognitive vulnerability triggers in phishing emails to predict the degree of success of an attack. To achieve this we rely on the cognitive psychology literature and develop an automated and fully quantitative method based on machine learning and econometrics to construct a triaging mechanism built around the cognitive features of a phishing email; we showcase our approach relying on data from the anti-phishing division of a large financial organization in Europe. Our evaluation shows empirically that an effective triaging mechanism for phis…
As the COVID-19 pandemic started triggering widespread lockdowns across the globe, cybercriminals did not hesitate to take advantage of users' increased usage of the Internet and their reliance on it. In this paper, we carry out a comprehensive measurement study of online social engineering attacks in the early months of the pandemic. By collecting, synthesizing, and analyzing DNS records, TLS certificates, phishing URLs, phishing website source code, phishing emails, web traffic to phishing websites, news articles, and government announcements, we track trends of phishing activity between Jan…
Phishing and spear-phishing are typical examples of masquerade attacks since trust is built up through impersonation for the attack to succeed. Given the prevalence of these attacks, considerable research has been conducted on these problems along multiple dimensions. We reexamine the existing research on phishing and spear-phishing from the perspective of the unique needs of the security domain, which we call security challenges: real-time detection, active attacker, dataset quality and base-rate fallacy. We explain these challenges and then survey the existing phishing/spear phishing solutio…
Phishing attacks trick victims into disclosing sensitive information. To counter rapidly evolving attacks, we must explore machine learning and deep learning models leveraging large-scale data. We discuss models built on different kinds of data, along with their advantages and disadvantages, and present multiple deployment options to detect phishing attacks.
Phishing is a type of social engineering attack with an intention to steal user data, including login credentials and credit card numbers, leading to financial losses for both organisations and individuals. It occurs when an attacker, pretending as a trusted entity, lure a victim into click on a link or attachment in an email, or in a text message. Phishing is often launched via email messages or text messages over social networks. Previous research has revealed that phishing attacks can be identified just by looking at URLs. Identifying the techniques which are used by phishers to mimic a phi…
In today's business environment, it is difficult to imagine a workplace without access to the web, yet a variety of email born viruses, spyware, adware, Trojan horses, phishing attacks, directory harvest attacks, DoS attacks, and other threats combine to attack businesses and customers. This paper is an attempt to review phishing - a constantly growing and evolving threat to Internet based commercial transactions. Various phishing approaches that include vishing, spear phishng, pharming, keyloggers, malware, web Trojans, and others will be discussed. This paper also highlights the latest phish…
The rapid evolution in mobile devices and communication technology has increased the number of mobile device users dramatically. The mobile device has replaced many other devices and is used to perform many tasks ranging from establishing a phone call to performing critical and sensitive tasks like money payments. Since the mobile device is accompanying a person most of his time, it is highly probably that it includes personal and sensitive data for that person. The increased use of mobile devices in daily life made mobile systems an excellent target for attacks. One of the most important atta…
Phishing is the number one threat in the world of internet. Phishing attacks are from decades and with each passing year it is becoming a major problem for internet users as attackers are coming with unique and creative ideas to breach the security. In this paper, different types of phishing and anti-phishing techniques are presented. For this purpose, the Systematic Literature Review(SLR) approach is followed to critically define the proposed research questions. At first 80 articles were extracted from different repositories. These articles were then filtered out using Tollgate Approach to fi…
Protecting and preventing sensitive data from being used inappropriately has become a challenging task. Even a small mistake in securing data can be exploited by phishing attacks to release private information such as passwords or financial information to a malicious actor. Phishing has now proven so successful; it is the number one attack vector. Many approaches have been proposed to protect against this type of cyber-attack, from additional staff training, enriched spam filters to large collaborative databases of known threats such as PhishTank and OpenPhish. However, they mostly rely upon a…
The mobile device is one of the fasted growing technologies that is widely used in a diversifying sector. Mobile devices are used for everyday life, such as personal information exchange - chatting, email, shopping, and mobile banking, contributing to information security threats. Users' behavior can influence information security threats. More research is needed to understand users' threat avoidance behavior and motivation. Using Technology threat avoidance theory (TTAT), this study assessed factors that influenced mobile device users' threat avoidance motivations and behaviors as it relates …
Phishing attacks are prevalent and humans are central to this online identity theft attack, which aims to steal victims' sensitive and personal information such as username, password, and online banking details. There are many anti-phishing tools developed to thwart against phishing attacks. Since humans are the weakest link in phishing, it is important to educate them to detect and avoid phishing attacks. One can argue self-efficacy is one of the most important determinants of individual's motivation in phishing threat avoidance behavior, which has co-relation with knowledge. The proposed res…
Today, two-factor authentication (2FA) is a widely implemented mechanism to counter phishing attacks. Although much effort has been investigated in 2FA, most 2FA systems are still vulnerable to carefully designed phishing attacks, and some even request special hardware, which limits their wide deployment. Recently, real-time phishing (RTP) has made the situation even worse because an adversary can effortlessly establish a phishing website replicating a target website without any background of the web page design technique. Traditional 2FA can be easily bypassed by such RTP attacks. In this wor…
Email is a channel of communication which is considered to be a confidential medium of communication for exchange of information among individuals and organisations. The confidentiality consideration about e-mail is no longer the case as attackers send malicious emails to users to deceive them into disclosing their private personal information such as username, password, and bank card details, etc. In search of a solution to combat phishing cybercrime attacks, different approaches have been developed. However, the traditional exiting solutions have been limited in assisting email users to iden…
Stevens Institute of Technology（史蒂文斯理工学院）；Rutgers University（罗格斯大学）；The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）；Singapore Management University（新加坡管理大学）
Phishing is a type of attack in which cyber criminals tricks the victims to steal their personal and financial data. It has become an organized criminal activity. Spoofed emails claiming to be from legitimate source are crafted in a way to lead victims to reveal their personal, financial data by misdirecting them to the counterfeit website. This research paper presents a novel approach to combat the Phishing attacks. An approach is proposed where user will retrieve the one time password by SMS or by alternate email address. After receiving the one time password the web server will create an en…
Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT)（银行技术发展研究院）；University of Hyderabad（海得拉巴大学）
Phishing is one of the most severe cyber-attacks where researchers are interested to find a solution. In phishing, attackers lure end-users and steal their personal in-formation. To minimize the damage caused by phishing must be detected as early as possible. There are various phishing attacks like spear phishing, whaling, vishing, smishing, pharming and so on. There are various phishing detection techniques based on white-list, black-list, content-based, URL-based, visual-similarity and machine-learning. In this paper, we discuss various kinds of phishing attacks, attack vectors and detection…
Phishing is a kind of attack in which criminals use spoofed emails and fraudulent web sites to trick financial organization and customers. Criminals try to lure online users by convincing them to reveal the username, passwords, credit card number and updating account information or fill billing information.
Most research into anti-phishing defence assumes that the mal-actor is attempting to harvest end-users' personally identifiable information or login credentials and, hence, focuses on detecting phishing websites. The defences for this type of attack are usually activated after the end-user clicks on a link, at which point the link is checked. This is known as after-the-click detection. However, more sophisticated phishing attacks (such as spear-phishing and whaling) are rarely designed to get the end-user to visit a website. Instead, they attempt to get the end-user to perform some other actio…
Security exploits can include cyber threats such as computer programs that can disturb the normal behavior of computer systems (viruses), unsolicited e-mail (spam), malicious software (malware), monitoring software (spyware), attempting to make computer resources unavailable to their intended users (Distributed Denial-of-Service or DDoS attack), the social engineering, and online identity theft (phishing). One such cyber threat, which is particularly dangerous to computer users is phishing. Phishing is well known as online identity theft, which targets to steal victims' sensitive information s…
We present the first large-scale characterization of lateral phishing attacks, based on a dataset of 113 million employee-sent emails from 92 enterprise organizations. In a lateral phishing attack, adversaries leverage a compromised enterprise account to send phishing emails to other users, benefitting from both the implicit trust and the information in the hijacked user's account. We develop a classifier that finds hundreds of real-world lateral phishing emails, while generating under four false positives per every one-million employee-sent emails. Drawing on the attacks we detect, as well as…
This project proposes a sensor-based visual agricultural monitoring system. Distinguished from traditional agricultural monitoring systems, this system further analyzes basic agricultural data and prevents and monitors common wireless network attacks such as Selective Forwarding, Black Hole Attacks, Sinkhole Attacks, Flooding Attacks and Misdirection Attacks. Experimental verification and evaluation of the attack prevention and monitoring are also conducted.
Phishing is an especially challenging cyber security threat as it does not attack computer systems, but targets the user who works on that system by relying on the vulnerability of their decision-making ability. Phishing attacks can be used to gather sensitive information from victims and can have devastating impact if they are successful in deceiving the user. Several anti-phishing tools have been designed and implemented but they have been unable to solve the problem adequately. This failure is often due to security experts overlooking the human element and ignoring their fallibility in maki…
The large-scale deployment of modern phishing attacks relies on the automatic exploitation of vulnerable websites in the wild, to maximize profit while hindering attack traceability, detection and blacklisting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that specifically leverages this adversarial behavior for detection purposes. We show that phishing webpages can be accurately detected by highlighting HTML code and visual differences with respect to other (legitimate) pages hosted within a compromised website. Our system, named DeltaPhish, can be installed as part of a web applicati…
University of North Dakota（北达科他大学）；University of North Carolina at Charlotte（北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校）
Phishing attacks are one of the most common social engineering attacks targeting users emails to fraudulently steal confidential and sensitive information. They can be used as a part of more massive attacks launched to gain a foothold in corporate or government networks. Over the last decade, a number of anti-phishing techniques have been proposed to detect and mitigate these attacks. However, they are still inefficient and inaccurate. Thus, there is a great need for efficient and accurate detection techniques to cope with these attacks. In this paper, we proposed a phishing attack detection t…
Web-based phishing attacks nowadays exploit popular cloud web hosting services and apps such as Google Sites and Typeform for hosting their attacks. Since these attacks originate from reputable domains and IP addresses of the cloud services, traditional phishing detection methods such as IP reputation monitoring and blacklisting are not very effective. Here we investigate the effectiveness of deep learning models in detecting this class of cloud-based phishing attacks. Specifically, we evaluate deep learning models for three phishing detection methods--LSTM model for URL analysis, YOLOv2 model…
