超导涡旋系统中的堵塞、脆弱性与钉扎现象
Jamming, Fragility and Pinning Phenomena in Superconducting Vortex Systems
AI总结：
本文通过垂直驱动脉冲研究超导涡旋系统，发现弹性、脆弱、堵塞和钉扎四种相，并揭示记忆效应源于弹性与钉扎组分的共存。
摘要：
我们研究了受驱动的超导涡旋与淬火无序的相互作用，并通过施加一系列相互垂直的驱动脉冲来测量记忆效应。根据无序强度的不同，我们发现了四种行为类型：弹性响应、脆弱相、堵塞相和钉扎主导区。这些相可以通过是否存在不同类型的记忆效应来区分。脆弱态和堵塞态表现出记忆效应，而弹性区和钉扎主导区则没有。在脆弱区，系统在第一个驱动脉冲期间组织成钉扎态，在垂直于第一个方向的第二个驱动脉冲期间流动，然后在与第一个脉冲方向相同的第三个驱动脉冲期间回到钉扎态。这种行为是Cates等人[Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1841 (1998)]提出的颗粒物质中堵塞的脆弱性标志。对于更强的无序，我们观察到一种稳健的堵塞态，其中仍然存在记忆效应，但系统在垂直驱动脉冲期间达到钉扎或减流状态，类似于颗粒系统在剪切堵塞中出现的现象。我们表明，不同的状态在空间涡旋构型中产生特征信号，记忆效应源于涡旋集合中弹性组分和钉扎组分的共存。我们提出的用于区分脆弱、堵塞和钉扎相的连续垂直驱动协议，应适用于更广泛的受驱动相互作用粒子在淬火无序存在下的情况。
英文摘要：
We examine driven superconducting vortices interacting with quenched disorder where we measure the memory effects under a sequence of drive pulses applied perpendicular to each other. As a function of disorder strength, we find four types of behavior: an elastic response, a fragile phase, a jammed phase, and a pinning dominated regime. These phases can be distinguished by the presence or absence of different types of memory effects. The fragile and jammed states exhibit memory, while the elastic and pinning dominated regimes do not. In the fragile regime, the system organizes into a pinned state during the first drive pulse, flows during the second drive pulse which is applied in the perpendicular direction, and then returns to a pinned state during the third drive pulse which is applied in the same direction as the first pulse. This behavior is the hallmark of fragility that has been proposed for jamming in particulate matter by Cates et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1841 (1998)]. For stronger disorder, we observe a robust jamming state in which a memory effect is still present but the system reaches a pinned or reduced flow state during the perpendicular drive pulse, similar to what appears in granular systems under shear jamming. We show that the different states produce signatures in the spatial vortex configurations, with memory effects arising from the coexistence of an elastic component and a pinned component in the vortex assembly. The sequential perpendicular driving protocol we propose for distinguishing fragile, jammed, and pinned phases should be general to the broader class of driven interacting particles in the presence of quenched disorder.
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