Status of the PANDA Barrel DIRC

Particle Identification with DIRCs at PANDA

The DIRC technology (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) offers an excellent possibility to minimize the form factor of Cherenkov detectors in hermetic high energy detectors. The PANDA experiment at FAIR in Germany will combine a barrel-shaped DIRC with a disc-shaped DIRC to cover an angular range of 5 to 140 degrees. Particle identification for pions and kaons with a separation power of 3 standard deviations or more will be provided for momenta between 0.5 GeV/c and 3.5 GeV/c in the barrel region and up to 4 GeV/c in the forward region. Even though the concept is simple, the de…

Time imaging reconstruction for the PANDA Barrel DIRC

The innovative Barrel DIRC (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) counter will provide hadronic particle identification (PID) in the central region of the PANDA experiment at the new Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), Darmstadt, Germany. This detector is designed to separate charged pions and kaons with at least 3 standard deviations for momenta up to 3.5 GeV/c, covering the polar angle range of 22$^{\circ}$-140$^{\circ}$. An array of microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes is used to detect the location and arrival time of the Cherenkov photons with a position reso…

The Innovative Design of the Endcap Disc DIRC Detector for PANDA at FAIR

The key component of the future PANDA experiment at FAIR is a fixed-target detector for collisions of antiprotons with a proton target up to a beam momentum of 15 GeV/c and is designed to address a large number of open questions in the hadron physics sector. In order to guarantee an excellent PID for charged hadrons in the polar angle range between $5^\circ$ and $22^\circ$, a new type of Cherenkov detector called Endcap Disc DIRC (EDD) has been developed for the forward endcap of the PANDA target spectrometer. The desired separation power of at least 3 s.d. for the separation of $π^\pm$ and $K…

The Barrel DIRC detector of PANDA

The PANDA experiment is one of the four large experiments being built at FAIR in Darmstadt. It will use a cooled antiproton beam on a fixed target within the momentum range of 1.5 to 15 GeV/c to address questions of strong QCD, where the coupling constant $α_s \gtrsim 0.3$. The luminosity of up to $2 \cdot 10^{32} cm^{-2}s^{-1}$ and the momentum resolution of the antiproton beam down to \mbox{$Δ$p/p = 4$\cdot10^{-5}$} allows for high precision spectroscopy, especially for rare reaction processes. Above the production threshold for open charm mesons the production of kaons plays an important ro…

The Innovative Design of the PANDA Barrel DIRC

The Barrel DIRC of the PANDA experiment at FAIR will cleanly separate pions from kaons for the physics program of PANDA. Innovative solutions for key components of the detector sitting in the strong magnetic field of the compact PANDA target spectrometer as well as two reconstruction methods were developed in an extensive prototype program. The technical design and present results from the test beam campaigns at the CERN PS in 2017 and 2018 are discussed.

PANDA桶部DIRC探测器

The PANDA Barrel DIRC

本文介绍PANDA实验中用于带电粒子鉴别的桶部DIRC探测器，涵盖其熔融石英辐射条、球面透镜聚焦系统和MCP-PMT阵列设计，并通过模拟与束流测试验证性能，项目已进入部件制造阶段。

PANDA Barrel DIRC: From Design to Component Production

Excellent particle identification (PID) will be essential for the PANDA experiment at FAIR. The Barrel DIRC will separate kaons and pions with at least 3 s.d. for momenta up to 3.5 GeV/c and polar angles between 22 and 140 deg. After successful validation of the final design in the CERN PS/T9 beam line, the tendering process for the two most time- and cost-intensive items, radiator bars and MCP-PMTs, started in 2018. In Sep. 2019 Nikon was selected to build the fused silica bars and successfully completed the series production of 112 bars in Feb. 2021. Measurements of the mechanical quality of…

用于FAIR上PANDA DIRC探测器的最新微通道板光电倍增管性能

Performance of the most recent Microchannel-Plate PMTs for the PANDA DIRC detectors at FAIR

本文评估了用于PANDA DIRC探测器的最新MCP-PMT性能，包括收集效率、量子效率、增益均匀性、磁场影响及时间分辨率等参数，并发现Photonis最新一代产品存在自发光子的级联效应。

Barrel time-of-flight detector for the PANDA experiment at FAIR

The barrel time-of-flight detector for the PANDA experiment at FAIR is foreseen as a Scintillator Tile (SciTil) Hodoscope based on several thousand small plastic scintillator tiles read-out with directly attached Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). The main tasks of the system are an accurate determination of the time origin of particle tracks to avoid event mixing at high collission rates, relative time-of-flight measurements as well as particle identification in the low momentum regime. The main requirements are the use of a minimum material amount and a time resolution of $σ< 100\,\mathrm{ps}…

Design and performance of the Focusing DIRC detector

We present the final results from a novel Cherenkov imaging detector called the Focusing DIRC (FDIRC). This detector was designed as a full-scale prototype of the particle identification system for the SuperB experiment [1], and comprises 1/12 of the SuperB barrel azimuthal coverage, with partial photodetector and electronics implementation. The prototype was tested in the SLAC Cosmic Ray Telescope which provided 3-D tracking of cosmic muons with an angular resolution of ~1.5 mrad, a position resolution of 4-5 mm, a start time resolution of 70 ps, and muon tracks above ~2 GeV tagged using an i…

Technical Design Report for the PANDA Endcap Disc DIRC

PANDA (anti-Proton ANnihiliation at DArmstadt) is planned to be one of the four main experiments at the future international accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) in Darmstadt, Germany. It is going to address fundamental questions of hadron physics and quantum chromodynamics using cooled antiproton beams with a high intensity and and momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c. PANDA is designed to reach a maximum luminosity of 2x10^32 cm^2 s. Most of the physics programs require an excellent particle identification (PID). The PID of hadronic states at the forward endcap of …

The TOP counter of Belle II: status and first results

High-efficiency and high-purity particle identification are fundamental requirements for the success of the Belle II experiment, whose main goal is to explore the new-physics scenarios in the CP-violating decays of the B mesons. To achieve the required particle identification performances, the Time-of-propagation counter has been installed in the central barrel region. This unique device consists in 16 bars of fused silica that act simultaneously as radiator and as light guide for the Cerenkov light. Unlike in the DIRC detectors, the PID information is mostly extracted measuring the time of pr…

最新型微通道板光电倍增管的寿命与性能

Lifetime and performance of the very latest microchannel-plate photomultipliers

本文研究 PANDA 实验中 DIRC 探测器所需的最新型 ALD 镀膜 MCP-PMT，在磁场内评估 Photonis 和 Photek 器件的收集效率、量子效率、暗计数率、后脉冲概率及时间分辨率等关键性能。