arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2004.00355astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HEphysics.space-ph
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产生太阳伽玛射线的相对论质子日冕Shock Wave起源的证据和在地球上用中子散射观测的

Evidence for a Coronal Shock Wave Origin for Relativistic Protons Producing Solar Gamma-Rays and Observed by Neutron Monitors at Earth

Athanasios Kouloumvakos, Alexis P. Rouillard, Gerald H. Share, Illya Plotnikov, Ronald Murphy, Athanasios Papaioannou, Yihong Wu

摘要:

我们研究了2017年9月10日的太阳爆发事件,该事件产生了持久的$>$ 100 MeV $γ$射线发射和地面水平增强(GLE 72)。高能离子产生晚相伽玛射线发射(LPGRE)的起源仍然是一个悬而未决的问题,但一个可能的解释是质子加速在日冕冲击产生的日冕物质抛射。我们研究了一个共同的冲击加速度的LPGRE和GLE 72的起源。费米大天区望远镜观测到的$γ$射线辐射呈现出一个弱脉冲相,与硬X射线和$γ$射线线耀斑辐射中观测到的相一致,并且似乎是LPGRE的两个不同阶段。从冲击波的详细建模,我们得到的三维分布和时间演化的冲击参数,我们研究的冲击波磁连接与可见的太阳盘。激波参数在返回到可见圆盘的磁力线上的演化反映了LPGRE的两个阶段。我们发现$>$ 100 MeV的$γ$射线的时间历史和一个基本的冲击加速模型产生的时间历史之间的良好协议。如果我们在GLE 72的第一个小时内包括30%的耀斑加速质子的贡献,则磁映射到地球的冲击参数的时间历史与史密斯堡中子监测器在GLE 72的第一个小时内观察到的速率一致,其释放时间遵循核$γ$ -射线的时间历史。我们的分析提供了令人信服的证据,一个共同的冲击起源的质子产生的LPGRE和大多数粒子中观察到的GLE 72。

英文摘要:

We study the solar eruptive event on 2017 September 10 that produced long-lasting $>$100 MeV $γ$-ray emission and a ground level enhancement (GLE72). The origin of the high-energy ions producing late-phase gamma-ray emission (LPGRE) is still an open question, but a possible explanation is proton acceleration at coronal shocks produced by coronal mass ejections. We examine a common shock acceleration origin for both the LPGRE and GLE72. The $γ$-ray emission observed by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope exhibits a weak impulsive phase, consistent with that observed in hard X-and $γ$-ray line flare emissions, and what appear to be two distinct stages of LPGRE. From a detailed modeling of the shock wave, we derive the 3D distribution and temporal evolution of the shock parameters, and we examine the shock wave magnetic connection with the visible solar disk. The evolution of shock parameters on field lines returning to the visible disk, mirrors the two stages of LPGRE. We find good agreement between the time history of $>$100 MeV $γ$-rays and one produced by a basic shock acceleration model. The time history of shock parameters magnetically mapped to Earth agrees with the rates observed by the Fort Smith neutron monitor during the first hour of the GLE72 if we include a 30% contribution of flare-accelerated protons during the first 10 minutes, having a release time following the time history of nuclear $γ$-rays. Our analysis provides compelling evidence for a common shock origin for protons producing the LPGRE and most of the particles observed in GLE72.

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