With the adoption of Semantic Web technologies, an increasing number of vocabularies and ontologies have been developed in different domains, ranging from Biology to Agronomy or Geosciences. However, many of these ontologies are still difficult to find, access and understand by researchers due to a lack of documentation, URI resolving issues, versioning problems, etc. In this chapter we describe guidelines and best practices for creating accessible, understandable and reusable ontologies on the Web, using standard practices and pointing to existing tools and frameworks developed by the Semantic Web community. We illustrate our guidelines with concrete examples, in order to help researchers implement these practices in their future vocabularies.
Ontologies for increasing the FAIRness of plant research data
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH(于利希研究中心);Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC)(生物经济科学中心);CEPLAS(植物科学卓越集群);Bioversity International(生物多样性国际);Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf(杜塞尔多夫海因里希海涅大学);University of Cologne(科隆大学);Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry(莱布尼茨植物生物化学研究所);German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)(德国综合生物多样性研究中心)
Ontologizing Health Systems Data at Scale: Making Translational Discovery a Reality
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus(科罗拉多大学安舒茨医学校区);Columbia University Irving Medical Center(哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心);National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health(美国国立卫生研究院国家人类基因组研究所);Georgia State University(佐治亚州立大学);University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine(匹兹堡大学医学院);Università degli Studi di Milano(米兰大学);Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室);The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine(杰克逊基因组医学实验室);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine(科罗拉多大学安舒茨医学院);Semanticly(Semanticly公司);Yale School of Medicine(耶鲁大学医学院);HealthLinc(HealthLinc健康中心);University of Pittsburgh(匹兹堡大学);Tufts University(塔夫茨大学);Sema4(Sema4公司);Janssen Research and Development(杨森研发)
Ontologies in CLARIAH: Towards Interoperability in History, Language and Media
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹自由大学);International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam(国际社会史研究所);KNAW Humanities Cluster, DHLab, Amsterdam(荷兰皇家艺术与科学学院人文集群数字人文实验室);University of Stirling, Stirling(斯特灵大学);Utrecht University, Utrecht(乌得勒支大学);Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, Hilversum(荷兰声音与视觉研究所)
Ontologies for Models and Algorithms in Applied Mathematics and Related Disciplines
University of Stuttgart(斯图加特大学);University of Münster(明斯特大学);Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics(弗劳恩霍夫工业数学研究所);Zuse Institute Berlin(柏林祖斯研究所);Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics(魏尔斯特拉斯应用分析与随机学研究所);University Library, University of Stuttgart(斯图加特大学图书馆);Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science (SC SimTech), University of Stuttgart(斯图加特大学斯图加特模拟科学中心)
终身学习者必须认识到随着时间的推移而演变的概念词汇。一个常见但未充分探索的场景是使用不断改进/扩展旧类的类标签进行学习。例如,人类在狗繁殖之前就学会了识别${\tt dog}$。在实际环境中,数据集$\textit{versioning}$经常引入对本体的细化,例如,随着自主操作扩展到新的城市,自主车辆基准将先前的${\tt vehicle}$类细化为${\tt school-bus}$。本文形式化了一个研究$\textit{Learning with Evolving Class Ontology}$(LECO)问题的协议。LECO需要在不同的时间段(TP)中学习分类器;每个TP引入新的“精细”标签本体,其细化旧的“粗略”标签本体(例如,改进先前${\tt dog}$的狗品种)。LECO探索了诸如是否注释新数据或重新标记旧数据、如何利用粗糙标签以及是否微调先前TP的模型或从头开始训练等问题。为了回答这些问题,我们利用相关问题的见解,如类增量学习。我们通过图像分类(CIFAR和iNaturalist)和语义分割(Mapillary)的镜头在LECO协议下验证它们。我们的实验得出了令人惊讶的结论;虽然目前的现状是用新的本体(如COCO到LVIS或Mapillary1.2到2.0)重新标记现有的数据集,但LECO证明了一个更好的策略是用新的本体注释$\textit{new}$数据。然而…
Towards a Knowledge Graph for Models and Algorithms in Applied Mathematics
University of Stuttgart(斯图加特大学);University of Münster(明斯特大学);Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics(魏尔斯特拉斯应用分析与随机学研究所);Zuse Institute Berlin(柏林朱利叶斯·普朗克计算机科学研究所);Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics(弗劳恩霍夫工业数学研究所)
A semantic approach to mapping the Provenance Ontology to Basic Formal Ontology
National Center for Ontological Research(国家本体论研究中心);Conceptual Systems(概念系统公司);University at Buffalo(布法罗大学);Summit Knowledge Solutions(顶峰知识解决方案公司);University of Vienna(维也纳大学);Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science(人工智能与数据科学研究所)
Towards FAIR protocols and workflows: The OpenPREDICT case study
Institute of Data Science, Maastricht University(马斯特里赫特大学数据科学学院);VU University Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹自由大学);Pharmacology & Personalised Medicine, Maastricht University(马斯特里赫特大学药理学与个性化医学学院);Stanford University(斯坦福大学);Netherlands eScience Center(荷兰eScience中心)
Autonomous FAIR Digital Objects: From Passive Assertions to Active Knowledge
Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology FIT(弗劳恩霍夫应用信息技术研究所);University Hospital Cologne UKK(科隆大学医院UKK);University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne(科隆大学医学院及科隆大学医院);School of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University(苏州大学未来科学与工程学院);RWTH Aachen University(亚琛工业大学)
Knowledge Graph Re-engineering Along the Ontological Continuum (extended version)
The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom(开放大学);School of Computer Science and Informatics, University of Liverpool, UK(利兹大学计算机科学与信息学学院)
Knowledge Graphs Evolution and Preservation -- A Technical Report from ISWS 2019
ISTC-CNR(意大利国家研究委员会认知科学与技术研究所);FIZ Karlsruhe(卡尔斯鲁厄专业信息中心);University of Bari(巴里大学);Cefriel(切夫里尔研究中心);Open University(开放大学);Maastricht University(马斯特里赫特大学);KNAW Humanities Cluster(荷兰皇家艺术与科学院人文集群);University of Mannheim(曼海姆大学);Vienna University of Economics and Business(维也纳经济大学);TU Dresden(德累斯顿工业大学);INRIA(法国国家信息与自动化研究所);The University of Southampton(南安普顿大学);University of Genoa(热那亚大学);University of Torino(都灵大学);CELI - Language Technology(CELI语言技术公司);Free University of Bozen-Bolzano(博尔扎诺自由大学);GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences(GESIS莱布尼茨社会科学研究所);University of California, Santa Barbara(加州大学圣巴巴拉分校);Linköping University(林雪平大学);Eurecom(欧洲通信研究院);University of Bologna(博洛尼亚大学);Ghent University(根特大学);imec(比利时微电子研究中心);Institute of Data Science, Maastricht University(马斯特里赫特大学数据科学研究所);Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(马德里理工大学);University of Sheffield(谢菲尔德大学);University of Chile(智利大学);University of Bergen(卑尔根大学);University of Huddersfield(哈德斯菲尔德大学)