强子超临界的路线图：高能天体物理源参数空间的综合研究
A roadmap to hadronic supercriticalities: a comprehensive study of the parameter space for high-energy astrophysical sources
摘要：
强子超临界是辐射不稳定性，当大量能量储存在相对论质子中时出现。当质子能量密度超过某个临界值时，开始失控过程，导致质子能量爆炸性地转移到电子-正电子对和辐射中。逃逸也导致辐射效率的增加，即光子亮度与注入质子亮度的比值。我们进行了一个全面的研究参数空间，通过调查的发病强子超临界的广泛的源参数（即，磁场强度为1 G $- 100$ kG，半径为$10^{11}$ cm $-10^{16}$ cm）和最大质子洛伦兹因子（$10^3-10^9$）。我们表明，超临界是可能的整个范围内的源参数相关的紧凑的天体物理源，如伽马射线爆发，核心和活动星系核的射流。我们还提供了一个深入的研究强子超临界的物理机制，并表明磁化相对论等离子体是高能天体物理学中的非线性动力系统的很好的例子。
英文摘要：
Hadronic supercriticalities are radiative instabilities that appear when large amounts of energy are stored in relativistic protons. When the proton energy density exceeds some critical value, a runaway process is initiated resulting in the explosive transfer of the proton energy into electron-positron pairs and radiation. The runaway also leads to an increase of the radiative efficiency, namely the ratio of the photon luminosity to the injected proton luminosity. We perform a comprehensive study of the parameter space by investigating the onset of hadronic supercriticalities for a wide range of source parameters (i.e., magnetic field strengths of 1 G$- 100$ kG and radii of $10^{11}$ cm$-10^{16}$ cm) and maximum proton Lorentz factors ($10^3-10^9$). We show that supercriticalities are possible for the whole range of source parameters related to compact astrophysical sources, like gamma-rays bursts, cores and jets of active galactic nuclei. We also provide an in-depth look at the physical mechanisms of hadronic supercriticalities and show that magnetized relativistic plasmas are excellent examples of non-linear dynamical systems in high-energy astrophysics.
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