This paper studies the virtual $χ_{-y}$-genera of Grothendieck's Quot schemes on surfaces, thus refining the calculations of the virtual Euler characteristics by Oprea-Pandharipande. We first prove a structural result expressing the equivariant virtual $χ_{-y}$-genera of Quot schemes universally in terms of the Seiberg-Witten invariants. The formula is simpler for curve classes of Seiberg-Witten length $N$, which are defined in the paper. By way of application, we give complete answers in the following cases: (i) arbitrary surfaces for the zero curve class, (ii) relatively minimal elliptic surfaces for rational multiples of the fiber class, (iii) minimal surfaces of general type with $p_g>0$ for any curve classes. Furthermore, a blow up formula is obtained for curve classes of Seiberg-Witten length $N$. As a result of these calculations, we prove that the generating series of the virtual $χ_{-y}$-genera are given by rational functions for all surfaces with $p_g>0$, addressing a conjecture of Oprea-Pandharipande. In addition, we study the reduced $χ_{-y}$-genera for $K3$ surfaces and primitive curve classes with connections to the Kawai-Yoshioka formula.
We construct a virtual fundamental class on the Quot scheme parametrizing quotients of a trivial bundle on a curve. We use the virtual localization formula to calculate virtual intersection numbers on Quot. As a consequence, we reprove the Vafa-Intriligator formula; our answer is valid even when the Quot scheme is badly behaved. More intersections are computed by the same method. Finally, we present an application to the non-vanishing of the Pontrjagin ring of the moduli space of bundles.
For a simple, rigid vector bundle $F$ on a Calabi-Yau $3$-fold $Y$, we construct a symmetric obstruction theory on the Quot scheme $\textrm{Quot}_Y(F,n)$, and we solve the associated enumerative theory. We discuss the case of other $3$-folds. Exploiting the critical structure on $\textrm{Quot}_{\mathbb A^3}(\mathscr O^r,n)$, we construct a virtual motive (in the sense of Behrend-Bryan-Szendrői) for $\textrm{Quot}_Y(F,n)$ for an arbitrary vector bundle $F$ on a smooth $3$-fold $Y$. We compute the associated motivic partition function. We obtain new examples of higher rank (motivic) Donaldson-Th…
We study virtual invariants of Quot schemes parametrizing quotients of dimension at most 1 of the trivial sheaf of rank N on nonsingular projective surfaces. We conjecture that the generating series of virtual K-theoretic invariants are given by rational functions. We prove rationality for several geometries including punctual quotients for all smooth projective surfaces and dimension 1 quotients for surfaces X with p_g>0. We also show that the generating series of virtual cobordism classes can be irrational. Given a K-theory class on X of rank r, we associate natural series of virtual Segre a…
Isotropic Quot schemes parameterize rank $r$ isotropic subsheaves of a vector bundle equipped with symplectic or symmetric quadratic form. We define a virtual fundamental class for isotropic Quot schemes over smooth projective curves. Using torus localization, we prescribe a way to calculate top intersection numbers of tautological classes, and obtain explicit formulas when $r=2$. These include and generalize the Vafa-Intriligator formula. In this setting, we compare the Quot scheme invariants with the invariants obtained via the stable map compactification.
We compute tautological integrals over Quot schemes on curves and surfaces. After obtaining several explicit formulas over Quot schemes of dimension 0 quotients on curves (and finding a new symmetry), we apply the results to tautological integrals against the virtual fundamental classes of Quot schemes of dimension 0 and 1 quotients on surfaces (using also universality, torus localization, and cosection localization). The virtual Euler characteristics of Quot schemes of surfaces, a new theory parallel to the Vafa-Witten Euler characteristics of the moduli of bundles, is defined and studied. Co…
Let $\mathcal{E}$ be a locally free sheaf of rank $r$ on a smooth projective surface $S$. The Quot scheme $\mathrm{Quot}^{l}_{S}(\mathcal{E})$ of length $l$ coherent sheaf quotients of $\mathcal{E}$ is a natural higher rank generalization of the Hilbert scheme of $l$ points of $S$. We study the virtual intersection theory of this scheme. If $C\subset S$ is a smooth canonical curve, we use cosection localization to show that the virtual fundamental class of $\mathrm{Quot}^{l}_{S}(\mathcal{E})$ is $(-1)^{l}$ times the fundamental class of the smooth subscheme $\mathrm{Quot}^{l}_{C}(\mathcal{E}\v…
We show that the Quot scheme $\text{Quot}_{\mathbf{A}^3}(\mathcal{O}^r,n)$ admits a symmetric obstruction theory, and we compute its virtual Euler characteristic. We extend the calculation to locally free sheaves on smooth $3$-folds, thus refining a special case of a recent Euler characteristic calculation of Gholampour-Kool. We then extend Toda's higher rank DT/PT correspondence on Calabi-Yau $3$-folds to a local version centered at a fixed slope stable sheaf. This generalises (and refines) the local DT/PT correspondence around the cycle of a Cohen-Macaulay curve. Our approach clarifies the r…
Quot schemes of quotients of a trivial bundle of arbitrary rank on a nonsingular projective surface X carry perfect obstruction theories and virtual fundamental classes whenever the quotient sheaf has at most 1-dimensional support. The associated generating series of virtual Euler characteristics was conjectured to be a rational function when X is simply connected. We conjecture here the rationality of more general descendent series with insertions obtained from the Chern characters of the tautological sheaf. We prove the rationality of descendent series in Hilbert scheme cases for all curve c…
We study Quot schemes of vector bundles on algebraic curves. Marian and Oprea gave a description of a topological quantum field theory (TQFT) studied by Witten in terms of intersection numbers on Quot schemes of trivial bundles. Since these Quot schemes can have the wrong dimension, virtual classes are required. But Quot schemes of general vector bundles always have the right dimension. Using the degree of the general vector bundle as an additional parameter, we construct a weighted TQFT containing both Witten's TQFT and the small quantum cohomology TQFT of the Grassmannian. This weighted TQFT…
In this manuscript we investigate the analouge of the Brill-Noether problem for smooth curves in the case of normal surface singularities. We determine the maximal possible value of $h^1$ of line bundles without fixed components in the Picard group $\pic^{l'}(\tX)$ in the following cases: for some special Chern classes $l'$ if $\tX$ is a resolution of a splice quotient singularity $(X, 0)$ and for arbitrary Chern classes in the case of weighted homogenous singularities. Motivated by this problem, we define the \emph{virtual cohomology numbers} $h^1_{virt}(l')$ for all Chern classes $l'$ such t…
Let $E$ be a rank 2, degree $d$ vector bundle over a genus $g$ curve $C$. The loci of stable pairs on $E$ in class $2[C]$ fixed by the scaling action are expressed as products of $\Quot$ schemes. Using virtual localization, the stable pairs invariants of $E$ are related to the virtual intersection theory of $\Quot E$. The latter theory is extensively discussed for an $E$ of arbitrary rank; the tautological ring of $\Quot E$ is defined and is computed on the locus parameterizing rank one subsheaves. In case $E$ has rank 2, $d$ and $g$ have opposite parity, and $E$ is sufficiently generic, it is…
We prove a formula for Chow groups of $Quot$-schemes which resolve degeneracy loci of a map between vector bundles, under expected dimension conditions. This result provides a unified way to understand known formulae for various geometric situations such as blowups, Cayley's trick, projectivizations, Grassmannian bundles, flops from Springer type resolutions, as well as provide new phenomena such as formulae for Grassmannain type flips/flops and virtual flips. We also give applications to blowups of determinantal ideals, moduli spaces of linear series on curves, and Hilbert schemes of points o…
We show that the Quot scheme $Q_L^n = \textrm{Quot}_{\mathbb A^3}(\mathscr I_L,n)$ parameterising length $n$ quotients of the ideal sheaf of a line in $\mathbb{A}^3$ is a global critical locus, and calculate the resulting motivic partition function (varying $n$), in the ring of relative motives over the configuration space of points in $\mathbb{A}^3$. As in the work of Behrend-Bryan-Szendrői this enables us to define a virtual motive for the Quot scheme of $n$ points of the ideal sheaf $\mathscr I_C\subset \mathscr O_Y$, where $C\subset Y$ is a smooth curve embedded in a smooth 3-fold $Y$, and…
We prove a closed formula for the integrals of the top Segre classes of tautological bundles over the Hilbert schemes of points of a K3 surface X. We derive relations among the Segre classes via equivariant localization of the virtual fundamental classes of Quot schemes on X. The resulting recursions are then solved explicitly. The formula proves the K-trivial case of a conjecture of M. Lehn from 1999. The relations determining the Segre classes fit into a much wider theory. By localizing the virtual classes of certain relative Quot schemes on surfaces, we obtain new systems of relations among…
We study punctual quot-schemes of torsion-free sheaves $E_Y$ on smooth projective curves, surfaces and Calabi--Yau fourfolds via their virtual geometry. Our goal is to give a complete description of the virtual fundamental classes and their tautological integrals. In the fourfold case, we first construct these classes under additional conditions. We use novel methods relying on the wall-crossing of Joyce. Our results include -the dependence of the cobordism classes on the torsion-free sheaf $E_Y$ where $Y$ is a surface, -relations to the previous results in the literature, which addressed the …
The virtual geometry of the moduli space of stable quotients is used to obtain Chow relations among the kappa classes on the moduli space of nonsingular genus g curves. In a series of steps, the stable quotient relations are rewritten in successively simpler forms. The final result is the proof of the Faber-Zagier relations (conjectured in 2000).
Let $X = S \times E$ be the product of a K3 surface $S$ and an elliptic curve $E$. Reduced stable pair invariants of $X$ can be defined via (1) cutting down the reduced virtual class with incidence conditions or (2) the Behrend function weighted Euler characteristic of the quotient of the moduli space by the translation action of $E$. We show that (2) arises naturally as the degree of a virtual class, and that the invariants (1) and (2) agree. This has applications to deformation invariance, rationality and a DT/PT correspondence for reduced invariants of $S \times E$.
This article is an expanded version of talks given by the authors in Oberwolfach, Bochum, and at the Fano Conference in Torino. Some new results (e. g. the material concerning flag varieties, Quot spaces over $¶^1$, and the generalized quiver representations) were included. The main goal is the construction of gauge theoretical Gromov-Witten type invariants of arbitrary genus associated with certain symplectic factorization problems with additional symmetry, and the computation of these invariants in terms of complex geometric objects. The main tool for describing moduli spaces associated with…
