Person re-identification (ReID) is now an active research topic for AI-based video surveillance applications such as specific person search, but the practical issue that the target person(s) may change clothes (clothes inconsistency problem) has been overlooked for long. For the first time, this paper systematically studies this problem. We first overcome the difficulty of lack of suitable dataset, by collecting a small yet representative real dataset for testing whilst building a large realistic synthetic dataset for training and deeper studies. Facilitated by our new datasets, we are able to conduct various interesting new experiments for studying the influence of clothes inconsistency. We find that changing clothes makes ReID a much harder problem in the sense of bringing difficulties to learning effective representations and also challenges the generalization ability of previous ReID models to identify persons with unseen (new) clothes. Representative existing ReID models are adopted to show informative results on such a challenging setting, and we also provide some preliminary efforts on improving the robustness of existing models on handling the clothes inconsistency issue in the data. We believe that this study can be inspiring and helpful for encouraging more researches in this direction. The dataset is available on the project website: https://wanfb.github.io/dataset.html.
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院微电子研究所）
Recent years have witnessed great progress in person re-identification (re-id). Several academic benchmarks such as Market1501, CUHK03 and DukeMTMC play important roles to promote the re-id research. To our best knowledge, all the existing benchmarks assume the same person will have the same clothes. While in real-world scenarios, it is very often for a person to change clothes. To address the clothes changing person re-id problem, we construct a novel large-scale re-id benchmark named ClOthes ChAnging Person Set (COCAS), which provides multiple images of the same identity with different cloth…
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
The key to address clothes-changing person re-identification (re-id) is to extract clothes-irrelevant features, e.g., face, hairstyle, body shape, and gait. Most current works mainly focus on modeling body shape from multi-modality information (e.g., silhouettes and sketches), but do not make full use of the clothes-irrelevant information in the original RGB images. In this paper, we propose a Clothes-based Adversarial Loss (CAL) to mine clothes-irrelevant features from the original RGB images by penalizing the predictive power of re-id model w.r.t. clothes. Extensive experiments demonstrate t…
Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）
Person re-identification (re-id), the process of matching pedestrian images across different camera views, is an important task in visual surveillance. Substantial development of re-id has recently been observed, and the majority of existing models are largely dependent on color appearance and assume that pedestrians do not change their clothes across camera views. This limitation, however, can be an issue for re-id when tracking a person at different places and at different time if that person (e.g., a criminal suspect) changes his/her clothes, causing most existing methods to fail, since the…
Unsupervised Long-Term Person Re-Identification with Clothes Change
China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation（中国航天科技创新研究院）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；University of Surrey（萨里大学）；Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Surrey（萨里大学）
Existing person re-identification (re-id) works mostly consider short-term application scenarios without clothes change. In real-world, however, we often dress differently across space and time. To solve this contrast, a few recent attempts have been made on long-term re-id with clothes change. Currently, one of the most significant limitations in this field is the lack of a large realistic benchmark. In this work, we contribute a large, realistic long-term person re-identification benchmark, named as DeepChange. It has several unique characteristics: (1) Realistic and rich personal appearance…
Tianjin University（天津大学）；University of South Carolina Columbia（南卡罗来纳大学哥伦比亚分校）
Person re-identification (Re-ID) is a classical computer vision task and has achieved great progress so far. Recently, long-term Re-ID with clothes-changing has attracted increasing attention. However, existing methods mainly focus on image-based setting, where richer temporal information is overlooked. In this paper, we focus on the relatively new yet practical problem of clothes-changing video-based person re-identification (CCVReID), which is less studied. We systematically study this problem by simultaneously considering the challenge of the clothes inconsistency issue and the temporal inf…
Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence (IIAI)（Inception人工智能研究院（IIAI））；Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence（穆罕默德·本·扎耶德人工智能大学）
Recently, large-scale synthetic datasets are shown to be very useful for generalizable person re-identification. However, synthesized persons in existing datasets are mostly cartoon-like and in random dress collocation, which limits their performance. To address this, in this work, an automatic approach is proposed to directly clone the whole outfits from real-world person images to virtual 3D characters, such that any virtual person thus created will appear very similar to its real-world counterpart. Specifically, based on UV texture mapping, two cloning methods are designed, namely registere…
Discriminative Pedestrian Features and Gated Channel Attention for Clothes-Changing Person Re-Identification
College of Computer Science；Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics；School of Information；Artificial Intelligence Anhui Agriculture University Hefei, China
Causal Clothes-Invariant Feature Learning for Cloth-Changing Person Re-ID
School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学网络安全学院）；Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security（安徽省数字安全重点实验室）；Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）；School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学数据科学学院）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）
With the rise of deep learning methods, person Re-Identification (ReID) performance has been improved tremendously in many public datasets. However, most public ReID datasets are collected in a short time window in which persons' appearance rarely changes. In real-world applications such as in a shopping mall, the same person's clothing may change, and different persons may wearing similar clothes. All these cases can result in an inconsistent ReID performance, revealing a critical problem that current ReID models heavily rely on person's apparels. Therefore, it is critical to learn an apparel…
PGDS: Pose-Guidance Deep Supervision for Mitigating Clothes-Changing in Person Re-Identification
University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City（越南国家大学胡志明市校区科学大学）；John von Neumann Institute, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City（越南国家大学胡志明市校区约翰·冯·诺依曼研究所）；University of Arkansas（阿肯色大学）；Northwestern University（西北大学）
Person Re-Identification (ReID) aims to recognize a person-of-interest across different places and times. Existing ReID methods rely on images or videos collected using RGB cameras. They extract appearance features like clothes, shoes, hair, etc. Such features, however, can change drastically from one day to the next, leading to inability to identify people over extended time periods. In this paper, we introduce RF-ReID, a novel approach that harnesses radio frequency (RF) signals for longterm person ReID. RF signals traverse clothes and reflect off the human body; thus they can be used to ext…
A Semantic-aware Attention and Visual Shielding Network for Cloth-changing Person Re-identification
Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology（天津理工大学计算机视觉与系统教育部重点实验室）；School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology（合肥工业大学计算机与信息工程学院）
Tianjin University（天津大学）；Hefei University of Technology（合肥工业大学）
Person reidentification (ReID) is a very hot research topic in machine learning and computer vision, and many person ReID approaches have been proposed; however, most of these methods assume that the same person has the same clothes within a short time interval, and thus their visual appearance must be similar. However, in an actual surveillance environment, a given person has a great probability of changing clothes after a long time span, and they also often take different personal belongings with them. When the existing person ReID methods are applied in this type of case, almost all of them…
Try Harder: Hard Sample Generation and Learning for Clothes-Changing Person Re-ID
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University（北航计算机科学与工程学院）；School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University（北航人工智能学院）；Zhongguancun Academy（中关村学院）
Cloth-changing person re-identification (re-ID) is a new rising research topic that aims at retrieving pedestrians whose clothes are changed. This task is quite challenging and has not been fully studied to date. Current works mainly focus on body shape or contour sketch, but they are not robust enough due to view and posture variations. The key to this task is to exploit cloth-irrelevant cues. This paper proposes a semantic-guided pixel sampling approach for the cloth-changing person re-ID task. We do not explicitly define which feature to extract but force the model to automatically learn cl…
QA-ReID: Quality-Aware Query-Adaptive Convolution Leveraging Fused Global and Structural Cues for Clothes-Changing ReID
School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology（斯蒂文斯理工学院商学院）；Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校电子与计算机工程系）；Tandon School of Engineering, New York University（纽约大学塔恩工学院）；Institute of Operations Research and Analytics, National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学运筹与分析研究所）
Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学）
Person re-identification (re-id) aims to match people across non-overlapping camera views. So far the RGB-based appearance is widely used in most existing works. However, when people appeared in extreme illumination or changed clothes, the RGB appearance-based re-id methods tended to fail. To overcome this problem, we propose to exploit depth information to provide more invariant body shape and skeleton information regardless of illumination and color change. More specifically, we exploit depth voxel covariance descriptor and further propose a locally rotation invariant depth shape descriptor …
Wuhan University（武汉大学）；University of Tennessee（田纳西大学）
Person re-identification (re-ID) is the task of matching person images across camera views, which plays an important role in surveillance and security applications. Inspired by great progress of deep learning, deep re-ID models began to be popular and gained state-of-the-art performance. However, recent works found that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial examples, posing potential threats to DNNs based applications. This phenomenon throws a serious question about whether deep re-ID based systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we take the first atte…
Pedestrian attributes, e.g., hair length, clothes type and color, locally describe the semantic appearance of a person. Training person re-identification (ReID) algorithms under the supervision of such attributes have proven to be effective in extracting local features which are important for ReID. Unlike person identity, attributes are consistent across different domains (or datasets). However, most of ReID datasets lack attribute annotations. On the other hand, there are several datasets labeled with sufficient attributes for the case of pedestrian attribute recognition. Exploiting such data…
Microsoft（微软公司）；University of California, Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）
We address the problem of person re-identification from commodity depth sensors. One challenge for depth-based recognition is data scarcity. Our first contribution addresses this problem by introducing split-rate RGB-to-Depth transfer, which leverages large RGB datasets more effectively than popular fine-tuning approaches. Our transfer scheme is based on the observation that the model parameters at the bottom layers of a deep convolutional neural network can be directly shared between RGB and depth data while the remaining layers need to be fine-tuned rapidly. Our second contribution enhances …
Institute of Image Processing and Network Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学图像处理与网络工程研究所）；School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学生物医学工程学院）；Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学可扩展计算与系统重点实验室）
ideo-based person re-identification (Re-ID) aims to match person images in video sequences captured by disjoint surveillance cameras. Traditional video-based person Re-ID methods focus on exploring appearance information, thus, vulnerable against illumination changes, scene noises, camera parameters, and especially clothes/carrying variations. Gait recognition provides an implicit biometric solution to alleviate the above headache. Nonetheless, it experiences severe performance degeneration as camera view varies. In an attempt to address these problems, in this paper, we propose a framework th…
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；University of Texas at San Antonio（德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校）
For long time, person re-identification and image search are two separately studied tasks. However, for person re-identification, the effectiveness of local features and the "query-search" mode make it well posed for image search techniques. In the light of recent advances in image search, this paper proposes to treat person re-identification as an image search problem. Specifically, this paper claims two major contributions. 1) By designing an unsupervised Bag-of-Words representation, we are devoted to bridging the gap between the two tasks by integrating techniques from image search in perso…
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；NVIDIA AI Technology Center（英伟达人工智能技术中心）；Monash University（莫纳什大学）
Most existing virtual try-on applications require clean clothes images. Instead, we present a novel virtual Try-On network, M2E-Try On Net, which transfers the clothes from a model image to a person image without the need of any clean product images. To obtain a realistic image of person wearing the desired model clothes, we aim to solve the following challenges: 1) non-rigid nature of clothes - we need to align poses between the model and the user; 2) richness in textures of fashion items - preserving the fine details and characteristics of the clothes is critical for photo-realistic transfer…
Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Info. Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University（复旦大学计算机科学技术学院上海市智能信息处理重点实验室）；School of Data Science, Fudan University（复旦大学数据科学学院）；Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）；Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）
Person Re-identification (re-id) aims to match people across non-overlapping camera views in a public space. It is a challenging problem because many people captured in surveillance videos wear similar clothes. Consequently, the differences in their appearance are often subtle and only detectable at the right location and scales. Existing re-id models, particularly the recently proposed deep learning based ones match people at a single scale. In contrast, in this paper, a novel multi-scale deep learning model is proposed. Our model is able to learn deep discriminative feature representations a…
Person identification in the wild is very challenging due to great variation in poses, face quality, clothes, makeup and so on. Traditional research, such as face recognition, person re-identification, and speaker recognition, often focuses on a single modal of information, which is inadequate to handle all the situations in practice. Multi-modal person identification is a more promising way that we can jointly utilize face, head, body, audio features, and so on. In this paper, we introduce iQIYI-VID, the largest video dataset for multi-modal person identification. It is composed of 600K video…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
Existing person re-identification methods rely on the visual sensor to capture the pedestrians. The image or video data from visual sensor inevitably suffers the occlusion and dramatic variations of pedestrian postures, which degrades the re-identification performance and further limits its application to the open environment. On the other hand, for most people, one of the most important carry-on items is the mobile phone, which can be sensed by WiFi and cellular networks in the form of a wireless positioning signal. Such signal is robust to the pedestrian occlusion and visual appearance chang…
Content and Salient Semantics Collaboration for Cloth-Changing Person Re-Identification
School of Computer Science, Fudan University（复旦大学计算机科学学院）；School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学自动化学院）；School of Data Science, Fudan University（复旦大学数据科学学院）
Person re-identification (re-ID) aims to recognize instances of the same person contained in multiple images taken across different cameras. Existing methods for re-ID tend to rely heavily on the assumption that both query and gallery images of the same person have the same clothing. Unfortunately, this assumption may not hold for datasets captured over long periods of time (e.g., weeks, months or years). To tackle the re-ID problem in the context of clothing changes, we propose a novel representation learning model which is able to generate a body shape feature representation without being af…
Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）
Person re-identification (ReID) aims at re-identifying persons from different viewpoints across multiple cameras, of which it is of great importance to learn multifaceted features expressed in different parts of a person, e.g., clothes, bags, and other accessories in the main body, appearance in the head, and shoes in the foot. To learn such features, existing methods are focused on the striping-based approach that builds multi-branch neural networks to learn local features in each part of the identities, with one-branch network dedicated to one part. This results in complex models with a larg…
In this paper, we propose a novel person Re-ID model, Consecutive Batch DropBlock Network (CBDB-Net), to capture the attentive and robust person descriptor for the person Re-ID task. The CBDB-Net contains two novel designs: the Consecutive Batch DropBlock Module (CBDBM) and the Elastic Loss (EL). In the Consecutive Batch DropBlock Module (CBDBM), we firstly conduct uniform partition on the feature maps. And then, we independently and continuously drop each patch from top to bottom on the feature maps, which can output multiple incomplete feature maps. In the training stage, these multiple inco…
Person search in media has seen increasing potential in Internet applications, such as video clipping and character collection. This task is common but overlooked by previous person search works which focus on surveillance scenes. The media scenarios have some different challenges from surveillance scenes. For example, a person may change his clothes frequently. To alleviate this issue, this paper proposes a Unified Detector and Graph Network (UDGNet) for person search in media. UDGNet is the first person search framework to detect and re-identify the human body and head simultaneously. Specif…
East China Normal University（华东师范大学）；State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing（数学工程与先进计算国家重点实验室）
Image features from a small local region often give strong evidence in person re-identification task. However, CNN suffers from paying too much attention on the most salient local areas, thus ignoring other discriminative clues, e.g., hair, shoes or logos on clothes. %BDB proposes to randomly drop one block in a batch to enlarge the high response areas. Although BDB has achieved remarkable results, there still room for improvement. In this work, we propose a Progressive Multi-stage feature Mix network (PMM), which enables the model to find out the more precise and diverse features in a progres…
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
Generalizable person Re-Identification (ReID) has attracted growing attention in recent computer vision community. In this work, we construct a structural causal model among identity labels, identity-specific factors (clothes/shoes color etc), and domain-specific factors (background, viewpoints etc). According to the causal analysis, we propose a novel Domain Invariant Representation Learning for generalizable person Re-Identification (DIR-ReID) framework. Specifically, we first propose to disentangle the identity-specific and domain-specific feature spaces, based on which we propose an effect…
Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence (IIAI)（起源人工智能研究院）；Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence（穆罕默德·本·扎耶德人工智能大学）
Person re-identification has seen significant advancement in recent years. However, the ability of learned models to generalize to unknown target domains still remains limited. One possible reason for this is the lack of large-scale and diverse source training data, since manually labeling such a dataset is very expensive and privacy sensitive. To address this, we propose to automatically synthesize a large-scale person re-identification dataset following a set-up similar to real surveillance but with virtual environments, and then use the synthesized person images to train a generalizable per…
Person re-identification (Re-ID) aims to match a target person across camera views at different locations and times. Existing Re-ID studies focus on the short-term cloth-consistent setting, under which a person re-appears in different camera views with the same outfit. A discriminative feature representation learned by existing deep Re-ID models is thus dominated by the visual appearance of clothing. In this work, we focus on a much more difficult yet practical setting where person matching is conducted over long-duration, e.g., over days and months and therefore inevitably under the new chall…
Imaging using millimeter waves (mmWs) has many advantages including the ability to penetrate obscurants such as clothes and polymers. After having explored shape information retrieved from mmW images for person recognition, in this work we aim to gain some insight about the potential of using mmW texture information for the same task, considering not only the mmW face, but also mmW torso and mmW wholebody. We report experimental results using the mmW TNO database consisting of 50 individuals based on both hand-crafted and learned features from Alexnet and VGG-face pretrained Convolutional Neur…
United Imaging Intelligence（联合影像智能）；University of California, Riverside（加州大学河滨分校）
Despite much recent progress in video-based person re-identification (re-ID), the current state-of-the-art still suffers from common real-world challenges such as appearance similarity among various people, occlusions, and frame misalignment. To alleviate these problems, we propose Spatio-Temporal Representation Factorization (STRF), a flexible new computational unit that can be used in conjunction with most existing 3D convolutional neural network architectures for re-ID. The key innovations of STRF over prior work include explicit pathways for learning discriminative temporal and spatial fea…
Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；South China Normal University（华南师范大学）
Virtual try-on system under arbitrary human poses has huge application potential, yet raises quite a lot of challenges, e.g. self-occlusions, heavy misalignment among diverse poses, and diverse clothes textures. Existing methods aim at fitting new clothes into a person can only transfer clothes on the fixed human pose, but still show unsatisfactory performances which often fail to preserve the identity, lose the texture details, and decrease the diversity of poses. In this paper, we make the first attempt towards multi-pose guided virtual try-on system, which enables transfer clothes on a pers…
Queensland University of Technology（昆士兰科技大学）；Defence Science and Technology Group（国防科学技术集团）
Person re-identification (re-id) is a pivotal task within an intelligent surveillance pipeline and there exist numerous re-id frameworks that achieve satisfactory performance in challenging benchmarks. However, these systems struggle to generate acceptable results when there are significant differences between the camera views, illumination conditions, or occlusions. This result can be attributed to the deficiency that exists within many recently proposed re-id pipelines where they are predominately driven by appearance-based features and little attention is paid to other auxiliary information…
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR)（中国脑科学研究所（CIBR））
Nowadays, cameras equipped with AI systems can capture and analyze images to detect people automatically. However, the AI system can make mistakes when receiving deliberately designed patterns in the real world, i.e., physical adversarial examples. Prior works have shown that it is possible to print adversarial patches on clothes to evade DNN-based person detectors. However, these adversarial examples could have catastrophic drops in the attack success rate when the viewing angle (i.e., the camera's angle towards the object) changes. To perform a multi-angle attack, we propose Adversarial Text…
Tongji University（同济大学）；ByteDance AI Lab（字节跳动人工智能实验室）；University of Guelph（圭尔夫大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）
Clothes style transfer for person video generation is a challenging task, due to drastic variations of intra-person appearance and video scenarios. To tackle this problem, most recent AdaIN-based architectures are proposed to extract clothes and scenario features for generation. However, these approaches suffer from being short of fine-grained details and are prone to distort the origin person. To further improve the generation performance, we propose a novel framework with disentangled multi-branch encoders and a shared decoder. Moreover, to pursue the strong video spatio-temporal consistency…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Alibaba Cloud Computing Ltd.（阿里云计算有限公司）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）
Cloth-Changing person re-identification (CC-ReID) aims at matching the same person across different locations over a long-duration, e.g., over days, and therefore inevitably meets challenge of changing clothing. In this paper, we focus on handling well the CC-ReID problem under a more challenging setting, i.e., just from a single image, which enables high-efficiency and latency-free pedestrian identify for real-time surveillance applications. Specifically, we introduce Gait recognition as an auxiliary task to drive the Image ReID model to learn cloth-agnostic representations by leveraging pers…
