Improving sampling and calibration of GRBs as distance indicators
Ariadna Montiel, J. I. Cabrera, Juan Carlos Hidalgo
备注：
13 pages, 6 tables, 7 figures. V2: Accepted version for publication in MNRAS. GRBs sample refined, systematic errors of Hubble parameter data included for the calibration. BIC analysis included
We present a sample of 74 Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) from the Fermi-GBM catalogue for which we compute the distance moduli and use them to constrain effective dark energy models. To overcome the circularity problem affecting GRBs as distance indicators, we calibrate the Amati relation of our sample with a cosmology-independent technique. Specifically, we use the latest observational Hubble parameter data, including associated systematics, to approximate the cosmic expansion through a Bezier parametric curve. We subsequently obtain the distance moduli of the GRBs and include the data in a suite of recent cosmological observations of the expansion history (Planck Compressed 2018, 2012 BOSS release of BAO data and Pantheon SNIa), to compute Bayesian posterior constraints for the standard cosmological model $Λ$CDM, as well as $ω$CDM, and the CPL parametrization. Throughout the analysis we strive to keep under control the error propagation and limit our GRBs sample to avoid observational bias. As a result, we find no evidence in favour of the alternatives to $Λ$CDM model. The latter agrees very well with our calibrated sample of GRBs and presently available luminosity distance probes.
Correlations among pulse properties in the prompt emission of long GRBs can potentially be used as cosmological distance indicators to estimate redshifts of GRBs to which these pulses belong. We demonstrate application of this technique to a sample of GRBs for which redshifts are not known. We also study the scatter of predicted redshifts of pulses found within individual bursts. We explore the characteristics of this scatter in hopes of identifying systematic corrections and/or pulse subsets that can be used to increase the technique's reliability.
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions and can be detectable out to the edge of Universe. It has long been thought they can extend the Hubble diagram to very high redshifts. Several correlations between temporal or spectral properties and GRB luminosities have been proposed to make GRBs cosmological tools. However, those correlations cannot be properly standardized. In this paper, we select a long GRB sample with X-ray plateau phases produced by electromagnetic dipole emissions from central new-born magnetars. A tight correlation is found between the plateau luminosity and th…
Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), can be employed as standardized candles, extending the distance ladder beyond Supernovae Type Ia (SNe Ia, $z=2.26$). We standardize GRBs using the 3D fundamental plane relation (the Dainotti relation) among the rest-frame end time of the X-ray plateau emission, its corresponding luminosity, and the peak prompt luminosity. Combining SNe Ia and GRBs, we constrain $Ω_{\text{M}}= 0.299 \pm 0.009$ assuming a flat $Λ$CDM cosmology with and without correcting GRBs for selection biases and redshift evolution. Using a 3D optical Dainotti correlation, we find this sample is as e…
Context. It has been proposed that the temporal coincidence of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) and a type Ib/c supernova (SN) can be explained with the concept of induced gravitational collapse (IGC), induced by the matter ejected from an SN Ib/c accreting onto a neutron star (NS). The NS is expected to reach the critical mass necessary for it to collapse to a black hole (BH) and emit a GRB. We found a standard luminosity light curve behavior in the late-time X-ray emission of this subclass of GRBs. Aims. We test if this standard behavior in the luminosity found in this subclass of GRBs can become a r…
Thanks to their enormous energy release which allows to detect them up to very high redshift, Gamma Rays Bursts (GRBs) have recently attracted a lot of interest to probe the Hubble diagram (HD) deep into the matter dominated era and hence complement Type Ia Supernoave (SNeIa). However, lacking a local GRBs sample, calibrating the scaling relations proposed as an equivalent to the Phillips law to standardize GRBs is not an easy task because of the need to estimate the GRBs luminosity distance in a model independent way. We consider here three different calibration methods based on the use of a …
We report on recent inter-calibration studies featuring Swift's Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and Fermi's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) based upon correlated observations of GRBs 080804 and 080810, via their resultant joint spectral analysis. Swift's intrinsic multi-wavelength instrumentation and dynamical response complement Fermi's superior energy range. The addition of BAT's spectral response will (i) facilitate in-orbit GBM detector response calibration, (ii) augment Fermi's low energy sensitivity, (iii) enable ground-based follow-up efforts of Fermi GRBs, and (iv) help identify a subset of …
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are spectacularly energetic events, with the potential to inform on the early universe and its evolution, once their redshifts are known. Unfortunately, determining redshifts is a painstaking procedure requiring detailed follow-up multi-wavelength observations often involving various astronomical facilities, which have to be rapidly pointed at these serendipitous events. Here we use Machine Learning algorithms to infer redshifts from a collection of observed temporal and spectral features of GRBs. We obtained a very high correlation coefficient ($0.96$) between the infe…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are a potential tool to probe high-redshift universe. However, the circularity problem enforces people to find model-independent methods to study the luminosity correlations of GRBs. Here, we present a new method which uses gravitational waves as standard sirens to calibrate GRB luminosity correlations. For the third-generation ground-based GW detectors (i.e., Einstein Telescope), the redshifts of gravitational wave (GW) events accompanied electromagnetic counterparts can reach out to $\sim 4$, which is more distant than type Ia supernovae ($z\lesssim 2$). The Amati rel…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most explosive phenomena and can be used to study the expansion of Universe. In this paper, we compile a long GRB sample for the $E_{\mathrm{iso}}$-$E_{\mathrm{p}}$ correlation from Swift and Fermi observations. The sample contains 221 long GRBs with redshifts from 0.03 to 8.20. From the analysis of data in different redshift intervals, we find no statistically significant evidence for the redshift evolution of this correlation. Then we calibrate the correlation in six sub-samples and use the calibrated one to constrain cosmological parameters. Employing a piece…
It has been proposed that the temporal coincidence of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) and a type Ib/c supernova (SN) can be explained with the concept of induced gravitational collapse (IGC), induced by the matter ejected from an SN Ib/c accreting onto a neutron star (NS). We found a standard luminosity light curve behavior in the late-time X-ray emission of this subclass of GRBs. We interpret this as the result of a common physical mechanism in this particular phase of the X-ray emission, possibly related to the creation of the NS from the SN process. Moreover, this scaling law could be a fundamental…
Cosmological probes at any redshift are necessary to reconstruct consistently the cosmic history. Studying properly the tension on the Hubble constant, $H_0$, obtained by Supernovae Type Ia (SNe Ia) and the Planck measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation would require complete samples of distance indicators at any epoch. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are necessary for the aforementioned task because of their huge luminosity that allows us to extend the cosmic ladder at very high redshifts. However, using GRBs alone as standard candles is challenging because their luminosity varies w…
Studies of high-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide important information about the early Universe such as the rates of stellar collapsars and mergers, the metallicity content, constraints on the re-ionization period, and probes of the Hubble expansion. Rapid selection of high-z candidates from GRB samples reported in real time by dedicated space missions such as Swift is the key to identifying the most distant bursts before the optical afterglow becomes too dim to warrant a good spectrum. Here we introduce "machine-z", a redshift prediction algorithm and a "high-z" classifier for Swift G…
Gamma ray burst (GRBs) can be used to constrain cosmological parameters from medium up to very high redshift. These powerful systems could be the further reliable distance indicators after SNeIa supernovae. We consider GRBs samples to achieve the luminosity distance to redshift relation and derive the values of the cosmographic parameters considering several possible scaling relations. GRBs, if calibrated by SNeIa, seem reliable as distance indicators and give cosmographic parameters in good agreement with the LCDM model. GRBs correlations with neutrino and gravitational wave signals are also …
We report on the spectral cross-calibration results of the Konus-Wind, the Suzaku/WAM, and the Swift/BAT instruments using simultaneously observed gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). This is the first attempt to use simultaneously observed GRBs as a spectral calibration source to understand systematic problems among the instruments. Based on these joint spectral fits, we find that 1) although a constant factor (a normalization factor) agrees within 20% among the instruments, the BAT constant factor shows a systematically smaller value by 10-20% compared to that of Konus-Wind, 2) there is a systematic tre…
In this work, we use angular diameter distances of 38 galaxy clusters with joint X-ray/SZE observation to circumvent the circularity problem in the Amati relation for Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs). Assuming the validity of cosmic-distance duality relation, we obtain the luminosity distance from the cluster angular diameter distance and use that to calculate the isotropic equivalent energy of two different GRB datasets, after restricting the GRB redshift range to $z<0.9$. We then check the validity of the Amati relation for both these datasets. The best-fit Amati relation parameters using galaxy clus…
We study the high-energy properties of GRB 181123B, a short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) at redshift $z\approx$1.75. We show that, despite its nominal short duration with $T_{90}<$2 s, this burst displays evidence of a temporally extended emission (EE) at high energies and that the same trend is observed in the majority of sGRBs at $z\gtrsim$1. We discuss the impact of instrumental selection effects on the GRB classification, stressing that the measured $T_{90}$ is not an unambiguous indicator of the burst physical origin. By examining their environment (e.g. stellar mass, star formation, offset dis…
The Anti Coincidence Shield (ACS) of the INTEGRAL SPI instrument provides an excellent sensitivity for the detection of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) above ~ 75keV, but no directional and energy information is available. We studied the ACS response by using GRBs with known localizations and good spectral information derived by other satellites. We derived a count rate to flux conversion factor for different energy ranges and studied its dependence on the GRB direction and spectral hardness. For a typical GRB spectrum, we found that 1 ACS count corresponds on average to ~ 1E-10 erg/cm^2 in the 75keV-…
In order to obtain an overview of the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we need a full sample. In this paper, we collected 6289 GRBs (from GRB 910421 to GRB 160509A) from the literature, including prompt emission, afterglow and host galaxy properties. We hope to use this large sample to reveal the intrinsic properties of GRB. We have listed all the data in machine readable tables, including the properties of the GRBs, correlation coefficients and linear regression results of two arbitrary parameters, and linear regression results of any three parameters. These machine readable tables could be used as a…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected at high redshift can be used to trace the Hubble diagram of the Universe. However, the distance calibration of GRBs is not as easily as that of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). For the calibrating method based on the empirical luminosity correlations, there is an underlying assumption that the correlations should be universal over the whole redshift range. In this paper, we investigate the possible redshift dependence of six luminosity correlations with a completely model-independent deep learning method. We construct a network combining the Recurrent Neural Networ…
Tightening Cosmological Constraints Within and Beyond $Λ$CDM Using Gamma-Ray Bursts Calibrated with Type Ia Supernovae
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）；Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学前沿天文与天体物理研究院）；Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学天文系）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；Università di Camerino（卡梅里诺大学）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera（意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia（意大利国家核物理研究所佩鲁贾分部）；SUNY Polytechnic（纽约州立理工大学）；Al-Farabi Kazakh National University（阿里-法拉比哈萨克国立大学）；ICRANet（国际相对论天体物理中心网络）
