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arXiv 2003.02500nucl-thnucl-ex
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中能和相对论能碰撞动力学

Collision dynamics at medium and relativistic energies

Maria Colonna

摘要:

回顾了从低能到相对论能核碰撞动力学的最新研究结果。重离子反应为探索复杂的核多体动力学和在实验室实验中探索在密度、温度和电荷不对称的若干条件下核物质的瞬态提供了独特的机会。从理论的角度来看,输运模型是进行这些研究的重要工具,并使核有效相互作用和实验感兴趣的敏感观测值之间的联系。在这篇文章中,我们主要集中在传输模型的选择的反应机制的结果的描述,也考虑到不同的方法的预测比较。这种分析可以帮助理解的影响之间的相互作用的平均场和相关效应,以及在介质中的影响,对反应可观的,这是一个重要的一点,也为提取信息的核物质状态方程。一个特别的重点将给予最近的研究,旨在限制核对称能的密度行为的审查。对于中等(费米)能量的反应,我们将描述轻粒子和碎片发射机制,以及同位旋输运效应。集体效应表征核碰撞动力学,如横向和椭圆流,将讨论相对论重离子反应,介子生产和同位素比。

英文摘要:

Recent results connected to nuclear collision dynamics, from low up to relativistic energies, are reviewed. Heavy ion reactions offer the unique opportunity to probe the complex nuclear many-body dynamics and to explore, in laboratory experiments, transient states of nuclear matter under several conditions of density, temperature and charge asymmetry. From the theoretical point of view, transport models are an essential tool to undertake these investigations and make a connection between the nuclear effective interaction and sensitive observables of experimental interest. In this article, we mainly focus on the description of results of transport models for a selection of reaction mechanisms, also considering comparisons of predictions of different approaches. This analysis can help understanding the impact of the interplay between mean-field and correlation effects, as well as of in-medium effects, on reaction observables, which is an essential point also for extracting information on the nuclear Equation of State. A special emphasis will be given to the review of recent studies aimed at constraining the density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy. For reactions at medium (Fermi) energies, we will describe light particle and fragment emission mechanisms, together with isospin transport effects. Collective effects characterizing nuclear collision dynamics, such as transverse and elliptic flows, will be discussed for relativistic heavy ion reactions, together with meson production and isotopic ratios.

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