Domain Adaptation (DA) targets at adapting a model trained over the well-labeled source domain to the unlabeled target domain lying in different distributions. Existing DA normally assumes the well-labeled source domain is class-wise balanced, which means the size per source class is relatively similar. However, in real-world applications, labeled samples for some categories in the source domain could be extremely few due to the difficulty of data collection and annotation, which leads to decreasing performance over target domain on those few-shot categories. To perform fair cross-domain adaptation and boost the performance on these minority categories, we develop a novel Generative Few-shot Cross-domain Adaptation (GFCA) algorithm for fair cross-domain classification. Specifically, generative feature augmentation is explored to synthesize effective training data for few-shot source classes, while effective cross-domain alignment aims to adapt knowledge from source to facilitate the target learning. Experimental results on two large cross-domain visual datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method on improving both few-shot and overall classification accuracy comparing with the state-of-the-art DA approaches.
Tulane University（杜兰大学）；Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）
Domain adaptation (DA) becomes an up-and-coming technique to address the insufficient or no annotation issue by exploiting external source knowledge. Existing DA algorithms mainly focus on practical knowledge transfer through domain alignment. Unfortunately, they ignore the fairness issue when the auxiliary source is extremely imbalanced across different categories, which results in severe under-presented knowledge adaptation of minority source set. To this end, we propose a Towards Fair Knowledge Transfer (TFKT) framework to handle the fairness challenge in imbalanced cross-domain learning. S…
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）
While deep learning (DL) approaches are reaching human-level performance for many tasks, including for diagnostics AI, the focus is now on challenges possibly affecting DL deployment, including AI privacy, domain generalization, and fairness. This last challenge is addressed in this study. Here we look at a novel method for ensuring AI fairness with respect to protected or sensitive factors. This method uses domain adaptation via training set enhancement to tackle bias-causing training data imbalance. More specifically, it uses generative models that allow the generation of more synthetic trai…
University of Surrey（萨里大学）；iFlyTek-Surrey Joint Research Center on Artificial Intelligence（讯飞-萨里人工智能联合研究中心）；Samsung AI Center（三星人工智能中心）；Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）
Target domain pseudo-labelling has shown effectiveness in unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA). However, pseudo-labels of unlabeled target domain data are inevitably noisy due to the distribution shift between source and target domains. This paper proposes a Generative model-based Noise-Robust Training method (GeNRT), which eliminates domain shift while mitigating label noise. GeNRT incorporates a Distribution-based Class-wise Feature Augmentation (D-CFA) and a Generative-Discriminative classifier Consistency (GDC), both based on the class-wise target distributions modelled by generative model…
Collecting well-annotated image datasets to train modern machine learning algorithms is prohibitively expensive for many tasks. One appealing alternative is rendering synthetic data where ground-truth annotations are generated automatically. Unfortunately, models trained purely on rendered images often fail to generalize to real images. To address this shortcoming, prior work introduced unsupervised domain adaptation algorithms that attempt to map representations between the two domains or learn to extract features that are domain-invariant. In this work, we present a new approach that learns,…
Synthetic images rendered from 3D CAD models are useful for augmenting training data for object recognition algorithms. However, the generated images are non-photorealistic and do not match real image statistics. This leads to a large domain discrepancy, causing models trained on synthetic data to perform poorly on real domains. Recent work has shown the great potential of deep convolutional neural networks to generate realistic images, but has not utilized generative models to address synthetic-to-real domain adaptation. In this work, we propose a Deep Generative Correlation Alignment Network…
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia（意大利理工学院）；Università di Verona（维罗纳大学）；Huawei Technologies Ltd.（华为技术有限公司）
We investigate and characterize the inherent resilience of conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) against noise in their conditioning labels, and exploit this fact in the context of Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA). In UDA, a classifier trained on the labelled source set can be used to infer pseudo-labels on the unlabelled target set. However, this will result in a significant amount of misclassified examples (due to the well-known domain shift issue), which can be interpreted as noise injection in the ground-truth labels for the target set. We show that cGANs are, to some ext…
Indiana University Bloomington（印第安纳大学伯明顿分校）；Midea ETC（美的集团中央研究院）
Transferring knowledge across different datasets is an important approach to successfully train deep models with a small-scale target dataset or when few labeled instances are available. In this paper, we aim at developing a model that can generalize across multiple domain shifts, so that this model can adapt from a single source to multiple targets. This can be achieved by randomizing the generation of the data of various styles to mitigate the domain mismatch. First, we present a new adaptation to the CycleGAN model to produce stochastic style transfer between two image batches of different …
Endoscopic videos from multicentres often have different imaging conditions, e.g., color and illumination, which make the models trained on one domain usually fail to generalize well to another. Domain adaptation is one of the potential solutions to address the problem. However, few of existing works focused on the translation of video-based data. In this work, we propose a novel generative adversarial network (GAN), namely VideoGAN, to transfer the video-based data across different domains. As the frames of a video may have similar content and imaging conditions, the proposed VideoGAN has an …
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Imsight Medical Technology Inc.（艾迈医疗科技有限公司）
In spite of the compelling achievements that deep neural networks (DNNs) have made in medical image computing, these deep models often suffer from degraded performance when being applied to new test datasets with domain shift. In this paper, we present a novel unsupervised domain adaptation approach for segmentation tasks by designing semantic-aware generative adversarial networks (GANs). Specifically, we transform the test image into the appearance of source domain, with the semantic structural information being well preserved, which is achieved by imposing a nested adversarial learning in se…
Face anti-spoofing (FAS) approaches based on unsupervised domain adaption (UDA) have drawn growing attention due to promising performances for target scenarios. Most existing UDA FAS methods typically fit the trained models to the target domain via aligning the distribution of semantic high-level features. However, insufficient supervision of unlabeled target domains and neglect of low-level feature alignment degrade the performances of existing methods. To address these issues, we propose a novel perspective of UDA FAS that directly fits the target data to the models, i.e., stylizes the targe…
IBM Research Europe（IBM欧洲研究院）；ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Uppsala University（乌普萨拉大学）
Deep learning models can achieve high accuracy when trained on large amounts of labeled data. However, real-world scenarios often involve several challenges: Training data may become available in installments, may originate from multiple different domains, and may not contain labels for training. Certain settings, for instance medical applications, often involve further restrictions that prohibit retention of previously seen data due to privacy regulations. In this work, to address such challenges, we study unsupervised segmentation in continual learning scenarios that involve domain shift. To…
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；ByteDance Inc.（字节跳动）；Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Microsoft Research Asia（微软亚洲研究院）
This work aims at transferring a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) pre-trained on one image domain to a new domain referring to as few as just one target image. The main challenge is that, under limited supervision, it is extremely difficult to synthesize photo-realistic and highly diverse images, while acquiring representative characters of the target. Different from existing approaches that adopt the vanilla fine-tuning strategy, we import two lightweight modules to the generator and the discriminator respectively. Concretely, we introduce an attribute adaptor into the generator yet freez…
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay（印度理工学院孟买分校）；Goethe University Frankfurt（法兰克福歌德大学）
We tackle the novel problem of incremental unsupervised domain adaptation (IDA) in this paper. We assume that a labeled source domain and different unlabeled target domains are incrementally observed with the constraint that data corresponding to the current domain is only available at a time. The goal is to preserve the accuracies for all the past domains while generalizing well for the current domain. The IDA setup suffers due to the abrupt differences among the domains and the unavailability of past data including the source domain. Inspired by the notion of generative feature replay, we pr…
Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory（劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室）
The problem of adapting models from a source domain using data from any target domain of interest has gained prominence, thanks to the brittle generalization in deep neural networks. While several test-time adaptation techniques have emerged, they typically rely on synthetic data augmentations in cases of limited target data availability. In this paper, we consider the challenging setting of single-shot adaptation and explore the design of augmentation strategies. We argue that augmentations utilized by existing methods are insufficient to handle large distribution shifts, and hence propose a …
University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
Optimal Transport (OT) distances such as Wasserstein have been used in several areas such as GANs and domain adaptation. OT, however, is very sensitive to outliers (samples with large noise) in the data since in its objective function, every sample, including outliers, is weighed similarly due to the marginal constraints. To remedy this issue, robust formulations of OT with unbalanced marginal constraints have previously been proposed. However, employing these methods in deep learning problems such as GANs and domain adaptation is challenging due to the instability of their dual optimization s…
Current deep domain adaptation methods used in computer vision have mainly focused on learning discriminative and domain-invariant features across different domains. In this paper, we present a novel "deep adversarial transition learning" (DATL) framework that bridges the domain gap by projecting the source and target domains into intermediate, transitional spaces through the employment of adjustable, cross-grafted generative network stacks and effective adversarial learning between transitions. Specifically, we construct variational auto-encoders (VAE) for the two domains, and form bidirectio…
Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence（人工智能 inception 研究所）
Medical image registration is an important task in automated analysis of multi-modal images and temporal data involving multiple patient visits. Conventional approaches, although useful for different image types, are time consuming. Of late, deep learning (DL) based image registration methods have been proposed that outperform traditional methods in terms of accuracy and time. However,DL based methods are heavily dependent on training data and do not generalize well when presented with images of different scanners or anatomies. We present a DL based approach that can perform medical image regi…
IIT Kanpur（印度理工学院坎普尔分校）；Microsoft Research, India（微软研究院印度分院）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）
We present a domain adaptation based generative framework for zero-shot learning. Our framework addresses the problem of domain shift between the seen and unseen class distributions in zero-shot learning and minimizes the shift by developing a generative model trained via adversarial domain adaptation. Our approach is based on end-to-end learning of the class distributions of seen classes and unseen classes. To enable the model to learn the class distributions of unseen classes, we parameterize these class distributions in terms of the class attribute information (which is available for both s…
Are generative models fair? A study of racial bias in dermatological image generation
Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Tecnología Centrada en el Ser Humano, Universitat Politècnica de València（瓦伦西亚理工大学 以人为本技术大学研究所）；Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学）
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown remarkable performance in image synthesis tasks, but typically require a large number of training samples to achieve high-quality synthesis. This paper proposes a simple and effective method, Few-Shot GAN (FSGAN), for adapting GANs in few-shot settings (less than 100 images). FSGAN repurposes component analysis techniques and learns to adapt the singular values of the pre-trained weights while freezing the corresponding singular vectors. This provides a highly expressive parameter space for adaptation while constraining changes to the pretraine…
College of Computer Science & Software Engineering, Shenzhen University（深圳大学计算机与软件学院）
Machine learning models trained in one domain perform poorly in the other domains due to the existence of domain shift. Domain adaptation techniques solve this problem by training transferable models from the label-rich source domain to the label-scarce target domain. Unfortunately, a majority of the existing domain adaptation techniques rely on the availability of target-domain data, and thus limit their applications to a small community across few computer vision problems. In this paper, we tackle the challenging zero-shot domain adaptation (ZSDA) problem, where target-domain data is non-ava…
ELITE: Efficient Gaussian Head Avatar from a Monocular Video via Learned Initialization and TEst-time Generative Adaptation
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, POSTECH（POSTECH电子工程系）；School of Computing, KAIST（韩国科学技术院计算机学院）；UNIST（全南大学）；University of Tübingen（图宾根大学）；Tübingen AI Center（图宾根人工智能中心）；Max Planck Institute for Informatics（马克斯·普朗克信息研究所）
Artificial Intelligence Research Institute（人工智能研究院）；Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology（莫斯科物理技术学院）；HSE University（高等经济大学）；AIRI（AIRI（人工智能研究院））；MIPT（莫斯科物理技术学院）
Domain adaptation framework of GANs has achieved great progress in recent years as a main successful approach of training contemporary GANs in the case of very limited training data. In this work, we significantly improve this framework by proposing an extremely compact parameter space for fine-tuning the generator. We introduce a novel domain-modulation technique that allows to optimize only 6 thousand-dimensional vector instead of 30 million weights of StyleGAN2 to adapt to a target domain. We apply this parameterization to the state-of-art domain adaptation methods and show that it has almo…
Unsupervised domain adaptation seeks to mitigate the distribution discrepancy between source and target domains, given labeled samples of the source domain and unlabeled samples of the target domain. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have demonstrated significant improvement in domain adaptation by producing images which are domain specific for training. However, most of the existing GAN based techniques for unsupervised domain adaptation do not consider semantic information during domain matching, hence these methods degrade the performance when the source and target domain data are sema…
Due to the various reasons such as atmospheric effects and differences in acquisition, it is often the case that there exists a large difference between spectral bands of satellite images collected from different geographic locations. The large shift between spectral distributions of training and test data causes the current state of the art supervised learning approaches to output unsatisfactory maps. We present a novel semantic segmentation framework that is robust to such shift. The key component of the proposed framework is Color Mapping Generative Adversarial Networks (ColorMapGAN), which…
Domain adaptation, Explainability & Fairness in AI for Medical Image Analysis: Diagnosis of COVID-19 based on 3-D Chest CT-scans
Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）；National Technical University of Athens（雅典国家技术大学）；National Infrastructures for Research and Technology（国家研究与技术基础设施机构）
FairDiffusion: Enhancing Equity in Latent Diffusion Models via Fair Bayesian Perturbation
Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）；New York University（纽约大学）；New York University Abu Dhabi（纽约大学阿布扎比分校）；Harvard University（哈佛大学）；Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard（麻省理工学院与哈佛大学博德研究所）
We present a new method for one shot domain adaptation. The input to our method is trained GAN that can produce images in domain A and a single reference image I_B from domain B. The proposed algorithm can translate any output of the trained GAN from domain A to domain B. There are two main advantages of our method compared to the current state of the art: First, our solution achieves higher visual quality, e.g. by noticeably reducing overfitting. Second, our solution allows for more degrees of freedom to control the domain gap, i.e. what aspects of image I_B are used to define the domain B. T…
Real-world datasets are often biased with respect to key demographic factors such as race and gender. Due to the latent nature of the underlying factors, detecting and mitigating bias is especially challenging for unsupervised machine learning. We present a weakly supervised algorithm for overcoming dataset bias for deep generative models. Our approach requires access to an additional small, unlabeled reference dataset as the supervision signal, thus sidestepping the need for explicit labels on the underlying bias factors. Using this supplementary dataset, we detect the bias in existing datase…
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；JD AI Research（京东人工智能研究院）
The adaptation of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) aims to transfer a pre-trained GAN to a target domain with limited training data. In this paper, we focus on the one-shot case, which is more challenging and rarely explored in previous works. We consider that the adaptation from a source domain to a target domain can be decoupled into two parts: the transfer of global style like texture and color, and the emergence of new entities that do not belong to the source domain. While previous works mainly focus on style transfer, we propose a novel and concise framework to address the \textit{…
Computer Vision Institute, Shenzhen University（深圳大学计算机视觉研究所）；Tencent Jarvis Lab（腾讯贾维斯实验室）
Domain shift between medical images from multicentres is still an open question for the community, which degrades the generalization performance of deep learning models. Generative adversarial network (GAN), which synthesize plausible images, is one of the potential solutions to address the problem. However, the existing GAN-based approaches are prone to fail at preserving image-objects in image-to-image (I2I) translation, which reduces their practicality on domain adaptation tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel GAN (namely MI$^2$GAN) to maintain image-contents during cross-domain I2I tran…
Fair Diffusion: Instructing Text-to-Image Generation Models on Fairness
Technical University of Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学）；Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence (hessian.AI)（黑森人工智能中心（hessian.AI））；German Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)（德国人工智能研究中心（DFKI））；LAION；Huggingface（Hugging Face）
