Stavros Garoufalidis, Roland van der Veen
We identify the q-series associated to an 1-efficient ideal triangulation of a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold by Frohman and Kania-Bartoszynska with the 3D-index of Dimofte-Gaiotto-Gukov. This implies the topological invariance of the $q$-series of Frohman and Kania-Bartoszynska for cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Conversely, we identify the tetrahedron index of Dimofte-Gaiotto-Gukov as a limit of quantum 6j-symbols.
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The 3D-index of Dimofte-Gaiotto-Gukov is an interesting collection of $q$-series with integer coefficients parametrised by a pair of integers and associated to a 3-manifold with torus boundary. In this note, we explain the structure of the asymptotic expansions of the 3D-index when $q=e^{2πiτ}$ and $τ$ tends to zero (to all orders and with exponentially small terms included), and discover two phenomena: (a) when $τ$ tends to zero on a ray near the positive real axis, the horizontal asymptotics of the meromorphic 3D-index match to all orders with the asymptotics of the Turaev-Viro invariant of …
Virtual index cocycle is the 1-cochain that counts virtual crossings in the arcs of a virtual link diagram. We show how this cocycle can be used to reformulate and unify some known invariants of virtual links.
Dimofte, Gaiotto and Gukov introduced a powerful invariant, the 3D-index, associated to a suitable ideal triangulation of a 3-manifold with torus boundary components. The 3D-index is a collection of formal power series in $q^{1/2}$ with integer coefficients. Our goal is to explain how the 3D-index is a generating series of normal surfaces associated to the ideal triangulation. This shows a connection of the 3D-index with classical normal surface theory, and fulfills a dream of constructing topological invariants of 3-manifolds using normal surfaces.
Two new invariants that are closely related to Milnor's curvature-torsion invariant are introduced. The first, the spiral index of a knot, captures the minimum number of maxima among all knot projections that are free of inflection points. This invariant is closely related to both the bridge and braid index of the knot. The second, the projective superbridge index, provides a method of counting the greatest number of maxima that occur in a given knot projection. In addition to investigating how these invariants are related to the classical invariants, we utilize them to determine all knots wit…
We introduce a new knot diagram invariant called the Self-Crossing Index (SCI). Using SCI, we provide bounds for unknotting two families of framed unknots. For one of these families, unknotting using framed Reidemeister moves is significantly harder than unknotting using regular Reidemeister moves. We also investigate the relation between SCI and Arnold's curve invariant St, as well as the relation with Hass and Nowik's invariant, which generalizes cowrithe. In particular, the change of SCI under Ω3 moves depends only on the forward/backward character of the move, similar to how the change of …
We use Ozsváth, Stipsicz, and Szabó's Upsilon-invariant to provide bounds on cobordisms between knots that `contain full-twists'. In particular, we recover and generalize a classical consequence of the Morton-Franks-Williams inequality for knots: positive braids that contain a positive full-twist realize the braid index of their closure. We also establish that quasi-positive braids that are sufficiently twisted realize the minimal braid index among all knots that are concordant to their closure. Finally, we provide inductive formulas for the Upsilon invariant of torus knots and compare it to t…
We define a multi-variable version of the Affine Index Polynomial for virtual links. This invariant reduces to the original Affine Index Polynomial in the case of virtual knots, and also generalizes the version for compatible virtual links recently developed by L. Kauffman. We prove that this invariant is a Vassiliev invariant of order one, and study what happens as we shift the coloring of one or more components.
This paper describes a polynomial invariant of virtual knots that is defined in terms of an integer labeling of the virtual knot diagram. This labeling is seen to derive from an essentially unique structure of affine flat biquandle for flat virtual diagrams. The invariant is discussed in detail with many examples,including its relation to previous invariants of this type and we show how to construct Vassiliev invariants from the same data.
We define a geometric invariant and an index (+1 or -1) for projective umbilics of smooth surfaces. We prove that the sum of the indices of the projective umbilics inside a connected component H of the hyperbolic domain remains constant in any 1-parameter family of surfaces if the topological type of H does not change. We prove the same statement for any connected component E of the elliptic domain. We give formulas for the invariant and for the index which do not depend on any normal form.
This article includes an almost self-contained exposition on the discrete Conley index and its duality. We work with a local homeomorphism of $\mathds{R}^d$ and an invariant and isolated acyclic continuum, such as a cellular set or a fixed point. In this setting, we obtain a complete description of the first discrete homological Conley index, which is periodic, that enforces a combinatorial behavior of higher indices. As a consequence, we prove that isolated (as an invariant set) fixed points of orientation-reversing homeomorphisms of $\mathds{R}^3$ have fixed point index $\le 1$ and, as a cor…
We generalize the index polynomial invariant to the case of virtual tangles. Three polynomial invariants result from this generalization; we give a brief overview of their definition and some basic properties.
In this paper we construct new invariants of knotoids including the odd writhe, the parity bracket polynomial, the affine index polynomial and the arrow polynomial, and give an introduction to the theory of virtual knotoids. The invariants in this paper are defined for classical knotoids in analogy to corresponding invariants of virtual knots. The affine index polynomial and the arrow polynomial provide bounds on the height (minimum crossing distance between endpoints) of a classical knotoid. We show that classical knotoids have symmetric affine index polynomials.
Danceability, Directed by Braid Index
本文将 Schaffer 的纽结图可舞动性概念推广为纽结不变量，并证明其上界为辫子指数。
This paper is devoted to the study of the higher index theory of codimension $2$ submanifolds originated by Gromov-Lawson and Hanke-Pape-Schick. The first main result is to construct the `codimension $2$ transfer' map from the Higson-Roe analytic surgery exact sequence of a manifold $M$ to that of its codimension $2$ submanifold $N$ under some assumptions on homotopy groups. This map sends the primary and secondary higher index invariants of $M$ to those of $N$. The second is to establish that the codimension 2 transfer map is adjoint to the co-transfer map in cyclic cohomology, defined by the…
Bailey Pairs for the Tetrahedron Index
本文为四面体指标满足的五边形恒等式构造了新的Bailey对，以$q$-级数表达，为通过Bailey链推导纽结不变量提供新框架。
Quantum Invariants indexed by Fibered Faces of the Thurston Polytope
本文研究有向链环的Gukov--Manolescu量子不变量，发现其多个级数与Melvin--Morton--Rozansky展开一致，并猜想由Alexander多项式单项式索引的级数对应Thurston范数球的纤维面，提供计算证据及首项和Dehn手术相关结果。
We show that there is a family of pseudo-Anosov braids independently parameterized by the braid index and the (canonical) length whose smallest conjugacy invariant sets grow exponentially in the braid index and linearly in the length and conclude that the conjugacy problem remains exponential in the braid index under the current knowledge.
Several proofs have been published of the Mod Z gluing formula for the eta-invariant of a Dirac operator. However, so far the integer contribution to the gluing formula for the eta-invariant is left obscure in the literature. In this article we present a gluing formula for the eta-invariant which expresses the integer contribution as a triple index involving the boundary conditions and the Calderon projectors of the two parts of the decomposition. The main ingredients of our presentation are the Scott-Wojciechowski theorem for the determinant of a Dirac operator on a manifold with boundary and…
In this paper, we study the family index of a family of spin manifolds. In particular, we discuss to which extend the real index (of the Dirac operator of the real spinor bundle if the fiber dimension is divisible by 8) which can be defined in this case contains extra information over the complex index (the index of its complexification). We study this question under the additional assumption that the complex index vanishes on the k-skeleton of B. In this case, using local index theory we define new analytical invariants $\hat c_k\in H^{k-1}(B;\reals/\integers)$. We then continue and describe …
We deduce an index jump formula for first order elliptic complexes over end-periodic manifolds, which generalizes the corresponding result for the DeRham complex. In the case of the anti-self-dual DeRham complex, we define the periodic rho invariant for a class of $4$-manifolds, and identify it with the periodic spectral flow of this complex. As an application, we prove the equivalence (under a mild homological assumption) of two signatures invariants defined by means of Yang-Mills theory and geometric topology respectively for essentially embedded tori in homology $S^1 \times S^3$. We also pr…
We introduce two sequences of two-variable polynomials $\{ L^n_K (t, \ell)\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ and $\{ F^n_K (t, \ell)\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$, expressed in terms of index value of a crossing and $n$-dwrithe value of a virtual knot $K$, where $t$ and $\ell$ are variables. Basing on the fact that $n$-dwrithe is a flat virtual knot invariant we prove that $L^n_K$ and $F^n_K$ are virtual knot invariants containing Kauffman affine index polynomial as a particular case. Using $L^n_K$ we give sufficient conditions when virtual knot does not admit cosmetic crossing change.
By proving precisely which singularity index lists arise from the pair of invariant foliations for a pseudo-Anosov surface homeomorphism, Masur and Smillie determined a Teichmueller flow invariant stratification of the space of quadratic differentials. In this paper we determine an analog to the theorem for $Out(F_3)$. That is, we determine which index lists permitted by the Gaboriau-Jaeger-Levitt-Lustig index sum inequality are achieved by fully irreducible outer automorphisms of the rank-$3$ free group.
For a closed, oriented, odd dimensional manifold $X$, we define the rho invariant $ρ(X,E,H)$ for the twisted odd signature operator valued in a flat hermitian vector bundle $E$, where $H = \sum i^{j+1} H_{2j+1}$ is an odd-degree closed differential form on $X$ and $H_{2j+1}$ is a real-valued differential form of degree ${2j+1}$. We show that the twisted rho invariant $ρ(X,E,H)$ is independent of the choice of metrics on $X$ and $E$ and of the representative $H$ in the cohomology class $[H]$. We establish some basic functorial properties of the twisted rho invariant. We express the twisted eta …
This paper studies cobordism and concordance for virtual knots. We define the affine index polynomial, prove that it is a concordance invariant for knots and links (explaining when it is defined for links), show that it is also invariant under certain forms of labeled cobordism and study a number of examples in relation to these phenomena. Information on determinations of the four-ball genus of some virtual knots is obtained by via the affine index polynomial in conjunction with results on the genus of positive virtual knots using joint work with Dye and Kaestner.
We extend the Atiyah, Patodi, and Singer index theorem for first order differential operators from the context of manifolds with cylindrical ends to manifolds with periodic ends. This theorem provides a natural complement to Taubes' Fredholm theory for general end-periodic operators. Our index theorem is expressed in terms of a new periodic eta-invariant that equals the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer eta-invariant in the cylindrical setting. We apply this periodic eta-invariant to the study of moduli spaces of Riemannian metrics of positive scalar curvature.
We describe the Lorenz links generated by renormalizable Lorenz maps with reducible kneading invariant $(K_f^-,K_f^+)=(X,Y)*(S,W)$, in terms of the links corresponding to each factor. This gives one new kind of operation that permits us to generate new knots and links from old. Using this result we obtain explicit formulas for the genus and the braid index of this renormalizable Lorenz knots and links. Then we obtain explicit formulas for sequences of these invariants, associated to sequences of renormalizable Lorenz maps with kneading invariant $(X,Y)*(S,W)^{*n}$, concluding that both grow ex…
Danceability, A New Definition of Bridge Index
本文证明可舞性指数是桥指数的一个等价新定义，可视为Wirtinger数的有向版本，并将其推广到虚拟纽结。
The stick index of a knot is the least number of line segments required to build the knot in space. We define two analogous 2-dimensional invariants, the planar stick index, which is the least number of line segments in the plane to build a projection, and the spherical stick index, which is the least number of great circle arcs to build a projection on the sphere. We find bounds on these quantities in terms of other knot invariants, and give planar stick and spherical stick constructions for torus knots and for compositions of trefoils. In particular, unlike most knot invariants,we show that …
We introduce a new quasi-isometry invariant of 2-dimensional right-angled Coxeter groups, the hypergraph index, that partitions these groups into infinitely many quasi-isometry classes, each containing infinitely many groups. Furthermore, the hypergraph index of any right-angled Coxeter group can be directly computed from the group's defining graph. The hypergraph index yields an upper bound for a right-angled Coxeter group's order of thickness, order of algebraic thickness and divergence function. Finally, given an integer n>1, we give examples of right-angled Coxeter groups which are thick o…
Given two metrics of positive scalar curvature metrics on a closed spin manifold, there is a secondary index invariant in real $K$-theory. There exist two definitions of this invariant, one of homotopical flavour, the other one defined by a index problem of Atiyah-Patodi-Singer type. We give a complete and detailed proof of the folklore result that both constructions yield the same answer. Moreover, we generalize this to the case of two families of positive scalar curvature metrics, parametrized by a compact space. In essence, we prove a generalization of the classical "spectral-flow-index the…
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