The Fourth Fermi-GBM Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog: A Decade of Data
A. von Kienlin, C. A. Meegan, W. S. Paciesas, P. N. Bhat, E. Bissaldi, M. S. Briggs, E. Burns, W. H. Cleveland, M. H. Gibby, M. M. Giles, A. Goldstein, R. Hambu… 展开作者
A. von Kienlin, C. A. Meegan, W. S. Paciesas, P. N. Bhat, E. Bissaldi, M. S. Briggs, E. Burns, W. H. Cleveland, M. H. Gibby, M. M. Giles, A. Goldstein, R. Hamburg, C. M. Hui, D. Kocevski, B. Mailyan, C. Malacaria, S. Poolakkil, R. D. Preece, O. J. Roberts, P. Veres, C. A. Wilson-Hodge
备注：
273 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables. This is a 10 year catalog update of arXiv:1603.07612
We present the fourth in a series of catalogs of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed with Fermi's Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM). It extends the six year catalog by four more years, now covering the ten year time period from trigger enabling on 2008 July 12 to 2018 July 11. During this time period GBM triggered almost twice a day on transient events of which we identifyied 2356 as cosmic GRBs. Additional trigger events were due to solar are events, magnetar burst activities, and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. The intention of the GBM GRB catalog series is to provide updated information to the community on the most important observables of the GBM-detected GRBs. For each GRB the location and main characteristics of the prompt emission, the duration, peak flux, and fluence are derived. The latter two quantities are calculated for the 50-300 keV energy band, where the maximum energy release of GRBs in the instrument reference system is observed and also for a broader energy band from 10-1000 keV, exploiting the full energy range of GBM's low-energy detectors. Furthermore, information is given on the settings of the triggering criteria and exceptional operational conditions during years 7 to 10 in the mission. This fourth catalog is an official product of the Fermi-GBM science team, and the data files containing the complete results are available from the High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC).
With the confirmed detection of short gamma-ray burst (GRB) in association with a gravitational wave signal, we present the first fully Bayesian {\it Fermi}-GBM short GRB spectral catalog. Both peak flux and time-resolved spectral results are presented. Additionally, we release the full posterior distributions and reduced data from our sample. Following our previous study, we introduce three variability classes based of the observed light curve structure.
In the first two years of operation of the Fermi GBM, the 9-spacecraft Interplanetary Network (IPN) detected 158 GBM bursts with one or two distant spacecraft, and triangulated them to annuli or error boxes. Combining the IPN and GBM localizations leads to error boxes which are up to 4 orders of magnitude smaller than those of the GBM alone. These localizations comprise the IPN supplement to the GBM catalog, and they support a wide range of scientific investigations.
A combined BATSE-GBM hard X-ray catalog is presented based on Earth Occultation Imaging applied to a reanalysis of BATSE data. An imaging approach has been developed for the reanalysis of Earth Occultation analysis of BATSE data. The standard occultation analysis depends on a predetermined catalog of potential sources, so that a real source not present in the catalog may induce systematic errors when source counts associated with an uncatalogued source are incorrectly attributed to catalog sources. The goal of the imaging analysis is to find a complete set of hard X-ray sources, including sour…
This is the second of a series of catalogs of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed with the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). It extends the first two-year catalog by two more years, resulting in an overall list of 953 GBM triggered GRBs. The intention of the GBM GRB catalog is to provide information to the community on the most important observables of the GBM detected GRBs. For each GRB the location and main characteristics of the prompt emission, the duration, peak flux and fluence are derived. The latter two quantities are calculated for the 50 - 300 keV energy band, where the maximum energ…
The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) is designed to enhance the scientific return from Fermi in studying gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In its first two years of operation GBM triggered on 491 GRBs. We summarize the criteria used for triggering and quantify the general characteristics of the triggered GRBs, including their locations, durations, peak flux, and fluence. This catalog is an official product of the Fermi GBM science team, and the data files containing the complete results are available from the High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC).
Since launch in 2008, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has detected many hundreds of bursts from magnetar sources. While the vast majority of these bursts have been attributed to several known magnetars, there is also a small sample of magnetar-like bursts of unknown origin. Here we present the Fermi/GBM magnetar catalog, giving the results of the temporal and spectral analyses of 440 magnetar bursts with high temporal and spectral resolution. This catalog covers the first five years of GBM magnetar observations, from July 2008 to June 2013. We provide durations, spectral parameters for…
The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) detects gamma-rays in the energy range 8 keV - 40 MeV. We developed a new background fitting process of these data, based on the motion of the satellite. Here we summarize this method, called Direction Dependent Background Fitting (DDBF), regarding the GBM triggered catalog. We also give some preliminary results and compare the duration parameters with the 2-years Fermi Burst Catalog.
The Fermi Gamma Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) is an all sky gamma-ray monitor well known in the gamma-ray burst community. Although GBM excels in detecting the hard, bright extragalactic GRBs, its sensitivity above 8 keV and all-sky view make it an excellent instrument for the detection of rare, short-lived Galactic transients. In March 2010, we initiated a systematic search for transients using GBM data. We conclude this phase of the search by presenting a 3 year catalog of 1084 X-ray bursts. Using spectral analysis, location and spatial distributions we classified the 1084 events into 752 thermonu…
Since its launch in 2008, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has triggered and located on average approximately two gamma-ray bursts (GRB) every three days. Here we present the third of a series of catalogs of GRBs detected by GBM, extending the second catalog by two more years, through the middle of July 2014. The resulting list includes 1405 triggers identified as GRBs. The intention of the GBM GRB catalog is to provide information to the community on the most important observables of the GBM detected GRBs. For each GRB the location and main characteristics of the prompt emission, the d…
The Earth Occultation Technique (EOT) has been applied to Fermi's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) to perform all-sky monitoring for a predetermined catalog of hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray sources. In order to search for sources not in the catalog, thus completing the catalog and reducing a source of systematic error in EOT, an imaging method has been developed -- Imaging with a Differential filter using the Earth Occultation Method (IDEOM). IDEOM is a tomographic imaging method that takes advantage of the orbital precession of the Fermi satellite. Using IDEOM, all-sky reconstructions have been gene…
We present systematic spectral analyses of GRBs detected by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) during its first two years of operation. This catalog contains two types of spectra extracted from 487 GRBs, and by fitting four different spectral models, this results in a compendium of over 3800 spectra. The models were selected based on their empirical importance to the spectral shape of many GRBs, and the analysis performed was devised to be as thorough and objective as possible. We describe in detail our procedure and criteria for the analyses, and present the bulk results in the form of p…
Many different physical processes have been suggested to explain the prompt gamma-ray emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Although there are examples of both bursts with photospheric and synchrotron emission origins, these distinct spectral appearances have not been generalized to large samples of GRBs. Here, we search for signatures of the different emission mechanisms in the full Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope GBM catalogue. We use Gaussian Mixture Models to cluster bursts according to their parameters from the Band function ($α$, $β$, and $E_{pk}$) as well as their fluence and $T_{90}$. W…
We present Interplanetary Network (IPN) data for the gamma-ray bursts in the first Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) catalog. Of the 491 bursts in that catalog, covering 2008 July 12 to 2010 July 11, 427 were observed by at least one other instrument in the 9-spacecraft IPN. Of the 427, the localizations of 149 could be improved by arrival time analysis (or triangulation). For any given burst observed by the GBM and one other distant spacecraft, triangulation gives an annulus of possible arrival directions whose half-width varies between about 0.4' and 32 degrees, depending on the intensity,…
A Coherent Search for New Galactic Magnetars using Fermi/GBM and follow-up Swift/BAT: 7 Candidates and a Large Burst Catalog
Weizmann Institute of Science（魏茨曼科学研究所）；University of California at Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校）；International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（印度基本研究学院国际理论科学中心）
We aim to obtain high-quality time-resolved spectral fits of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We perform time-resolved spectral analysis with high temporal and spectral resolution of the brightest bursts observed by Fermi GBM in its first 4 years of mission. We present the complete catalog containing 1,491 spectra from 81 bursts with high spectral and temporal resolution. Distributions of parameters, statistics of the parameter populations, parameter-parameter and parameter-uncertainty correlations, and their ex…
We present the systematic spectral analyses of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) during its first ten years of operation. This catalog contains two types of spectra; time-integrated spectral fits and spectral fits at the brightest time bin, from 2297 GRBs, resulting in a compendium of over 18000 spectra. The four different spectral models used for fitting the spectra were selected based on their empirical importance to the shape of many GRBs. We describe in detail our procedure and criteria for the analyses, and present the bulk results in the form of …
A large fraction of gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectra are very hard below the peak. Indeed, the observed distribution of sub-peak power-law indices, $α$, has been used as an argument for a photospheric origin of GRB spectra. Here, we investigate what fraction of GRBs have spectra that are consistent with emission from a photopshere in a non-dissipative outflow. This is the simplest possible photospheric emission scenario. We create synthetic spectra, with a range of peak energies, by folding the theoretical predictions through the detector response of the FERMI/GBM detector. These simulated spectr…
In this catalog we present the updated set of spectral analyses of GRBs detected by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) during its first four years of operation. It contains two types of spectra, time-integrated spectral fits and spectral fits at the brightest time bin, from 943 triggered GRBs. Four different spectral models were fitted to the data, resulting in a compendium of more than 7500 spectra. The analysis was performed similarly, but not identically to Goldstein et al. 2012. All 487 GRBs from the first two years have been re-fitted using the same methodology as that of the 456 GRB…
Expanding the Population of Short Gamma-Ray Transients with a Coherent Fermi/GBM Search. A 13-year catalog of short GRBs
Weizmann Institute of Science（魏茨曼科学研究所）；University of California at Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校）；International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（印度基础科学研究塔塔研究所国际理论科学中心）
The Gamma ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on board Fermi has been providing continuous data to the astronomical community since 2008 August 12. In this paper we present the results of the analysis of the first three years of these continuous data using the Earth occultation technique to monitor a catalog of 209 sources. From this catalog, we detect 99 sources, including 40 low-mass X-ray binary/neutron star systems, 31 high-mass X-ray binary neutron star systems, 12 black hole binaries, 12 active galaxies, 2 other sources, plus the Crab Nebula, and the Sun. Nine of these sources are detected in the 10…
Employing the 12 NaI detectors in the Fermi GBM, the Earth Occultation Technique (EOT) can be used to measure the fluxes of x-ray and gamma-ray sources. Each time a source passes behind the Earth (or emerges from behind the Earth), a step-like feature is produced in the detector count rate. With a predefined catalog of source positions, the times of the occultation steps can be calculated, the individual steps fit, and the fluxes derived. However, in order to find new sources and generate a complete catalog, a method is needed for generating an image of the sky. An imaging algorithm has been d…
Motivating by the discovery of association between GW 170817 and sGRB 170817A, we present a comprehensive analysis for sGRBs observed with Fermi/GBM in 9 operation years and study the properties of sGRB 170817A -like events. We derive a catalog of 275 typical sGRBs and 48 sGRB 170817A-like weak events from the GBM data of 2217 GRBs. We visibly identify two patterns of their light curve, single episode (Pattern I, 61\% of the SGRBs) and multiple episodes (Pattern II, 39\% of the SGRBs). Their duration distribution shows a tentative bimodal feature. Their spectra can be fitted with a cutoff powe…
Hierarchical Bayesian Inference on the intrinsic event rate of Type I gamma-ray bursts from the {\it Fermi}/GBM catalogue
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Beijing Academy Science and Technology Branch（北京科学院技术分院）
The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) onboard the Fermi spacecraft currently operates on several trigger algorithms on various time scales and energy ranges. Motivated by the pursuit of faint Gamma-Ray Bursts (e.g. the elusive class of postulated low-luminosity GRBs), here we present the search for untriggered GRBs in the GBM data stream. To this end, I will demonstrate the methods and algorithms which have been developed by the GBM team. As a preliminary result, I am going to highlight the spectral analysis of GRBs which triggered the Swift satellite, but not GBM, and came from positions ab…
We present an analysis of more than 11 years of Fermi-GBM data in which 217 Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are found for which their main burst is preceded by a precursor flash. We find that short GRBs ($<$2 s) are ~10 times less likely to produce a precursor than long GRBs. The quiescent time profile is well described by a double Gaussian distribution, indicating that the observed precursors have two distinct physical progenitors. The light curves of the identified precursor GRBs are publicly available in an online catalog (https://icecube.wisc.edu/~grbweb_public/Precursors.html).
The recent discovery of a kilonova associated with an apparent long-duration gamma-ray burst has challenged the typical classification that long gamma-ray bursts originate from the core collapse of massive stars and short gamma-ray bursts are from compact binary coalescence. The kilonova indicates a neutron star merger origin and suggests the viability of gravitational-wave and long gamma-ray burst multimessenger astronomy. Gravitational waves play a crucial role by providing independent information for the source properties. This work revisits the archival 2015-2020 LIGO/Virgo gravitational-w…
Using the Gamma Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on-board Fermi, we are monitoring the hard X-ray/soft gamma ray sky using the Earth occultation technique. Each time a source in our catalog enters or exits occultation by the Earth, we measure its flux using the change in count rates due to the occultation. Currently we are using CTIME data with 8 energy channels spanning 8 keV to 1 MeV for the GBM NaI detectors and spanning 150 keV to 40 MeV for the GBM BGO detectors. Our preliminary catalog consists of galactic X-ray binaries, the Crab Nebula, and active galactic nuclei. In addition, to Earth occultat…
We present a search for gamma-ray bursts in the Fermi-GBM 10 year catalog that show similar characteristics to GRB 170817A, the first electromagnetic counterpart to a GRB identified as a binary neutron star (BNS) merger via gravitational wave observations. Our search is focused on a non-thermal pulse, followed by a thermal component, as observed for GRB 170817A. We employ search methods based on the measured catalog parameters and Bayesian Block analysis. Our multi-pronged approach, which includes examination of the localization and spectral properties of the thermal component, yields a total …
The Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the $Fermi$ spacecraft routinely observes high-energy emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Here we present the second catalog of LAT-detected GRBs, covering the first 10 years of operations, from 2008 August 4 to 2018 August 4. A total of 186 GRBs are found; of these, 91 show emission in the range $30-100\,$MeV (17 of which are seen only in this band) and 169 are detected above 100 MeV. Most of these sources were discovered by other instruments ($Fermi$/GBM, $Swift$/BAT, AGILE, INTEGRAL) or reported by the Interplanetary Network (IPN); the LAT has indepe…
The Gamma ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on board Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has been providing continuous data to the astronomical community since 2008 August 12. We will present the results of the analysis of the first three years of these continuous data using the Earth occultation technique to monitor a catalog of 209 sources. Although the occultation technique is in principle quite simple, in practice there are many complications including the dynamic instrument response, source confusion, and scattering in the Earth's atmosphere, which will be described. We detect 99 sources, including 40 …
From past experiments the average power density spectrum (PDS) of GRBs with unknown redshift was found to be modelled from 0.01 to 1 Hz with a power-law, f^(-alpha), with alpha broadly consistent with 5/3. Recent analyses of the Swift/BAT catalogue showed analogous results in the 15-150 keV band. We carried out the same analysis on the bright GRBs detected by BeppoSAX/GRBM and Fermi/GBM. The BeppoSAX/GRBM data, in the energy range 40-700 keV and with 7.8 and 0.5-ms time resolutions, allowed us to explore for the first time the average PDS at very high frequencies (up to 1 kHz) and reveal a bre…
In three years of observations since the beginning of nominal science operations in August 2008, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope has observed high-energy (>20 MeV) γ-ray emission from 35 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Among these, 28 GRBs have been detected above 100 MeV and 7 GRBs above ~ 20 MeV. The first Fermi-LAT catalog of GRBs is a compilation of these detections and provides a systematic study of high-energy emission from GRBs for the first time. To generate the catalog, we examined 733 GRBs detected by the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on Fermi and…
17 Yr of Magnetar Bursts Observed with the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor
University of Alabama in Huntsville（亨茨维尔阿拉巴马大学）；Sabancı University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences（萨班哲大学工程与自然科学学院）；Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学）；Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学天文与前沿科学研究院）；Universities Space and Research Association（大学空间研究协会）；University of Galway（高威大学）；Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville（亨茨维尔阿拉巴马大学空间等离子体与高空大气研究中心）；Rice University（莱斯大学）
An incremental version (4LAC-DR2) of the fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi-LAT is presented. This version is associated with the second release of the 4FGL general catalog (based on 10 years of data), where the spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions, yearly light curves, and associations have been updated for all sources. The new reported AGNs include two radio galaxies and 283 blazars. We briefly describe the properties of the new sample and outline changes affecting the previously published sample. Note: Users of this incremental release are re…
We present an incremental version (4FGL-DR2, for Data Release 2) of the fourth Fermi-LAT catalog of gamma-ray sources. Based on the first ten years of science data in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it uses the same analysis methods as the 4FGL catalog did for eight years of data. The spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions and associations are updated for all sources. Light curves are rebuilt for all sources with 1-year intervals (not 2-month intervals). Among the 5064 4FGL sources, 120 are formally below the detection threshold over 10 years (but are kept in the list), whil…
Studying the GRBs' gamma-ray spectra may reveal some physical information of Gamma-ray Bursts. The Fermi satellite observed more than two thousand GRBs. The FERMIGBRST catalog contains GRB parameters (peak energy, spectral indices, intensity) estimated for both the total emission (fluence), and the emission during the interval of the peak flux. We found a relationship with linear discriminant analysis between the spectral categories and the model independent physical data. We compared the Swift and Fermi spectral types. We found a connection between the Fermi fluence spectra and the Swift spec…
Previously we proposed a novel method to inspect the isotropy of the properties of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) such as their duration, fluences and peak fluxes at various energy bands and different time scales, complementary to existing studies of spatial distribution of GRBs by other authors. The method was then applied on the Fermi GBM Burst Catalog containing 1591 GRBs and except one particular direction where we noticed some hints of violation from statistical isotropy, the rest of the data showed consistency with isotropy. In this work we apply our method with some minor modifications to the …
We present the fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope catalog (4FGL) of gamma-ray sources. Based on the first eight years of science data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it is the deepest yet in this energy range. Relative to the 3FGL catalog, the 4FGL catalog has twice as much exposure as well as a number of analysis improvements, including an updated model for the Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission, and two sets of light curves (1-year and 2-month intervals). The 4FGL catalog includes 5064 sources above 4 sigma significance, for which we…
We present a method for determining the background of Fermi GBM GRBs using the satellite positional information and a physical model. Since the polynomial fitting method typically used for GRBs is generally only indicative of the background over relatively short timescales, this method is particularly useful in the cases of long GRBs or those which have Autonomous Repoint Request (ARR) and a background with much variability on short timescales. We give a Direction Dependent Background Fitting (DDBF) method for separating the motion effects from the real data and calculate the duration (T90 and…
The fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope (4LAC) between 2008 August 4 and 2016 August 2 contains 2863 objects located at high Galactic latitudes (|b|>10°). It includes 85% more sources than the previous 3LAC catalog based on 4 years of data. AGNs represent at least 79% of the high-latitude sources in the fourth Fermi-Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (4FGL), which covers the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV. In addition, 344 gamma-ray AGNs are found at low Galactic latitudes. Most of the 4LAC AGNs are blazars (9…
Gravitational lensing of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can provide an opportunity to probe the massive compact objects in the universe at different redshifts. We have discovered two consecutive pulses in the light curve of GRB 090717034, with the same temporal profile and different count rate, separated by a time interval, which is identified as gravitationally lensed candidate in Fermi/GBM GRB catalogue \citep{Kalantari}. Here, we use the $χ^2$ method to investigate the similarity of the temporal profile variability of the two pulses as a gravitationally lensed candidate GRB. We find the magnificat…
The Fermi GBM catalog provides a large database with many measured variables that can be used to explore and verify gamma-ray burst classification results. We have used Principal Component Analysis and statistical clustering techniques to look for clustering in a sample of 801 gamma-ray bursts described by sixteen classification variables. The analysis recovers what appears to be the Short class and two long-duration classes that differ from one another via peak flux, with negligible variations in fluence, duration and spectral hardness. Neither class has properties entirely consistent with th…
Statistical studies of gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectra may result in important information on the physics of GRBs. The Fermi GBM catalog contains GRB parameters (peak energy, spectral indices, intensity) estimated fitting the gamma-ray SED of the total emission (fluence, flnc), and during the time of the peak flux pflx. Using contingency tables we studied the relationship of the models best fitting pflx and flnc time intervals. Our analysis revealed an ordering of the spectra into a power law - Comptonized - smoothly broken power law - Band series. This result was further supported by a correspo…
Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts with the Fermi Large Area Telescope have prompted theoretical advances and posed big challenges in the understanding of such extreme sources, despite the fact that GRB emission above 100 MeV is a fairly rare event. The first Fermi/LAT GRB catalog, published a year ago, presented 28 detections out of ~300 bursts detected by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) within the LAT field of view. Building on the results from that work and on recent development in the understanding of the systematic errors on GBM localizations, we developed a new detection algorithm …
Rapid response and short time latency are very important for Time Domain Astronomy, such as the observations of Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) and electromagnetic (EM) counterparts of gravitational waves (GWs). Based on the near real-time Fermi/GBM data, we developed a low-latency pipeline to automatically calculate the temporal and spectral properties of GRBs. With this pipeline, some important parameters can be obtained, such as T90 and fluence, within ~20 minutes after the GRB trigger. For ~90% GRBs, T90 and fluence are consistent with the GBM catalog results within 2 sigma errors. This pipeline h…
Most Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope exhibit a delay of up to about 10 seconds between the trigger time of the hard X-ray signal as measured by the Fermi GBM and the onset of the MeV-GeV counterpart detected by the LAT. This delay may hint at important physics, whether it is due to the intrinsic variability of the inner engine or it is related to quantum dispersion effects in the velocity of light propagation from the sources to the observer. It is critical to have a proper assessment of how these time delays affect the overall properties of the light cu…
4FHL: The Fourth Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources
Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；Université Paris Cité（巴黎西岱大学）；CEA（法国原子能暨替代能源委员会）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；FSLAC IRL 2009（中法天文卫星联合实验室）；IAC（加那利天体物理研究所）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia（意大利国家核物理研究院佩鲁吉亚分部）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University（克莱姆森大学物理与天文系）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste（的里雅斯特大学物理系）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste（意大利国家核物理研究院的里雅斯特分部）；Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi（比萨大学E.费米物理系）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa（意大利国家核物理研究院比萨分部）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari（意大利国家核物理研究院巴里分部）；Università degli studi di Trento（特伦托大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉帕拉斯大学）
Sky surveys produce enormous quantities of data on extensive regions of the sky. The easiest way to access this information is through catalogues of standardised data products. {\em XMM-Newton} has been surveying the sky in the X-ray, ultra-violet, and optical bands for 20 years. The {\em XMM-Newton} Survey Science Centre has been producing standardised data products and catalogues to facilitate access to the serendipitous X-ray sky. Using improved calibration and enhanced software, we re-reduced all of the 14041 {\em XMM-Newton} X-ray observations, of which 11204 observations contained data w…
The Fermi GBM Catalog has been recently published. Previous classification analyses of the BATSE, RHESSI, BeppoSAX, and Swift databases found three types of gamma-ray bursts. Now we analyzed the GBM catalog to classify the GRBs. PCA and Multiclustering analysis revealed three groups. Validation of these groups, in terms of the observed variables, shows that one of the groups coincides with the short GRBs. The other two groups split the long class into a bright and dim part, as defined by the peak flux. Additional analysis is needed to determine whether this splitting is only a mathematical byp…
This fourth release of the RIT public catalog of numerical relativity black-hole-binary waveforms \url{http://ccrg.rit.edu/~RITCatalog} consists of 1881 accurate simulations that include 446 precessing and 611 nonprecessing quasicircular/inspiraling binary systems with mass ratios $q=m_1/m_2$ in the range $1/128\leq q\leq1$ and individual spins up to $s/m^2=0.95$; and 824 in eccentric orbits in the range $0<e\leq1$. The catalog also provides initial parameters of the binary, trajectory information, peak radiation, and final remnant black hole properties. The waveforms are corrected for the cen…
Radio-loud sources with blazar-like properties, but having a jet that does not directly point in the direction of the observer are among the most interesting classes of gamma-ray emitters. These sources are known as Misaligned Active Galactic Nuclei (MAGN). Understanding MAGN properties is useful to improve the knowledge of blazar energetics. We searched for new MAGN candidates among the remaining blazars of uncertain type detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) using a methodology based on characterizing their radio morphology. We identified seven new candidates associated with gamma…
About 0.4s after the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detected a transient gravitational-wave (GW) signal GW150914, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) also found a weak electromagnetic transient (GBM transient 150914). Time and location coincidences favor a possible association between GW150904 and GBM transient 150914. Under this possible association, we adopt Fermi's electromagnetic (EM) localization and derive constraints on possible violations of the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) from the observations of two events. Our calculations are based on four compa…
Considering the shortage of comparative studies on pulse temporal characteristics between single-peaked short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) and double-peaked sGRBs, we examine the pulse properties of a sample of 100 BATSE sGRBs using the BATSE Time-Tagged Event (TTE) data with a 5-ms resolution. 243 individual pulses of the single-peaked, double-peaked and triple-peaked sGRBs are fitted to get their statistical properties such as the pulse asymmetry, amplitude, peak time, and pulse width, etc. For the double-peaked sGRBs, according to the overlapping ratio between two adjacent peaks, we first defin…
We examine 288 GRBs detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) that fell within the field-of-view of Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT) during the first 2.5 years of observations, which showed no evidence for emission above 100 MeV. We report the photon flux upper limits in the 0.1-10 GeV range during the prompt emission phase as well as for fixed 30 s and 100 s integrations starting from the trigger time for each burst. We compare these limits with the fluxes that would be expected from extrapolations of spectral fits presented in the first GBM spectral ca…
