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arXiv 2002.11036astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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行星间隙穿越恒星质量

Planet gap opening across stellar masses

Catriona A. Sinclair, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Attila Juhasz, Cathie J. Clarke

摘要:

原行星盘中的环形结构,如间隙和环,现在通过高分辨率ALMA观测无处不在。在假设它们是由行星打开的情况下,在本文中,我们研究了打开间隙所需的最小行星质量如何在不同的恒星宿主质量和距离恒星的距离上变化。对恒星宿主质量的依赖性特别有趣,因为至少在原则上,低质量恒星周围的间隙开放对于低质量行星来说是可能的,这让我们看到了年轻的低质量行星群。然而,使用尘埃流体动力学模拟,我们发现相反的行为,由于低质量恒星周围的圆盘在几何上更厚:低质量恒星周围的间隙开口可能需要更大质量的行星。根据理论上的等时线预测恒星质量和光度之间的关系,差距开放行星质量也可以独立于恒星质量,但在任何情况下,我们发现差距开放变得更容易在低质量的恒星。这将导致在低质量恒星中发生这种结构的预期{ \it lower},因为系外行星调查显示低质量恒星的巨行星比例较低。更一般地说,我们的研究使未来的成像观测作为恒星质量的函数被解释使用的质量与观测样本的光度关系的信息。

英文摘要:

Annular structures in proto-planetary discs, such as gaps and rings, are now ubiquitously found by high-resolution ALMA observations. Under the hypothesis that they are opened by planets, in this paper we investigate how the minimum planet mass needed to open a gap varies across different stellar host masses and distances from the star. The dependence on the stellar host mass is particularly interesting because, at least in principle, gap opening around low mass stars should be possible for lower mass planets, giving us a look into the young, low mass planet population. Using dusty hydrodynamical simulations, we find however the opposite behaviour, as a result of the fact that discs around low mass stars are geometrically thicker: gap opening around low mass stars can require more massive planets. Depending on the theoretical isochrone employed to predict the relationship between stellar mass and luminosity, the gap opening planet mass could also be independent of stellar mass, but in no case we find that gap opening becomes easier around low mass stars. This would lead to the expectation of a {\it lower} incidence of such structures in lower mass stars, since exoplanet surveys show that low mass stars have a lower fraction of giant planets. More generally, our study enables future imaging observations as a function of stellar mass to be interpreted using information on the mass vs. luminosity relations of the observed samples.

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