低能宇宙射线对恒星形成的影响
Impact of low-energy cosmic rays on star formation
摘要：
近年来，在确定宇宙射线在恒星形成环境中的作用方面取得了令人兴奋的进展。从无线电到红外波长的观测和理论建模表明，低能宇宙射线（<1 TeV）在塑造星际介质的化学丰富性方面发挥着根本作用，决定着分子云的动态演化。在这篇评论中，我们总结了在一个连贯的图片的观测和传播和产生的宇宙射线的理论模型，从最小尺度的原恒星和星周盘，年轻的星团，银河系和河外尺度的主要结果。我们还讨论了新一代仪器将在不久的将来探索的新领域，如：CTA，从大质量原恒星的$γ$射线发射; SKA和前体，在不同尺度的同步辐射;和ELT/HIRES，JWST，和ARIEL，宇宙射线对系外行星大气和可居住性的影响。
英文摘要：
In recent years, exciting developments have taken place in the identification of the role of cosmic rays in star-forming environments. Observations from radio to infrared wavelengths and theoretical modelling have shown that low-energy cosmic rays (<1 TeV) play a fundamental role in shaping the chemical richness of the interstellar medium, determining the dynamical evolution of molecular clouds. In this review we summarise in a coherent picture the main results obtained by observations and by theoretical models of propagation and generation of cosmic rays, from the smallest scales of protostars and circumstellar discs, to young stellar clusters, up to Galactic and extragalactic scales. We also discuss the new fields that will be explored in the near future thanks to new generation instruments, such as: CTA, for the $γ$-ray emission from high-mass protostars; SKA and precursors, for the synchrotron emission at different scales; and ELT/HIRES, JWST, and ARIEL, for the impact of cosmic rays on exoplanetary atmospheres and habitability.
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