Gabor kernels are widely accepted as dominant filters for iris recognition. In this work we investigate, given the current interest in neural networks, if Gabor kernels are the only family of functions performing best in iris recognition, or if better filters can be learned directly from iris data. We use (on purpose) a single-layer convolutional neural network as it mimics an iris code-based algorithm. We learn two sets of data-driven kernels; one starting from randomly initialized weights and the other from open-source set of Gabor kernels. Through experimentation, we show that the network does not converge on Gabor kernels, instead converging on a mix of edge detectors, blob detectors and simple waves. In our experiments carried out with three subject-disjoint datasets we found that the performance of these learned kernels is comparable to the open-source Gabor kernels. These lead us to two conclusions: (a) a family of functions offering optimal performance in iris recognition is wider than Gabor kernels, and (b) we probably hit the maximum performance for an iris coding algorithm that uses a single convolutional layer, yet with multiple filters. Released with this work is a framework to learn data-driven kernels that can be easily transplanted into open-source iris recognition software (for instance, OSIRIS -- Open Source IRIS).
Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad（阿拉德奥雷尔·弗拉伊库大学）；Spiru Haret University（斯皮鲁·哈雷特大学）；Ovidius University of Constanta（康斯坦察奥维狄乌斯大学）
This chapter shows that combining Haar-Hilbert and Log-Gabor improves iris recognition performance leading to a less ambiguous biometric decision landscape in which the overlap between the experimental intra- and interclass score distributions diminishes or even vanishes. Haar-Hilbert, Log-Gabor and combined Haar-Hilbert and Log-Gabor encoders are tested here both for single and dual iris approach. The experimental results confirm that the best performance is obtained for the dual iris approach when the iris code is generated using the combined Haar-Hilbert and Log-Gabor encoder, and when the …
‘Spiru Haret’ University（斯皮鲁·哈雷特大学）；Faculty of Engineering, ‘Aurel Vlaicu’ University（奥雷尔·弗拉伊库大学工程学院）
This papers introduces a new family of iris encoders which use 2-dimensional Haar Wavelet Transform for noise attenuation, and Hilbert Transform to encode the iris texture. In order to prove the usefulness of the newly proposed iris encoding approach, the recognition results obtained by using these new encoders are compared to those obtained using the classical Log- Gabor iris encoder. Twelve tests involving single/multienrollment and conducted on Bath Iris Image Database are presented here. One of these tests achieves an Equal Error Rate comparable to the lowest value reported so far for this…
University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；Research and Academic Computer Network（研究与学术计算机网络）
This paper offers three new, open-source, deep learning-based iris segmentation methods, and the methodology how to use irregular segmentation masks in a conventional Gabor-wavelet-based iris recognition. To train and validate the methods, we used a wide spectrum of iris images acquired by different teams and different sensors and offered publicly, including data taken from CASIA-Iris-Interval-v4, BioSec, ND-Iris-0405, UBIRIS, Warsaw-BioBase-Post-Mortem-Iris v2.0 (post-mortem iris images), and ND-TWINS-2009-2010 (iris images acquired from identical twins). This varied training data should incr…
Iris recognition, a relatively new biometric technology, has great advantages, such as variability, stability and security, thus is the most promising for high security environment. Iris recognition is proposed in this report. We describe some methods, the first one is based on grey level histogram to extract the pupil, the second is based on elliptic and parabolic HOUGH transformation to determinate the edge of iris, upper and lower eyelids, the third we used 2D Gabor Wavelets to encode the iris and finally we used the Hamming distance for authentication.
Czech Technical University（捷克理工大学）；Microsoft Development Center Serbia（微软塞尔维亚开发中心）
We propose a novel convolutional neural network to verify a~match between two normalized images of the human iris. The network is trained end-to-end and validated on three publicly available datasets yielding state-of-the-art results against four baseline methods. The network performs better by a 10% margin to the state-of-the-art method on the CASIA.v4 dataset. In the network, we use a novel Unit-Circle Layer layer which replaces the Gabor-filtering step in a common iris-verification pipeline. We show that the layer improves the performance of the model up to 15% on previously-unseen data.
We present a new approach for face recognition system. The method is based on 2D face image features using subset of non-correlated and Orthogonal Gabor Filters instead of using the whole Gabor Filter Bank, then compressing the output feature vector using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The face image has been enhanced using multi stage image processing technique to normalize it and compensate for illumination variation. Experimental results show that the proposed system is effective for both dimension reduction and good recognition performance when compared to the complete Gabor filter ba…
Hunan First Normal University（湖南第一师范学院）；Southeast University（东南大学）；National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学）
Iris recognition is a secure biometric technology known for its stability and privacy. With no two irises being identical and little change throughout a person's lifetime, iris recognition is considered more reliable and less susceptible to external factors than other biometric recognition methods. Unlike traditional machine learning-based iris recognition methods, deep learning technology does not rely on feature engineering and boasts excellent performance. This paper collects 120 relevant papers to summarize the development of iris recognition based on deep learning. We first introduce the …
Research and Academic Computer Network NASK（科研与学术计算机网络NASK）；University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）
This paper proposes an end-to-end iris recognition method designed specifically for post-mortem samples, and thus serving as a perfect application for iris biometrics in forensics. To our knowledge, it is the first method specific for verification of iris samples acquired after demise. We have fine-tuned a convolutional neural network-based segmentation model with a large set of diversified iris data (including post-mortem and diseased eyes), and combined Gabor kernels with newly designed, iris-specific kernels learnt by Siamese networks. The resulting method significantly outperforms the exis…
Physics Institute of São Carlos (IFSC)（圣卡洛斯物理研究所（IFSC））；University of São Paulo (USP)（圣保罗大学（USP））
This paper presents a new method for dynamic texture recognition based on spatiotemporal Gabor filters. Dynamic textures have emerged as a new field of investigation that extends the concept of self-similarity of texture image to the spatiotemporal domain. To model a dynamic texture, we convolve the sequence of images to a bank of spatiotemporal Gabor filters. For each response, a feature vector is built by calculating the energy statistic. As far as the authors know, this paper is the first to report an effective method for dynamic texture recognition using spatiotemporal Gabor filters. We ev…
This paper devises a new means of filter diversification, dubbed multi-fold filter convolution (M-FFC), for face recognition. On the assumption that M-FFC receives single-scale Gabor filters of varying orientations as input, these filters are self-cross convolved by M-fold to instantiate a filter offspring set. The M-FFC flexibility also permits cross convolution amongst Gabor filters and other filter banks of profoundly dissimilar traits, e.g., principal component analysis (PCA) filters, and independent component analysis (ICA) filters. The 2-FFC of Gabor, PCA and ICA filters thus yields thre…
In this paper, the problem of automatic Gabor wavelet selection for face recognition is tackled by introducing an automatic algorithm based on Parallel AdaBoosting method. Incorporating mutual information into the algorithm leads to the selection procedure not only based on classification accuracy but also on efficiency. Effective image features are selected by using properly chosen Gabor wavelets optimised with Parallel AdaBoost method and mutual information to get high recognition rates with low computational cost. Experiments are conducted using the well-known FERET face database. In propos…
This paper proposes the first known to us open source hardware and software iris recognition system with presentation attack detection (PAD), which can be easily assembled for about 75 USD using Raspberry Pi board and a few peripherals. The primary goal of this work is to offer a low-cost baseline for spoof-resistant iris recognition, which may (a) stimulate research in iris PAD and allow for easy prototyping of secure iris recognition systems, (b) offer a low-cost secure iris recognition alternative to more sophisticated systems, and (c) serve as an educational platform. We propose a lightwei…
We present in this paper a biometric system of face detection and recognition in color images. The face detection technique is based on skin color information and fuzzy classification. A new algorithm is proposed in order to detect automatically face features (eyes, mouth and nose) and extract their correspondent geometrical points. These fiducial points are described by sets of wavelet components which are used for recognition. To achieve the face recognition, we use neural networks and we study its performances for different inputs. We compare the two types of features used for recognition: …
In this article we propose a novel face recognition method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Log-Gabor filters. The main advantages of the proposed method are its simple implementation, training, and very high recognition accuracy. For recognition experiments we used 5151 face images of 1311 persons from different sets of the FERET and AR databases that allow to analyze how recognition accuracy is affected by the change of facial expressions, illumination, and aging. Recognition experiments with the FERET database (containing photographs of 1196 persons) showed that our method ca…
Periocular recognition has gained attention recently due to demands of increased robustness of face or iris in less controlled scenarios. We present a new system for eye detection based on complex symmetry filters, which has the advantage of not needing training. Also, separability of the filters allows faster detection via one-dimensional convolutions. This system is used as input to a periocular algorithm based on retinotopic sampling grids and Gabor spectrum decomposition. The evaluation framework is composed of six databases acquired both with near-infrared and visible sensors. The experim…
Queensland University of Technology（昆士兰科技大学）；Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学）
In this work, we design a fully complex-valued neural network for the task of iris recognition. Unlike the problem of general object recognition, where real-valued neural networks can be used to extract pertinent features, iris recognition depends on the extraction of both phase and magnitude information from the input iris texture in order to better represent its biometric content. This necessitates the extraction and processing of phase information that cannot be effectively handled by a real-valued neural network. In this regard, we design a fully complex-valued neural network that can bett…
University of California, Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）；University of Illinois at Chicago（伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校）
Iris recognition is one of the most important biometric recognition method. This is because the iris texture provides many features such as freckles, coronas, stripes, furrows, crypts, etc. Those features are unique for different people and distinguishable. Such unique features in the anatomical structure of the iris make it possible the differentiation among individuals. So during last years huge number of people have been trying to improve its performance. In this article first different common steps for the Iris recognition system is explained. Then a special type of neural network is used …
Iris recognition has drawn a lot of attention since the mid-twentieth century. Among all biometric features, iris is known to possess a rich set of features. Different features have been used to perform iris recognition in the past. In this paper, two powerful sets of features are introduced to be used for iris recognition: scattering transform-based features and textural features. PCA is also applied on the extracted features to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vector while preserving most of the information of its initial value. Minimum distance classifier is used to perform template…
University of Salzburg（萨尔茨堡大学）；Federal University of Tocantins（托坎廷斯联邦大学）；Halmstad University（哈尔姆斯塔德大学）
The use of low-resolution images adopting more relaxed acquisition conditions such as mobile phones and surveillance videos is becoming increasingly common in iris recognition nowadays. Concurrently, a great variety of single image super-resolution techniques are emerging, especially with the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The main objective of these methods is to try to recover finer texture details generating more photo-realistic images based on the optimisation of an objective function depending basically on the CNN architecture and training approach. In this work, the authors…
In this article we propose a method for the recognition of faces with different facial expressions. For recognition we extract feature vectors by using log-Gabor filters of multiple orientations and scales. Using sliding window algorithm and variances -based masking these features are extracted at image regions that are less affected by the changes of facial expressions. Extracted features are passed to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -based recognition method. The results of face recognition experiments using expression variant faces showed that the proposed method could achieve higher…
Research and Academic Computer Network NASK（研究与学术计算机网络（NASK））；University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）
This paper presents a comprehensive study of post-mortem human iris recognition carried out for 1,200 near-infrared and 1,787 visible-light samples collected from 37 deceased individuals kept in the mortuary conditions. We used four independent iris recognition methods (three commercial and one academic) to analyze genuine and impostor comparison scores and check the dynamics of iris quality decay over a period of up to 814 hours after death. This study shows that post-mortem iris recognition may be close-to-perfect approximately 5 to 7 hours after death and occasionally is still viable even 2…
Most iris recognition pipelines involve three stages: segmenting into iris/non-iris pixels, normalization the iris region to a fixed area, and extracting relevant features for comparison. Given recent advances in deep learning it is prudent to ask which stages are required for accurate iris recognition. Lojez et al. (IWBF 2019) recently concluded that the segmentation stage is still crucial for good accuracy.We ask if normalization is beneficial? Towards answering this question, we develop a new iris recognition system called ThirdEye based on triplet convolutional neural networks (Schroff et …
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；CRIPAC CASIA（中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室（CRIPAC））；NLPR CASIA（中国科学院自动化研究所国家模式识别实验室）
Iris recognition is a reliable personal identification method but there is still much room to improve its accuracy especially in less-constrained situations. For example, free movement of head pose may cause large rotation difference between iris images. And illumination variations may cause irregular distortion of iris texture. To match intra-class iris images with head rotation robustly, the existing solutions usually need a precise alignment operation by exhaustive search within a determined range in iris image preprosessing or brute force searching the minimum Hamming distance in iris feat…
The principle of Photo Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) is used to link an image with its source, i.e., the sensor that produced it. In this work, we investigate if it is possible to modify an iris image acquired using one sensor in order to spoof the PRNU noise pattern of a different sensor. In this regard, we develop an image perturbation routine that iteratively modifies blocks of pixels in the original iris image such that its PRNU pattern approaches that of a target sensor. Experiments indicate the efficacy of the proposed perturbation method in spoofing PRNU patterns present in an iris ima…
Research and Academic Computer Network (NASK)（研究与学术计算机网络（NASK））；Warsaw University of Technology（华沙理工大学）；Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）
This paper presents a database of iris images collected from disease affected eyes and an analysis related to the influence of ocular diseases on iris recognition reliability. For that purpose we have collected a database of iris images acquired for 91 different eyes during routine ophthalmology visits. This collection gathers samples for healthy eyes as well as those with various eye pathologies, including cataract, acute glaucoma, posterior and anterior synechiae, retinal detachment, rubeosis iridis, corneal vascularization, corneal grafting, iris damage and atrophy and corneal ulcers, haze …
Research and Academic Computer Network (NASK)（研究与学术计算机网络（NASK））；Warsaw University of Technology（华沙理工大学）；Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）
This paper presents an analysis of how iris recognition is influenced by eye disease and an appropriate dataset comprising 2996 images of irises taken from 230 distinct eyes (including 184 affected by more than 20 different eye conditions). The images were collected in near infrared and visible light during routine ophthalmological examination. The experimental study carried out utilizing four independent iris recognition algorithms (MIRLIN, VeriEye, OSIRIS and IriCore) renders four valuable results. First, the enrollment process is highly sensitive to those eye conditions that obstruct the ir…
University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；Warsaw University of Technology（华沙工业大学）；PayEye Poland（波兰佩耶公司）；Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）；Indiana University Indianapolis（印第安纳大学印第安纳波利斯分校）
Research and Academic Computer Network（研究与学术计算机网络）；University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）
Post-mortem iris recognition can offer an additional forensic method of personal identification. However, in contrary to already well-established human examination of fingerprints, making iris recognition human-interpretable is harder, and therefore it has never been applied in forensic proceedings. There is no strong consensus among biometric experts which iris features, especially those in iris images acquired post-mortem, are the most important for human experts solving an iris recognition task. This paper explores two ways of broadening this knowledge: (a) with an eye tracker, the salient …
Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那大学计算机与信息科学学院）；XLAB d.o.o.（XLAB有限责任公司）；Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那大学电气工程学院）
Despite the rise of deep learning in numerous areas of computer vision and image processing, iris recognition has not benefited considerably from these trends so far. Most of the existing research on deep iris recognition is focused on new models for generating discriminative and robust iris representations and relies on methodologies akin to traditional iris recognition pipelines. Hence, the proposed models do not approach iris recognition in an end-to-end manner, but rather use standard heuristic iris segmentation (and unwrapping) techniques to produce normalized inputs for the deep learning…
Spiru Haret University of Bucharest（布加勒斯特斯皮鲁·哈雷特大学）；University of Bath（巴斯大学）
A new approach in iris recognition based on Circular Fuzzy Iris Segmentation (CFIS) and Gabor Analytic Iris Texture Binary Encoder (GAITBE) is proposed and tested here. CFIS procedure is designed to guarantee that similar iris segments will be obtained for similar eye images, despite the fact that the degree of occlusion may vary from one image to another. Its result is a circular iris ring (concentric with the pupil) which approximates the actual iris. GAITBE proves better encoding of statistical independence between the iris codes extracted from different irides using Hilbert Transform. Irid…
Research and Academic Computer Network（研究与学术计算机网络）；Warsaw University of Technology（华沙理工大学）；Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）
This paper presents an analysis of how the iris recognition is impacted by eye diseases and an appropriate dataset comprising 2996 iris images of 230 distinct eyes (including 184 illness-affected eyes representing more than 20 different eye conditions). The images were collected in near infrared and visible light during a routine ophthalmological practice. The experimental study shows four valuable results. First, the enrollment process is highly sensitive to those eye conditions that make the iris obstructed or introduce geometrical distortions. Second, even those conditions that do not produ…
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur（印度理工学院克勒格布尔分校）
In this paper, we present a texture aware lightweight deep learning framework for iris recognition. Our contributions are primarily three fold. Firstly, to address the dearth of labelled iris data, we propose a reconstruction loss guided unsupervised pre-training stage followed by supervised refinement. This drives the network weights to focus on discriminative iris texture patterns. Next, we propose several texture aware improvisations inside a Convolution Neural Net to better leverage iris textures. Finally, we show that our systematic training and architectural choices enable us to design a…
Research and Academic Computer Network（研究与学术计算机网络）；Warsaw University of Technology（华沙理工大学）；Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）
This paper presents a unique study of post-mortem human iris recognition and the first known to us database of near-infrared and visible-light iris images of deceased humans collected up to almost 17 days after death. We used four different iris recognition methods to analyze the dynamics of iris quality decay in short-term comparisons (samples collected up to 60 hours after death) and long-term comparisons (for samples acquired up to 407 hours after demise). This study shows that post-mortem iris recognition is possible and occasionally works even 17 days after death. These conclusions contra…
Indian Statistical Institute（印度统计研究所）；Jadavpur University（贾达普大学）
In this paper, we present a novel Gabor wavelet based Kernel Entropy Component Analysis (KECA) method by integrating the Gabor wavelet transformation (GWT) of facial images with the KECA method for enhanced face recognition performance. Firstly, from the Gabor wavelet transformed images the most important discriminative desirable facial features characterized by spatial frequency, spatial locality and orientation selectivity to cope with the variations due to illumination and facial expression changes were derived. After that KECA, relating to the Renyi entropy is extended to include cosine ke…
National Institute of Technology Rourkela（鲁尔克拉国家理工学院）
This paper proposes an efficient three fold stratified SIFT matching for iris recognition. The objective is to filter wrongly paired conventional SIFT matches. In Strata I, the keypoints from gallery and probe iris images are paired using traditional SIFT approach. Due to high image similarity at different regions of iris there may be some impairments. These are detected and filtered by finding gradient of paired keypoints in Strata II. Further, the scaling factor of paired keypoints is used to remove impairments in Strata III. The pairs retained after Strata III are likely to be potential mat…
Research and Academic Computer Network (NASK)（研究与学术计算机网络（NASK））；University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）
Iris recognition is increasingly used in large-scale applications. As a result, presentation attack detection for iris recognition takes on fundamental importance. This survey covers the diverse research literature on this topic. Different categories of presentation attack are described and placed in an application-relevant framework, and the state of the art in detecting each category of attack is summarized. One conclusion from this is that presentation attack detection for iris recognition is not yet a solved problem. Datasets available for research are described, research directions for th…
Research and Academic Computer Network（研究与学术计算机网络）；Warsaw University of Technology（华沙理工大学）
With the recent shift towards mobile computing, new challenges for biometric authentication appear on the horizon. This paper provides a comprehensive study of cross-spectral iris recognition in a scenario, in which high quality color images obtained with a mobile phone are used against enrollment images collected in typical, near-infrared setups. Grayscale conversion of the color images that employs selective RGB channel choice depending on the iris coloration is shown to improve the recognition accuracy for some combinations of eye colors and matching software, when compared to using the red…
Indian Institute Of Technology Kharagpur（印度理工学院克勒格布尔分校）
This paper presents a texture aware end-to-end trainable iris recognition system, specifically designed for datasets like iris having limited training data. We build upon our previous stagewise learning framework with certain key optimization and architectural innovations. First, we pretrain a Stage-1 encoder network with an unsupervised autoencoder learning optimized with an additional data relation loss on top of usual reconstruction loss. The data relation loss enables learning better texture representation which is pivotal for a texture rich dataset such as iris. Robustness of Stage-1 feat…
Indian Statistical Institute（印度统计研究所）；Jadavpur University（贾达普大学）
In this paper a nonlinear Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT) discriminant feature extraction approach for enhanced face recognition is proposed. Firstly, the low-energized blocks from Gabor wavelet transformed images are extracted. Secondly, the nonlinear discriminating features are analyzed and extracted from the selected low-energized blocks by the generalized Kernel Discriminative Common Vector (KDCV) method. The KDCV method is extended to include cosine kernel function in the discriminating method. The KDCV with the cosine kernels is then applied on the extracted low energized discriminating fe…
Research and Academic Computer Network（研究与学术计算机网络）；University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）
This paper proposes the first known to us iris recognition methodology designed specifically for post-mortem samples. We propose to use deep learning-based iris segmentation models to extract highly irregular iris texture areas in post-mortem iris images. We show how to use segmentation masks predicted by neural networks in conventional, Gabor-based iris recognition method, which employs circular approximations of the pupillary and limbic iris boundaries. As a whole, this method allows for a significant improvement in post-mortem iris recognition accuracy over the methods designed only for ant…
Extracting and analyzing iris textures for biometric recognition has been extensively studied. As the transition of iris recognition from lab technology to nation-scale applications, most systems are facing high complexity in either time or space, leading to unfitness for embedded devices. In this paper, the proposed design includes a minimal set of computer vision modules and multi-mode QC-LDPC decoder which can alleviate variability and noise caused by iris acquisition and follow-up process. Several classes of QC-LDPC code from IEEE 802.16 are tested for the validity of accuracy improvement.…
Iris Recognition (IR) is one of the market's most reliable and accurate biometric systems. Today, it is challenging to build NIR-capturing devices under the premise of hardware price reduction. Commercial NIR sensors are protected from modification. The process of building a new device is not trivial because it is required to start from scratch with the process of capturing images with quality, calibrating operational distances, and building lightweight software such as eyes/iris detectors and segmentation sub-systems. In light of such challenges, this work aims to develop and implement iris r…
Forensic iris recognition, as opposed to live iris recognition, is an emerging research area that leverages the discriminative power of iris biometrics to aid human examiners in their efforts to identify deceased persons. As a machine learning-based technique in a predominantly human-controlled task, forensic recognition serves as "back-up" to human expertise in the task of post-mortem identification. As such, the machine learning model must be (a) interpretable, and (b) post-mortem-specific, to account for changes in decaying eye tissue. In this work, we propose a method that satisfies both r…
Research and Academic Computer Network（研究与学术计算机网络）；Warsaw University of Technology（华沙理工大学）；Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）
This paper presents a unique analysis of post-mortem human iris recognition. Post-mortem human iris images were collected at the university mortuary in three sessions separated by approximately 11 hours, with the first session organized from 5 to 7 hours after demise. Analysis performed for four independent iris recognition methods shows that the common claim of the iris being useless for biometric identification soon after death is not entirely true. Since the pupil has a constant and neutral dilation after death (the so called "cadaveric position"), this makes the iris pattern perfectly visi…
Federal University of Tocantins（托坎廷斯联邦大学）；Halmstad University（哈尔姆斯塔德大学）
Several recent works have addressed the ability of deep learning to disclose rich, hierarchical and discriminative models for the most diverse purposes. Specifically in the super-resolution field, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) using different deep learning approaches attempt to recover realistic texture and fine grained details from low resolution images. In this work we explore the viability of these approaches for iris Super-Resolution (SR) in an iris recognition environment. For this, we test different architectures with and without a so called image re-projection to reduce artifacts…
Impact of Iris Pigmentation on Performance Bias in Visible Iris Verification Systems: A Comparative Study
Indian Institute of Technology Mandi（印度曼迪理工学院）；Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi（印度曼迪理工学院技术创新中心）；Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)（挪威科技大学）
Halmstad University（哈尔姆斯塔德大学）；University of Malta（马耳他大学）
Current research in iris recognition is moving towards enabling more relaxed acquisition conditions. This has effects on the quality of acquired images, with low resolution being a predominant issue. Here, we evaluate a super-resolution algorithm used to reconstruct iris images based on Eigen-transformation of local image patches. Each patch is reconstructed separately, allowing better quality of enhanced images by preserving local information. Contrast enhancement is used to improve the reconstruction quality, while matcher fusion has been adopted to improve iris recognition performance. We v…
Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid（马德里自治大学高等理工学院生物特征识别组）
Biometric methods based on iris images are believed to allow very high accuracy, and there has been an explosion of interest in iris biometrics in recent years. In this paper, we use the Scale Invariant Feature Transformation (SIFT) for recognition using iris images. Contrarily to traditional iris recognition systems, the SIFT approach does not rely on the transformation of the iris pattern to polar coordinates or on highly accurate segmentation, allowing less constrained image acquisition conditions. We extract characteristic SIFT feature points in scale space and perform matching based on th…
Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering（达亚南达·萨加尔工程学院）
Object recognition in the video sequence or images is one of the sub-field of computer vision. Moving object recognition from a video sequence is an appealing topic with applications in various areas such as airport safety, intrusion surveillance, video monitoring, intelligent highway, etc. Moving object recognition is the most challenging task in intelligent video surveillance system. In this regard, many techniques have been proposed based on different methods. Despite of its importance, moving object recognition in complex environments is still far from being completely solved for low resol…
Islamic Azad University Mashhad Branch（伊斯兰阿扎德大学马什哈德分校）；Ferdowsi University of Mashhad（马什哈德费尔多西大学）
The selection of the optimal feature subset and the classification has become an important issue in the field of iris recognition. In this paper we propose several methods for iris feature subset selection and vector creation. The deterministic feature sequence is extracted from the iris image by using the contourlet transform technique. Contourlet transform captures the intrinsic geometrical structures of iris image. It decomposes the iris image into a set of directional sub-bands with texture details captured in different orientations at various scales so for reducing the feature vector dime…
Gabor functions have wide-spread applications in image processing and computer vision. In this paper, we prove that 2D Gabor functions are translation-invariant positive-definite kernels and propose a novel formulation for the problem of image representation with Gabor functions based on infinite kernel learning regression. Using this formulation, we obtain a support vector expansion of an image based on a mixture of Gabor functions. The problem with this representation is that all Gabor functions are present at all support vector pixels. Applying LASSO to this support vector expansion, we obt…
Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）；Research and Academic Computer Network (NASK)（研究与学术计算机网络（NASK））；Warsaw University of Technology（华沙理工大学）
This chapter provides insight on how iris recognition, one of the leading biometric identification technologies in the world, can be impacted by pathologies and illnesses present in the eye, what are the possible repercussions of this influence, and what are the possible means for taking such effects into account when matching iris samples. To make this study possible, a special database of iris images has been used, representing more than 20 different medical conditions of the ocular region (including cataract, glaucoma, rubeosis iridis, synechiae, iris defects, corneal pathologies and other)…
Federal University of Paraná (UFPR)（巴拉那联邦大学）；Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP)（欧鲁普雷图联邦大学）；Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR)（巴拉那天主教大学）
The use of iris as a biometric trait is widely used because of its high level of distinction and uniqueness. Nowadays, one of the major research challenges relies on the recognition of iris images obtained in visible spectrum under unconstrained environments. In this scenario, the acquired iris are affected by capture distance, rotation, blur, motion blur, low contrast and specular reflection, creating noises that disturb the iris recognition systems. Besides delineating the iris region, usually preprocessing techniques such as normalization and segmentation of noisy iris images are employed t…
Modern deep learning techniques can be employed to generate effective feature extractors for the task of iris recognition. The question arises: should we train such structures from scratch on a relatively large iris image dataset, or it is better to fine-tune the existing models to adapt them to a new domain? In this work we explore five different sets of weights for the popular ResNet-50 architecture to find out whether iris-specific feature extractors perform better than models trained for non-iris tasks. Features are extracted from each convolutional layer and the classification accuracy ac…
Mansoura University（曼苏拉大学）；Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences（计算机与信息科学学院）
Iris recognition is considered as one of the best biometric methods used for human identification and verification, this is because of its unique features that differ from one person to another, and its importance in the security field. This paper proposes an algorithm for iris recognition and classification using a system based on Local Binary Pattern and histogram properties as a statistical approaches for feature extraction, and Combined Learning Vector Quantization Classifier as Neural Network approach for classification, in order to build a hybrid model depends on both features. The local…
In recent years, cross-spectral iris recognition has emerged as a promising biometric approach to establish the identity of individuals. However, matching iris images acquired at different spectral bands (i.e., matching a visible (VIS) iris probe to a gallery of near-infrared (NIR) iris images or vice versa) shows a significant performance degradation when compared to intraband NIR matching. Hence, in this paper, we have investigated a range of deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) architectures to further improve the accuracy of cross-spectral iris recognition methods. Mor…
ImmerIris: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Off-Axis and Unconstrained Iris Recognition in Immersive Applications
Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing（上海智能信息处理关键实验室）；Fudan University（复旦大学）；Huaiyin Normal University（淮阴师范学院）；Zhengzhou University of Light Industry（郑州轻工业学院）；Tongji University（同济大学）
