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arXiv 2002.07591cs.CLcs.LG
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基于PreAttention机制的文本分类

Text Classification with Lexicon from PreAttention Mechanism

School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications(北京邮电大学网络空间安全学院)

QingBiao LI, Chunhua Wu, Kangfeng Zheng

摘要:

在传统的文本分类方法中,一个全面的、高质量的词典起着至关重要的作用。提高了语言知识的利用率。虽然它对任务是有帮助的,但在最近的神经网络模型中,词汇很少受到关注。首先,获得高质量的词典并不容易。我们缺乏有效的自动化词典提取方法,大多数词典都是手工制作的,这对于大数据来说效率非常低。更重要的是,在神经网络中没有一种有效的方法来使用词典。针对这些局限性,本文提出了一种用于文本分类的预注意力机制,它可以根据不同单词在分类任务中的作用来学习它们的注意力。不同关注度的词可以组成一个领域词典。在三个基准文本分类任务上的实验表明,与现有的方法相比,我们的模型得到了有竞争力的结果。我们在Stanford Large Movie Review数据集上获得了90.5%的准确率,在Subjectivity数据集上获得了82.3%的准确率,在Movie Reviews上获得了93.7%的准确率。与没有引入预注意力机制的文本分类模型相比,引入预注意力机制的文本分类模型准确率提高了0.9%~ 2.4%,证明了预注意力机制的有效性。此外,预注意力机制表现良好,随后是不同类型的神经网络(例如,卷积神经网络和长短期记忆网络)。对于同一个数据集,当我们使用预注意力机制获取不同神经网络所遵循的注意力值时,那些具有高注意力值的单词具有很高的重合度,这证明了预注意力机制的通用性和可移植性。利用注意值可以得到稳定的词汇,是一种很有启发性的信息抽取方法。

英文摘要:

A comprehensive and high-quality lexicon plays a crucial role in traditional text classification approaches. And it improves the utilization of the linguistic knowledge. Although it is helpful for the task, the lexicon has got little attention in recent neural network models. Firstly, getting a high-quality lexicon is not easy. We lack an effective automated lexicon extraction method, and most lexicons are hand crafted, which is very inefficient for big data. What's more, there is no an effective way to use a lexicon in a neural network. To address those limitations, we propose a Pre-Attention mechanism for text classification in this paper, which can learn attention of different words according to their effects in the classification tasks. The words with different attention can form a domain lexicon. Experiments on three benchmark text classification tasks show that our models get competitive result comparing with the state-of-the-art methods. We get 90.5% accuracy on Stanford Large Movie Review dataset, 82.3% on Subjectivity dataset, 93.7% on Movie Reviews. And compared with the text classification model without Pre-Attention mechanism, those with Pre-Attention mechanism improve by 0.9%-2.4% accuracy, which proves the validity of the Pre-Attention mechanism. In addition, the Pre-Attention mechanism performs well followed by different types of neural networks (e.g., convolutional neural networks and Long Short-Term Memory networks). For the same dataset, when we use Pre-Attention mechanism to get attention value followed by different neural networks, those words with high attention values have a high degree of coincidence, which proves the versatility and portability of the Pre-Attention mechanism. we can get stable lexicons by attention values, which is an inspiring method of information extraction.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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