B. Meirose, V. Abelin, F. Bertilsson, B. E. Bolling, M. Brandin, M. Holz, R. Høier, A. Johansson, P. Lilja, J. S. Lundquist, S. Molloy, F. Persson, J. E. Petersson, H. Serodio, R. Svärd, D. Winchester
In this paper, beam diagnostic and monitoring tools developed by the MAX IV Operations Group are discussed. In particular, new beam position monitoring and accelerator tunes visualization software tools, as well as tools that directly influence the beam quality and stability are introduced. An availability and downtime monitoring application is also presented.
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This report summaries the workshop on accelerator R&D for ultimate storage ring, held in Huairou, Beijing, Oct. 30 to Nov. 1, 2012.
The equations of classical spin-orbit motion can be extended to a Hamiltonian system in 9-dimensional phase space by introducing a coupled spin-orbit Poisson bracket and a Hamiltonian function. After this extension and by establishing connections between initial and extended systems it becomes possible to apply the methods of the theory of Hamiltonian systems to the study of polarized particle beam dynamics in circular accelerators and storage rings. Some of those methods have been implemented in the computer code FORGET-ME-NOT.
We give an overview of our current/future analytical and numerical work on the spin polarization in high-energy electron storage rings. Our goal is to study the possibility of polarization for the CEPC and FCC-ee. Our work is based on the so-called Bloch equation for the polarization density introduced by Derbenev and Kondratenko in 1975. We also give an outline of the standard approach, the latter being based on the Derbenev-Kondratenko formulas.
Investigation of neutrino oscillations and rare meson decays are main physics goals of Project X. The successful physics outcome relies on the feasibility of high-intensity neutrino and meson (K+ and μ) beams. In order to meet this goal we propose accelerator system dominated by the synchrotrons (Option A) as a technologically easier and significantly more cost-effective alternative to the accelerator system dominated by the linear accelerators (Option B). The synchrotron-based accelerator system and its main components are outlined and the expected proton beam power for the neutrino and meson…
From Concept to Reality: Additive Manufacturing in Particle Accelerator and Storage Ring R&D at GSI and for FAIR
本文介绍GSI及FAIR项目中利用金属3D打印等增材制造技术开发新型加速结构和高效冷却板的研究进展，展示了该技术在粒子加速器与储存环研发中的潜力与经验。
In storage rings, horizontal dispersion in the rf cavities introduces horizontal-longitudinal (xz) coupling, contributing to beam tilt in the xz plane. This coupling can be characterized by a "crabbing" dispersion term ζa that appears in the normal mode decomposition of the 1-turn transfer matrix. ζa is proportional to the rf cavity voltage and the horizontal dispersion in the cavity. We report experiments at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator (CesrTA) where xz coupling was explored using three lattices with distinct crabbing properties. We characterize the xz coupling for each…
Cornell's electron/positron storage ring (CESR) was modified over a series of accelerator shutdowns beginning in May 2008, which substantially improves its capability for research and development for particle accelerators. CESR's energy span from 1.8 to 5.6 GeV with both electrons and positrons makes it ideal for the study of a wide spectrum of accelerator physics issues and instrumentation related to present light sources and future lepton damping rings. Additionally a number of these are also relevant for the beam physics of proton accelerators. This paper outlines the motivation, design and…
We report on extensive measurements at the Cornell Electron-positron Storage Ring of electron-cloud-induced betatron tune shifts for trains of positron bunches at 2.1 and 5.3 GeV with bunch populations ranging between 0.64x10^10 and 9.6x10^10. Measurements using a witness bunch with variable distance from the end of the train and variable bunch population provide information on cloud decay and cloud pinching during the bunch passage. We employ Monte Carlo simulations of the reflection and absorption of synchrotron radiation photons to determine the pattern of absorption sites around the circum…
Increasing the opening speed of the plasma opening switch on an direct action accelerator with an inductive energy storage device
通过优化电气参数提升直接作用加速器中等离子体开关的开启速度和电压倍增因子
Turkish Accelerator Center) project is aimed to build an accelerator center in Turkey. The first step of the project is to construct IR-FEL facility. The second stage is to build a synchrotron radiation facility named TURKAY, which is the third generation synchrotron radiation light source that aimed to achieve high brilliance photon beam from low emittance electron beam at 3 GeV. The electron beam parameters highly depend on the magnetic lattice of the storage ring. In this paper a low emittance storage ring for TURKAY is proposed and beam dynamic properties of the magnetic lattice are invest…
A kinetic equation for the joint probability distribution for fixed values of the classical action, momentum and density has been derived. Further, the hydrodynamic equations of continuity and balance of momentum density have been transformed into a Schroedinger-like equation, describing particle motion in an effective electro-magnetic field and an expression for the gauge potentials has been obtained.
We have evaluated the data-efficient Bayesian optimization method for the specific task of injection tuning in a circular accelerator. In this paper, we describe the implementation of this method at the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator with up to nine tuning parameters, including the determination of the associated hyperparameters. We show that the Bayesian optimization method outperforms manual tuning and the commonly used Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm both in simulation and experiment. The algorithm was also successfully used to ease the commissioning phase after the installation of new i…
Cornell's electron/positron storage ring (CESR) was modified over a series of accelerator shutdowns beginning in May 2008, which substantially improves its capability for research and development for particle accelerators. CESR's energy span from 1.8 to 5.6 GeV with both electrons and positrons makes it ideal for the study of a wide spectrum of accelerator physics issues and instrumentation related to present light sources and future lepton damping rings. Additionally a number of these are also relevant for the beam physics of proton accelerators. This paper is the third in a series of four de…
For any storage ring-based large-scale scientific facility, one of the most important performance parameters is the dynamic aperture (DA), which measures the motion stability of charged particles in a global manner. To date, long-term tracking-based simulation is regarded as the most reliable method to calculate DA. However, numerical tracking may become a significant issue, especially when lots of candidate designs of a storage ring need to be evaluated. In this paper, we present a novel machine learning-based method, which can reduce the computation cost of DA tracking by approximately one o…
The aim of this contribution is to study the particle dynamics in a storage ring under the influence of noise. Some simplified stochastic beam dynamics problems are treated by solving the corresponding Fokker-Planck equations numerically.
In this series of eight papers we present the applications of methods from wavelet analysis to polynomial approximations for a number of accelerator physics problems. In this part, according to variational approach we obtain a representation for orbital particle motion in storage rings as a multiresolution (multiscales) expansion in the base of well-localized in phase space wavelet basis. By means of this "wavelet microscope" technique we can take into account contribution from each scale of resolution.
With advances in accelerator science and technology in the recent decades, the accelerator community has focused on the development of next-generation light sources, for example the diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs), which requires precision control of the electron beam energy and betatron tunes. This work is aimed at understanding magnet hysteresis effects on the electron beam energy and lattice focusing in the circular accelerators, and developing new methods to gain better control of these effects. In this paper, we will report our recent experimental study of the magnetic hysteresi…
To study the characteristics of synchrotron radiation in magnetic fields of accelerators first the author was necessary to obtain a continuous solutions of Hill's equation. For this purpose the gradient or the components of magnetic field were developed in a series. The same procedure is followed now in the case of storage rings. This approach proved to be interesting not only from the point of view of describing the motion of partiles in ordinary three-dimensional space but also in the fact that we get new differential equations. This brief review can be regarded as an introduction to the pro…
Cornell's electron/positron storage ring (CESR) was modified over a series of accelerator shutdowns beginning in May 2008, which substantially improves its capability for research and development for particle accelerators. CESR's energy span from 1.8 to 5.6 GeV with both electrons and positrons makes it ideal for the study of a wide spectrum of accelerator physics issues and instrumentation related to present light sources and future lepton damping rings. Additionally a number of these are also relevant for the beam physics of proton accelerators. This paper, the second in a series of four, di…
Cornell's electron/positron storage ring (CESR) was modified over a series of accelerator shutdowns beginning in May 2008, which substantially improves its capability for research and development for particle accelerators. CESR's energy span from 1.8 to 5.6 GeV with both electrons and positrons makes it appropriate for the study of a wide spectrum of accelerator physics issues and instrumentation related to present light sources and future lepton damping rings. Additionally a number of these are also relevant for the beam physics of proton accelerators. This paper, the last in a series of four…
A recurrent artificial neural network known as Hopfield network is used for pattern storage. Here we have applied this associative memory type network for pattern recognition for predictive controls and diagnostics in accelerator based systems. This system will be usefull for control systems and data acquisition system based on artificial intelligence at accelerator facilities. In this publication we have discussed the role of Hopfield network as pattern recognition and auto encoder for denoising the images of ion beams obtained using CCD based optical systems.
Proposed methods for measuring the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the proton use an intense, polarized proton beam stored in an all-electric storage ring "trap". At the "magic" kinetic energy of 232.792 MeV, proton spins are "frozen", for example always parallel to the instantaneous particle momentum. This paper describes an accelerator simulation code, ETEAPOT, a new component of the Unified Accelerator Libraries (UAL), to be used for long term tracking of particle orbits and spins in electric bend accelerators, in order to simulate EDM storage ring experiments. Though qualitatively much lik…
The use of existing Fermilab facilities to provide beams for two muon experiments -- the Muon to Electron Conversion Experiment (Mu2e) and the New g-2 Experiment -- is under consideration. Plans are being pursued to perform these experiments following the completion of the Tevatron Collider Run II, utilizing the beam lines and storage rings used today for antiproton accumulation without considerable reconfiguration. Operating scenarios being investigated and anticipated accelerator improvements or reconfigurations will be presented.
Fermilab's Integrable Optics Test Accelerator is an electron storage ring designed for testing advanced accelerator physics concepts, including implementation of nonlinear integrable beam optics and experiments on optical stochastic cooling. The machine is currently under construction at the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator facility. In this report we present the goals and the current status of the project, and describe the details of machine design. In particular, we concentrate on numerical simulations setting the requirements on the design and supporting the choice of machine param…
Beam lifetime in storage rings and colliders is affected by, among other effects, lattice nonlinearities. Their control are of great benefit to the dynamic aperture of an accelerator, whose enlargement leads in general to more efficient injection and longer lifetime. This article describes a procedure to evaluate and correct unwanted nonlinearities by using turn-by-turn beam position monitor data, which is an evolution of previous works on the resonance driving terms (RDTs). Effective sextupole magnetic errors and tilts at the ESRF electron storage ring are evaluated and corrected (when possib…
We are exploring the feasibility of a neutrino factory based on a muon storage ring. In this, beams of nu_mu and nubar_e arise from the decay of mu- particles (or alternatively, nubar_mu and nu_e from mu+). The muons come from the decay of low-energy pions produced by a megawatt proton beam incident on a nuclear target. The muons are captured into a magnetic channel, "cooled" by ionization in liquid hydrogen, accelerated to energy of order 50 GeV, and injected into a storage ring. A nonhorizontal ring can deliver neutrino beams to an on-site detector, as well as to two off-site detectors separ…
This lecture gives an introduction into the design of high-energy storage ring lattices. Applying the formalism that has been established in transverse beam optics, the basic principles of the development of a magnet lattice are explained and the characteristics of the resulting magnet structure are discussed. The periodic assembly of a storage ring cell with its boundary conditions concerning stability and scaling of the beam optics parameters is addressed as well as special lattice insertions such asdrifts, mini beta sections, dispersion suppressors, etc. In addition to the exact calculation…
A novel approach of accurately reconstructing storage ring's linear optics from turn-by-turn (TbT) data containing measurement error is introduced. This approach adopts a Bayesian inference based on the Markov Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, which is widely used in data-driven discoveries. By assuming a preset accelerator model with unknown parameters, the inference process yields the their posterior distribution. This approach is demonstrated by inferring the linear optics Twiss parameters and their measurement uncertainties using a set of data measured at the National Synchrotron Light S…
I review recent developments in spin dynamics in electron storage rings and accelerators.
The Cornell Electron-positron Storage Ring (CESR) has been converted from a High Energy Physics electron-positron collider to operate as a dedicated synchrotron light source for the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) and to conduct accelerator physics research as a test accelerator, capable of studying topics relevant to future damping rings, colliders and light sources. Some of the specific topics that were targeted for the initial phase of operation of the storage ring in this mode, labeled CesrTA (CESR as a Test Accelerator), included 1) tuning techniques to produce low emittanc…
Contribution of Wiggler to Radiation Integral in an Electron Storage Ring
本文针对电子储存环中wiggler对电子束发射度的量子激发贡献，提出了比文献近似公式更精确的评估结果，对未来光源发展具有重要价值。
The paper arXiv:1308.0735 questions some of the technical assumptions made by the TLEP Steering Group when estimating in arXiv:1305.6498 the power requirement for the very high energy e+e- storage ring collider TLEP. We show that our assumptions are based solidly on CERN experience with LEP and the LHC, as well accelerators elsewhere, and confirm our earlier baseline estimate of the TLEP power consumption.
Accelerator-based light sources such as storage rings and free-electron lasers use relativistic electron beams to produce intense radiation over a wide spectral range for fundamental research in physics, chemistry, materials science, biology and medicine. More than a dozen such sources operate worldwide, and new sources are being built to deliver radiation that meets with the ever increasing sophistication and depth of new research. Even so, conventional accelerator techniques often cannot keep pace with new demands and, thus, new approaches continue to emerge. In this article, we review a var…
The High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HIGS) at Duke University is an accelerator-driven Compton gamma-ray source, providing high flux gamma-ray beam from 1 MeV to 100 MeV for photo-nuclear physics research. The HIGS facility operates three accelerators, a linac pre-injector (0.16 GeV), a booster injector (0.16-1.2 GeV), and an electron storage ring (0.24-1.2 GeV). Because of proximity of the booster injector to the storage ring, the magnetic field of the booster dipoles close to the ring can significantly alter the closed orbit in the storage ring being operated in the low energy region. This t…
A storage ring provides an attractive option for directly measuring the electric dipole moment~(EDM) of charged particles. To reach a sensitivity of 10^-29 e x cm, it is critical to mitigate the systematic errors from all sources. This daunting task is pushing the precision frontier of accelerator science and technology beyond its current state of the art. Here, we present a unique idea of a magnetic dipole moment~(MDM) spin transparent quadrupole that can significantly reduce the systematic errors due to the transverse electric and magnetic fields that particle encounters.
Practical aspects of transverse resonance island buckets at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring: design, control and application
本文提出一种在康奈尔电子储存环6-GeV格架中优化动力学和动量孔径并保持横向共振岛桶（TRIBs）形成条件的新方法，通过降维与优化算法设计旋钮控制TRIBs，并经模拟与实验验证，还提出了单岛驱动方案及应用前景。
Lattice design and experimental studies of nonlinear resonance at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring
本文研究存储环中非线性共振导致的横向共振岛（TRIBs）形成条件，为CESR设计6-GeV晶格并实验验证了TRIBs的存在与旋转，与理论计算一致。
The laser-driven generation of relativistic electron beams in plasma and their acceleration to high energies with GV/m-gradients has been successfully demonstrated. Now, it is time to focus on the application of laser-plasma accelerated (LPA) beams. The "Accelerator Technology HElmholtz iNfrAstructure" (ATHENA) of the Helmholtz Association fosters innovative particle accelerators and high-power laser technology. As part of the ATHENAe pillar several different applications driven by LPAs are to be developed, such as a compact FEL, medical imaging and the first realization of LPA-beam injection …
The Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) currently under commissioning at Fermilab will enable a broad range of beam-based experiments to study fundamental limitations to beam intensity and to develop transformative approaches to particle-beam generation, acceleration and manipulation. ASTA incorporates a superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) linac coupled to a photoinjector and small-circumference storage ring capable of storing electrons or protons. ASTA will establish a unique resource for R&D towards Energy Frontier facilities and a test-bed for SRF accelerators and high-brightn…
The ISR (Intersecting Storage Rings) were two intersecting proton synchrotron rings each with a circumference of 942 m and eight-fold symmetry that were operational for 13 years from 1971 to 1984. The CERN PS injected 26 GeV/c proton beams into the two rings that could accelerate up to 31.4 GeV/c. The ISR worked for physics with beams of 30-40 A over 40-60 hours with luminosities in its superconducting low-β insertion of 1031-1032 cm-2 s-1. The ISR demonstrated the practicality of collider beam physics while catalysing a rapid advance in accelerator technologies and techniques.
Understanding beam and spin dynamics are fundamental in accelerator physics, and there has been growing interest in having more precise estimations of the beam and spin dynamics variables, as more high precision particle physics experiments in the Intensity Frontier appear. The present paper provides analytical estimations of some of the important variables such as beam transverse chromaticities and the spin precession frequency bias in the simplest type of particle accelerator: a circular magnetic storage ring with weak vertical focusing. We attempt to precisely obtain the next order approxim…
During the summer and fall of 2018 the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) is undergoing an upgrade to increase high-energy flux for x-ray users. The upgrade requires replacing one-sixth of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), inverting the polarity of half of the CHESS beam lines, and switching to single-beam on-axis operation. The new sextant is comprised of six double-bend achromats (DBAs) with combined-function dipole-quadrupoles. Although the DBA design is widely utilized and well understood, the constraints for the CESR modifications make the CHESS-U lattice unique. This …
The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) was reconfigured in 2008 as a test accelerator to investigate the physics of ultra-low emittance damping rings. During the approximately 40 days/year available for dedicated operation as a test accelerator, specialized instrumentation is used to measure growth and mitigation of the electron cloud, emittance growth due to electron cloud, intra-beam scattering, and ions, and single and multi-bunch instabilities generated by collective effects. The flexibility of the CESR guide field optics and the integration of accelerator modeling codes with the control…
Different forms of first order spin-orbit motion and their utility in spin matching in electron storage rings
本文通过展开Thomas-BMT方程推导了粒子一阶自旋-轨道运动的不同形式及其关联，并通过重新推导EIC的ESR自旋旋转器匹配条件，证明了特定形式的优势。
The Muon Accelerator Program (MAP) has completed a four-year study on the feasibility of muon colliders and on using stored muon beams for neutrinos. That study was broadly successful in its goals, establishing the feasibility of heavy lepton colliders (HLCs) from the 125 GeV Higgs Factory to more than 10 TeV, as well as exploring using a μ storage ring (MSR) for neutrinos, and establishing that MSRs could provide factory-level intensities of $ν_e (\barν_e)$ and $\barν_μ$ $(ν_μ)$ beams. The key components of the collider and neutrino factory systems were identified. Feasible designs and detail…
Conceptual Design of a Low-Energy Ion Beam Storage Ring and a Recoil Separator to Study Radiative Neutron Capture by Radioactive Ions
本文提出了一种低能离子存储环及回收分离器的概念设计，用于通过离子光学计算和粒子跟踪模拟研究放射性离子的辐射中子捕获反应。
We outline the design of beam experiments for the electron linac at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility and for the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA), based on synchrotron light emitted by the electrons in bend dipoles, detected with gated microchannel-plate photomultipliers (MCP-PMTs). The system can be used both for beam diagnostics (e.g., beam intensity with full dynamic range, turn-by-turn beam vibrations, etc.) and for scientific experiments, such as the direct observation of the time structure of the radiation emitted by single electrons in a storage r…
Analytic formulas for the rapid evaluation of the orbit response matrix and chromatic functions from lattice parameters in circular accelerators
本文针对圆形加速器推导了基于格点参数评估轨道响应矩阵和色散函数的解析公式，通过扩展李代数与共振驱动项至偏离动量状态，大幅提升了数据分析速度，并在不同格点配置下验证了公式的鲁棒性。
The term beta-beam has been coined for the production of a pure beam of electron neutrinos or their antiparticles through the decay of radioactive ions circulating in a storage ring. This concept requires radioactive ions to be accelerated to as high Lorentz gamma as 150. The neutrino source itself consists of a storage ring for this energy range, with long straight sections in line with the experiment(s). Such a decay ring does not exist at CERN today, nor does a high-intensity proton source for the production of the radioactive ions. Nevertheless, the existing CERN accelerator infrastructure…
The operations software group at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility faces a number of challenges common to facilities managing a large body of software developed in-house. Developers include members of the software group, operators, hardware engineers and accelerator physicists. One management problem has been ensuring that all software has an identified maintainer who is still working at the lab. In some cases, locating source code for 'orphaned' software has also proven to be difficult. Other challenges include enforcing minimal standards for versioning and documentation, seg…
After operating as a High Energy Physics electron-positron collider, the Cornell Electron-positron Storage Ring (CESR) has been converted to become a dedicated synchrotron light source for the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). Over the course of several years CESR was adapted for accelerator physics research as a test accelerator, capable of studying topics relevant to future damping rings, colliders and light sources. Initially some specific topics were targeted for accelerator physic research with the storage ring in this mode, labeled CesrTA. These topics included 1) tuning te…
The Cornell Electron-positron Storage Ring (CESR) has been converted from a High Energy Physics electron-positron collider to operate as a dedicated synchrotron light source for the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) and to conduct accelerator physics research as a test accelerator, capable of studying topics relevant to future damping rings, colliders and light sources. Some of the specific topics that were targeted for the initial phase of operation of the storage ring in this mode for CESR as a Test Accelerator (CesrTA) included 1) tuning techniques to produce low emittance beam…
The goal of this manuscript is to give an introduction into the design of the magnet lattice and as a consequence into the transverse dynamics of the particles in a synchrotron or storage ring. Starting from the basic principles of how to design the geometry of the ring we will briefly review the transverse motion of the particles and apply this knowledge to study the layout and optimization of the principal elements, namely the lattice cells. The detailed arrangement of the accelerator magnets within the cells is explained and will be used to calculate well defined and predictable beam parame…
The Beam Loss Monitors (BLM) are designed to measure the position and amount of beam loss in accelerators. In this article, we have studied the 3 GeV electron losses in the storage ring and secondary particles from the losses on the beam pipe. We have compared ionization chamber, NaI and Si radiation detectors as BLM and selected Si detector for further studies. We have calculated electron deflection angle due to magnetic field mismatches in dipole magnets, quadrupoles and sextupoles and assumed that electron beam is deflected and hit the beam pipe with the angle of 3 degrees with respect to t…
The application of machine learning techniques for anomaly detection in particle accelerators has gained popularity in recent years. These efforts have ranged from the analysis of quenches in radio frequency cavities and superconducting magnets to anomalous beam position monitors, and even losses in rings. Using machine learning for anomaly detection can be challenging owing to the inherent imbalance in the amount of data collected during normal operations as compared to during faults. Additionally, the data are not always labeled and therefore supervised learning is not possible. Autoencoders…
Wakefield assisted bunch compression in storage rings
针对储存环中数十皮秒束团限制太赫兹超辐射频谱的问题，本文提出利用无源波纹或介质结构产生的自尾场压缩并整形束团，数值验证了自洽稳态。
Experimental Demonstration of a Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Integrable System in a Particle Accelerator
在费米实验室可积光学测试加速器上，通过插入特殊非线性磁体实现二维非线性可积系统，测量电子束相关参数表征系统，结果与理论相符，还观察到分岔，此研究为粒子加速器设计和粒子束稳定开辟新途径。
In many accelerator storage rings running positively charged beams, ionization of residual gas and secondary electron emission (SEE) in the beam pipe will give rise to an electron cloud which can cause beam blow-up or loss of the circulating beam. A preventative measure that suppresses electron cloud formation is to ensure that the vacuum wall has a low secondary emission yield (SEY). The SEY of thin films of TiN, sputter deposited Non-Evaporable Getters and a novel TiCN alloy were measured under a variety of conditions, including the effect of re-contamination from residual gas.
We present the results of experimental studies on the transverse and longitudinal dynamics of a single electron in the IOTA storage ring. IOTA is a flexible machine dedicated to beam physics experiments with electrons and protons. A method was developed to reliably inject and circulate a controlled number of electrons in the ring. A key beam diagnostic system is the set of sensitive high-resolution digital cameras for the detection of synchrotron light emitted by the electrons. With 60-130 electrons in the machine, we measured beam lifetime and derived an absolute calibration of the optical sy…
Many advanced techniques have been developed, tested and implemented in the last decades in almost all circular accelerators across the world to measure the linear optics. However, the greater availability and accuracy of beam diagnostics and the ever better correction of linear magnetic lattice imperfections (beta beating at 1% level and coupling at 0.1%) are reaching what seems to be the intrinsic accuracy and precision of different measurement techniques. This paper aims to highlight and quantify, when possible, the limitations of one standard method, the harmonic analysis of turn-by-turn b…
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