Recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence have been made possible by deep neural networks. In applications where data are scarce, transfer learning and data augmentation techniques are commonly used to improve the generalization of deep learning models. However, fine-tuning a transfer model with data augmentation in the raw input space has a high computational cost to run the full network for every augmented input. This is particularly critical when large models are implemented on embedded devices with limited computational and energy resources. In this work, we propose a method that replaces the augmentation in the raw input space with an approximate one that acts purely in the embedding space. Our experimental results show that the proposed method drastically reduces the computation, while the accuracy of models is negligibly compromised.
Instituto de Telecomunicações（电信研究所）；Universidade da Beira Interior（贝拉内格罗大学）
Lifelong learning aims to develop machine learning systems that can learn new tasks while preserving the performance on previous learned tasks. In this paper we present a method to overcome catastrophic forgetting on convolutional neural networks, that learns new tasks and preserves the performance on old tasks without accessing the data of the original model, by selective network augmentation. The experiment results showed that SeNA-CNN, in some scenarios, outperforms the state-of-art Learning without Forgetting algorithm. Results also showed that in some situations it is better to use SeNA-C…
Tarbiat Modares University（塔比阿特莫达雷斯大学）；NRP company（NRP公司）；University of Warwick（华威大学）；University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学）
Computer-aided diagnosis systems for classification of different type of skin lesions have been an active field of research in recent decades. It has been shown that introducing lesions and their attributes masks into lesion classification pipeline can greatly improve the performance. In this paper, we propose a framework by incorporating transfer learning for segmenting lesions and their attributes based on the convolutional neural networks. The proposed framework is based on the encoder-decoder architecture which utilizes a variety of pre-trained networks in the encoding path and generates t…
In few-shot classification, the primary goal is to learn representations from a few samples that generalize well for novel classes. In this paper, we propose an efficient low displacement rank (LDR) regularization strategy termed Ortho-Shot; a technique that imposes orthogonal regularization on the convolutional layers of a few-shot classifier, which is based on the doubly-block toeplitz (DBT) matrix structure. The regularized convolutional layers of the few-shot classifier enhances model generalization and intra-class feature embeddings that are crucial for few-shot learning. Overfitting is a…
To protect tropical forest biodiversity, we need to be able to detect it reliably, cheaply, and at scale. Automated species detection from passively recorded soundscapes via machine-learning approaches is a promising technique towards this goal, but it is constrained by the necessity of large training data sets. Using soundscapes from a tropical forest in Borneo and a Convolutional Neural Network model (CNN) created with transfer learning, we investigate i) the minimum viable training data set size for accurate prediction of call types ('sonotypes'), and ii) the extent to which data augmentati…
Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC)（巴塞罗那超级计算中心）；IBM T.J. Watson（IBM T.J.沃森研究中心）
Transfer learning for feature extraction can be used to exploit deep representations in contexts where there is very few training data, where there are limited computational resources, or when tuning the hyper-parameters needed for training is not an option. While previous contributions to feature extraction propose embeddings based on a single layer of the network, in this paper we propose a full-network embedding which successfully integrates convolutional and fully connected features, coming from all layers of a deep convolutional neural network. To do so, the embedding normalizes features …
Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for the Detection of Pathologies Related to Lung Cancer through Image Analysis using Convolutional Neural Networks and Data Augmentation: a systematic mapping of the literature
Practical sequence classification tasks in natural language processing often suffer from low training data availability for target classes. Recent works towards mitigating this problem have focused on transfer learning using embeddings pre-trained on often unrelated tasks, for instance, language modeling. We adopt an alternative approach by transfer learning on an ensemble of related tasks using prototypical networks under the meta-learning paradigm. Using intent classification as a case study, we demonstrate that increasing variability in training tasks can significantly improve classificatio…
Boosting Convolutional Neural Networks' Protein Binding Site Prediction Capacity Using SE(3)-invariant transformers, Transfer Learning and Homology-based Augmentation
Recent enhancements of deep convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) empowered by enormous amounts of labeled data have closed the gap with human performance for many object recognition tasks. These impressive results have generated interest in understanding and visualization of ConvNets. In this work, we study the effect of background in the task of image classification. Our results show that changing the backgrounds of the training datasets can have drastic effects on testing accuracies. Furthermore, we enhance existing augmentation techniques with the foreground segmented objects. The findi…
Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück（奥斯纳布吕克大学认知科学研究所）
Data augmentation is a popular technique largely used to enhance the training of convolutional neural networks. Although many of its benefits are well known by deep learning researchers and practitioners, its implicit regularization effects, as compared to popular explicit regularization techniques, such as weight decay and dropout, remain largely unstudied. As a matter of fact, convolutional neural networks for image object classification are typically trained with both data augmentation and explicit regularization, assuming the benefits of all techniques are complementary. In this paper, we …
We study how effective data augmentation is at capturing the inductive bias of carefully designed network architectures for spatial translation invariance. We evaluate various image classification architectures (antialiased, convolutional, vision transformer, and fully connected MLP networks) and data augmentation techniques towards generalization to large translation shifts. We observe that: (a) without data augmentation, all architectures, including convolutional networks with antialiased modification suffer some degradation in performance when evaluated on translated test distributions. Und…
Harrisburg University of Science and Technology（哈里斯堡科技大学）
Medical image datasets are usually imbalanced, due to the high costs of obtaining the data and time-consuming annotations. Training deep neural network models on such datasets to accurately classify the medical condition does not yield desired results and often over-fits the data on majority class samples. In order to address this issue, data augmentation is often performed on training data by position augmentation techniques such as scaling, cropping, flipping, padding, rotation, translation, affine transformation, and color augmentation techniques such as brightness, contrast, saturation, an…
According to the World Health Organization, distracted driving is one of the leading cause of motor accidents and deaths in the world. In our study, we tackle the problem of distracted driving by aiming to build a robust multi-class classifier to detect and identify different forms of driver inattention using the State Farm Distracted Driving Dataset. We utilize combinations of pretrained image classification models, classical data augmentation, OpenCV based image preprocessing and skin segmentation augmentation approaches. Our best performing model combines several augmentation techniques, in…
In many fields of research, labeled datasets are hard to acquire. This is where data augmentation promises to overcome the lack of training data in the context of neural network engineering and classification tasks. The idea here is to reduce model over-fitting to the feature distribution of a small under-descriptive training dataset. We try to evaluate such data augmentation techniques to gather insights in the performance boost they provide for several convolutional neural networks on mel-spectrogram representations of audio data. We show the impact of data augmentation on the binary classif…
University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学）；Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ. München（慕尼黑大学）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Schön Klinik München Schwabing（慕尼黑施瓦宾 Schön 医院）
While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to many challenging classification applications, they typically require large datasets for training. When the availability of labeled data is limited, data augmentation is a critical preprocessing step for CNNs. However, data augmentation for wearable sensor data has not been deeply investigated yet. In this paper, various data augmentation methods for wearable sensor data are proposed. The proposed methods and CNNs are applied to the classification of the motor state of Parkinson's Disease patients, which is challenging…
Samsung AI Center Moscow（三星莫斯科人工智能中心）；Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)（洛桑瑞士联邦理工学院（EPFL））；National Research University Higher School of Economics（国立研究型大学高等经济学院）
Averaging predictions over a set of models -- an ensemble -- is widely used to improve predictive performance and uncertainty estimation of deep learning models. At the same time, many machine learning systems, such as search, matching, and recommendation systems, heavily rely on embeddings. Unfortunately, due to misalignment of features of independently trained models, embeddings, cannot be improved with a naive deep ensemble like approach. In this work, we look at the ensembling of representations and propose mean embeddings with test-time augmentation (MeTTA) simple yet well-performing reci…
King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）
Automatic brain tumor segmentation plays an important role for diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment assessment of brain tumors. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used for this task. Due to the relatively small data set for training, data augmentation at training time has been commonly used for better performance of CNNs. Recent works also demonstrated the usefulness of using augmentation at test time, in addition to training time, for achieving more robust predictions. We investigate how test-time augmentation can improve CNNs' performance for brain tumor segment…
Learning the distance metric between pairs of samples has been studied for image retrieval and clustering. With the remarkable success of pair-based metric learning losses, recent works have proposed the use of generated synthetic points on metric learning losses for augmentation and generalization. However, these methods require additional generative networks along with the main network, which can lead to a larger model size, slower training speed, and harder optimization. Meanwhile, post-processing techniques, such as query expansion and database augmentation, have proposed the combination o…
The ability of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) to learn discriminative spectro-temporal patterns makes them well suited to environmental sound classification. However, the relative scarcity of labeled data has impeded the exploitation of this family of high-capacity models. This study has two primary contributions: first, we propose a deep convolutional neural network architecture for environmental sound classification. Second, we propose the use of audio data augmentation for overcoming the problem of data scarcity and explore the influence of different augmentations on the performan…
Silesian University of Technology（西里西亚工业大学）；KP Labs（KP实验室）
Hyperspectral imaging provides detailed information about the scanned objects, as it captures their spectral characteristics within a large number of wavelength bands. Classification of such data has become an active research topic due to its wide applicability in a variety of fields. Deep learning has established the state of the art in the area, and it constitutes the current research mainstream. In this letter, we introduce a new spectral-spatial convolutional neural network, benefitting from a battery of data augmentation techniques which help deal with a real-life problem of lacking groun…
Universidade Federal Fluminense（弗鲁米嫩塞联邦大学）；Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto（佩德罗·埃内斯托大学医院）；Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro（里约热内卢州立大学）
Skin cancer is a major public health problem, as is the most common type of cancer and represents more than half of cancer diagnoses worldwide. Early detection influences the outcome of the disease and motivates our work. We investigate the composition of CNN committees and data augmentation for the the ISBI 2017 Melanoma Classification Challenge (named Skin Lesion Analysis towards Melanoma Detection) facing the peculiarities of dealing with such a small, unbalanced, biological database. For that, we explore committees of Convolutional Neural Networks trained over the ISBI challenge training d…
Convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) are the actual standard for image recognizement and classification. On the present work we develop a Computer Aided-Diagnosis (CAD) system using ConvNets to classify a x-rays chest images dataset in two groups: Normal and Pneumonia. The study uses ConvNets models available on the PyTorch platform: AlexNet, SqueezeNet, ResNet and Inception. We initially use three training styles: complete from scratch using random initialization, using a pre-trained ImageNet model training only the last layer adapted to our problem (transfer learning) and a pre-trained m…
a Division of Medical Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering b Division of Statistics \& Machine Learning, Department of Computer；Information Science c Center for Medical Image Science；Visualization (CMIV) \ \" o ping University, Sweden
Classifying subjects as healthy or diseased using neuroimaging data has gained a lot of attention during the last 10 years. Here we apply deep learning to derivatives from resting state fMRI data, and investigate how different 3D augmentation techniques affect the test accuracy. Specifically, we use resting state derivatives from 1,112 subjects in ABIDE preprocessed to train a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) to perform the classification. Our results show that augmentation only provide minor improvements to the test accuracy.
Dali University（大理大学）；Liuzhou Vocational & Technical College（柳州职业技术学院）；The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University（中南大学湘雅二医院）；Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer（湖南省肺癌早期诊断与精准治疗重点实验室）；Early-Stage Lung Cancer Center（早期肺癌中心）
Detection of pulmonary nodules by CT is used for screening lung cancer in early stages.omputer aided diagnosis (CAD) based on deep-learning method can identify the suspected areas of pulmonary nodules in CT images, thus improving the accuracy and efficiency of CT diagnosis. The accuracy and robustness of deep learning models. Method:In this paper, we explore (1) the data augmentation method based on the generation model and (2) the model structure improvement method based on the embedding mechanism. Two strategies have been introduced in this study: a new data augmentation method and a embeddi…
Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona（赫罗纳大学高等理工学院）
Fully automatic detection of skin lesions in dermatoscopic images can facilitate early diagnosis and repression of malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Although convolutional neural networks are a powerful solution, they are limited by the illumination spectrum of annotated dermatoscopic screening images, where color is an important discriminative feature. In this paper, we propose an adaptive color augmentation technique to amplify data expression and model performance, while regulating color difference and saturation to minimize the risks of using synthetic data. Through deep vis…
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）
In this paper, we propose a novel data augmentation strategy named Cut-Thumbnail, that aims to improve the shape bias of the network. We reduce an image to a certain size and replace the random region of the original image with the reduced image. The generated image not only retains most of the original image information but also has global information in the reduced image. We call the reduced image as thumbnail. Furthermore, we find that the idea of thumbnail can be perfectly integrated with Mixed Sample Data Augmentation, so we put one image's thumbnail on another image while the ground trut…
Self-supervised learning aims to learn a embedding space where semantically similar samples are close. Contrastive learning methods pull views of samples together and push different samples away, which utilizes semantic invariance of augmentation but ignores the relationship between samples. To better exploit the power of augmentation, we observe that semantically similar samples are more likely to have similar augmented views. Therefore, we can take the augmented views as a special description of a sample. In this paper, we model such a description as the augmentation distribution and we call…
AIDA Research Group（AIDA研究小组）；T-Systems on site services GmbH（T-Systems现场服务有限公司）
Image augmentation is a widely used technique to improve the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In common image shifting, cropping, flipping, shearing and rotating are used for augmentation. But there are more advanced techniques like Cutout and SamplePairing. In this work we present two improvements of the state-of-the-art Cutout and SamplePairing techniques. Our new method called Copyout takes a square patch of another random training image and copies it onto a random location of each image used for training. The second technique we discovered is called CopyPairing. It comb…
Defence Science and Technology（国防科学与技术组织）；Australian Defence Force（澳大利亚国防军）；University of South Australia（南澳大利亚大学）
In this paper we investigate the benefit of augmenting data with synthetically created samples when training a machine learning classifier. Two approaches for creating additional training samples are data warping, which generates additional samples through transformations applied in the data-space, and synthetic over-sampling, which creates additional samples in feature-space. We experimentally evaluate the benefits of data augmentation for a convolutional backpropagation-trained neural network, a convolutional support vector machine and a convolutional extreme learning machine classifier, usi…
University College London（伦敦大学学院）；King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；University Hospitals Leuven（鲁汶大学医院）；Institute for Women’s Health（妇女健康研究所）
Despite the state-of-the-art performance for medical image segmentation, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have rarely provided uncertainty estimations regarding their segmentation outputs, e.g., model (epistemic) and image-based (aleatoric) uncertainties. In this work, we analyze these different types of uncertainties for CNN-based 2D and 3D medical image segmentation tasks. We additionally propose a test-time augmentation-based aleatoric uncertainty to analyze the effect of different transformations of the input image on the segmentation output. Test-time augmentation has been previo…
This article presents an efficient way to produce feature-rich, high-dimensionality embedding spaces from real-life images. The features produced are designed to be independent from augmentations used in real-life cases which appear on social media. Our approach uses convolutional neural networks (CNN) to produce an embedding space. An ArcFace head was used to train the model by employing automatically produced augmentations. Additionally, we present a way to make an ensemble out of different embeddings containing the same semantic information, a way to normalize the resulting embedding using …
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are commonly assumed to be invariant to small image transformations: either because of the convolutional architecture or because they were trained using data augmentation. Recently, several authors have shown that this is not the case: small translations or rescalings of the input image can drastically change the network's prediction. In this paper, we quantify this phenomena and ask why neither the convolutional architecture nor data augmentation are sufficient to achieve the desired invariance. Specifically, we show that the convolutional architecture doe…
University of Bucharest（布加勒斯特大学）；SecurifAI；Romanian Young Academy（罗马尼亚青年科学院）
Recent studies revealed that convolutional neural networks do not generalize well to small image transformations, e.g. rotations by a few degrees or translations of a few pixels. To improve the robustness to such transformations, we propose to introduce data augmentation at intermediate layers of the neural architecture, in addition to the common data augmentation applied on the input images. By introducing small perturbations to activation maps (features) at various levels, we develop the capacity of the neural network to cope with such transformations. We conduct experiments on three image c…
University of Osnabrück（奥斯纳布吕克大学）；MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学MRC认知与脑科学组）
Deep convolutional neural networks trained for image object categorization have shown remarkable similarities with representations found across the primate ventral visual stream. Yet, artificial and biological networks still exhibit important differences. Here we investigate one such property: increasing invariance to identity-preserving image transformations found along the ventral stream. Despite theoretical evidence that invariance should emerge naturally from the optimization process, we present empirical evidence that the activations of convolutional neural networks trained for object cat…
Radboud University Medical Center（拉德堡德大学医学中心）；Linköping University（林雪平大学）
Stain variation is a phenomenon observed when distinct pathology laboratories stain tissue slides that exhibit similar but not identical color appearance. Due to this color shift between laboratories, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained with images from one lab often underperform on unseen images from the other lab. Several techniques have been proposed to reduce the generalization error, mainly grouped into two categories: stain color augmentation and stain color normalization. The former simulates a wide variety of realistic stain variations during training, producing stain-invarian…
Revisiting Data Augmentation for Rotational Invariance in Convolutional Neural Networks
Instituto de Investigación en Informática LIDI, Facultad de Informática, Universidad Nacional de La Plata（拉普拉塔国立大学信息学院LIDI信息学研究所）；Universitat Rovira i Virgili（罗维拉-依维尔基里大学）
Re-mixing Embeddings for Patient Augmentation in Data Scarce Multiple Instance Learning
Computational Health Center & Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Munich（计算健康中心与亥姆霍兹AI，亥姆霍兹慕尼黑）；Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technical University of Munich（计算机辅助医疗程序，慕尼黑工业大学）；Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML)（慕尼黑机器学习中心）；Department of Medicine III, Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital（路德维希·马克西米利安大学医院第三内科）；Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München（慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学物理系）；DKTK, German Cancer Consortium, partner site Munich（德国癌症联盟DKTK，慕尼黑合作站点）
University of Essex（埃塞克斯大学）；University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）
Weather conditions often disrupt the proper functioning of transportation systems. Present systems either deploy an array of sensors or use an in-vehicle camera to predict weather conditions. These solutions have resulted in incremental cost and limited scope. To ensure smooth operation of all transportation services in all-weather conditions, a reliable detection system is necessary to classify weather in wild. The challenges involved in solving this problem is that weather conditions are diverse in nature and there is an absence of discriminate features among various weather conditions. The …
University of Granada（格拉纳达大学）；Technical University of Denmark (DTU)（丹麦技术大学）；Virginia Commonwealth University（弗吉尼亚联邦大学）
The recognition of coral species based on underwater texture images pose a significant difficulty for machine learning algorithms, due to the three following challenges embedded in the nature of this data: 1) datasets do not include information about the global structure of the coral; 2) several species of coral have very similar characteristics; and 3) defining the spatial borders between classes is difficult as many corals tend to appear together in groups. For this reason, the classification of coral species has always required an aid from a domain expert. The objective of this paper is to …
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；Kennesaw State University（肯尼索州立大学）
The crossMoDA challenge aims to automatically segment the vestibular schwannoma (VS) tumor and cochlea regions of unlabeled high-resolution T2 scans by leveraging labeled contrast-enhanced T1 scans. The 2022 edition extends the segmentation task by including multi-institutional scans. In this work, we proposed an unpaired cross-modality segmentation framework using data augmentation and hybrid convolutional networks. Considering heterogeneous distributions and various image sizes for multi-institutional scans, we apply the min-max normalization for scaling the intensities of all scans between …
Developing consistently well performing visual recognition applications based on convolutional neural networks, e.g. for autonomous driving, is very challenging. One of the obstacles during the development is the opaqueness of their cognitive behaviour. A considerable amount of literature has been published which describes irrational behaviour of trained CNNs showcasing gaps in their cognition. In this paper, a methodology is presented that creates worstcase images using image augmentation techniques. If the CNN's cognitive performance on such images is weak while the augmentation techniques a…
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)（SickKids 儿童医院（病童医院））；Sinai Health System（西奈卫生系统）；University Health Network（大学健康网络）；Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute（卢嫩菲尔德-塔南鲍姆研究所）；Sunnybrook Research Institute（桑尼布鲁克研究所）
Data augmentation refers to a group of techniques whose goal is to battle limited amount of available data to improve model generalization and push sample distribution toward the true distribution. While different augmentation strategies and their combinations have been investigated for various computer vision tasks in the context of deep learning, a specific work in the domain of medical imaging is rare and to the best of our knowledge, there has been no dedicated work on exploring the effects of various augmentation methods on the performance of deep learning models in prostate cancer detect…
University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Brigham and Women's Hospital（布莱根妇女医院）；Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）；Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院）；Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT（哈佛-麻省理工博德研究所）；Dana-Farber Cancer Institute（达纳-法伯癌症研究所）；University of Warwick（华威大学）；University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust（考文垂与沃里克郡国民保健服务信托大学医院）；The Alan Turing Institute（艾伦·图灵研究所）
Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a widely employed framework for learning on gigapixel whole-slide images (WSIs) from WSI-level annotations. In most MIL based analytical pipelines for WSI-level analysis, the WSIs are often divided into patches and deep features for patches (i.e., patch embeddings) are extracted prior to training to reduce the overall computational cost and cope with the GPUs' limited RAM. To overcome this limitation, we present EmbAugmenter, a data augmentation generative adversarial network (DA-GAN) that can synthesize data augmentations in the embedding space rather than …
In recognition-based action interaction, robots' responses to human actions are often pre-designed according to recognized categories and thus stiff. In this paper, we specify a new Interactive Action Translation (IAT) task which aims to learn end-to-end action interaction from unlabeled interactive pairs, removing explicit action recognition. To enable learning on small-scale data, we propose a Paired-Embedding (PE) method for effective and reliable data augmentation. Specifically, our method first utilizes paired relationships to cluster individual actions in an embedding space. Then two act…
Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT)（安全信息技术中心（CSIT））；Queen’s University Belfast（贝尔法斯特女王大学）
In this paper we study data augmentation for opcode sequence based Android malware detection. Data augmentation has been successfully used in many areas of deep-learning to significantly improve model performance. Typically, data augmentation simulates realistic variations in data to increase the apparent diversity of the training-set. However, for opcode-based malware analysis it is not immediately clear how to apply data augmentation. Hence we first study the use of fixed transformations, then progress to adaptive methods. We propose a novel data augmentation method -- Self-Embedding Languag…
Image Captioning, or the automatic generation of descriptions for images, is one of the core problems in Computer Vision and has seen considerable progress using Deep Learning Techniques. We propose to use Inception-ResNet Convolutional Neural Network as encoder to extract features from images, Hierarchical Context based Word Embeddings for word representations and a Deep Stacked Long Short Term Memory network as decoder, in addition to using Image Data Augmentation to avoid over-fitting. For data Augmentation, we use Horizontal and Vertical Flipping in addition to Perspective Transformations …
University of Missouri（密苏里大学）；Sony Electronics Inc（索尼电子公司）
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have demon- strated its successful applications in computer vision, speech recognition, and natural language processing. For object recog- nition, CNNs might be limited by its strict label requirement and an implicit assumption that images are supposed to be target- object-dominated for optimal solutions. However, the labeling procedure, necessitating laying out the locations of target ob- jects, is very tedious, making high-quality large-scale dataset prohibitively expensive. Data augmentation schemes are widely used when deep networks suffer the insufficie…
Key-Exchange Convolutional Auto-Encoder for Data Augmentation in Early Knee Osteoarthritis Detection
Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院）；Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）；University Sorbonne Paris Nord（巴黎北部索邦大学）；Jiangsu Institute of Hematology（江苏血液学研究所）；The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University（苏州大学附属第一医院）；Henan University of Chinese Medicine（河南中医药大学）；German Cancer Research Center（德国癌症研究中心）；Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging（阿西努拉·A.马蒂诺斯生物医学成像中心）；Geneva University Hospital（日内瓦大学医院）；IDP Institute（IDP研究所）；University of Orleans（奥尔良大学）
CLIP-PAE: Projection-Augmentation Embedding to Extract Relevant Features for a Disentangled, Interpretable, and Controllable Text-Guided Face Manipulation
Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto（多伦多大学医学科学研究所）；The Hospital for Sick Children（病童医院）；University Health Network（大学健康网络）；Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto（多伦多大学机械与工业工程系）
Successful training of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) requires a substantial amount of data. With small datasets networks generalize poorly. Data Augmentation techniques improve the generalizability of neural networks by using existing training data more effectively. Standard data augmentation methods, however, produce limited plausible alternative data. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been utilized to generate new data and improve the performance of CNNs. Nevertheless, data augmentation techniques for training GANs are under-explored compared to CNNs. In this work, we propos…
