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arXiv 2002.04242cs.ROcs.AIcs.HC
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机器人操作中人助避故障的注意转移模型

An Attention Transfer Model for Human-Assisted Failure Avoidance in Robot Manipulations

Kent State University(肯特州立大学)

Boyi Song, Yuntao Peng, Ruijiao Luo, Rui Liu

摘要:

由于现实世界的动态性和硬件的不确定性,机器人不可避免地会在任务执行中失败,导致不期望的甚至危险的执行。为了避免故障并提高机器人性能,在早期阶段识别和纠正异常机器人执行至关重要。然而,由于有限的推理能力和知识存储,它是具有挑战性的机器人自我诊断和纠正自己的异常在规划和执行。为了提高机器人的自诊断能力,提出了一种新的人-机器人注意转移(\textit{\textbf{H2R-AT}})方法,利用人的指令识别机器人的操作错误。\textit{\textbf{H2R-AT}}是将注意力映射机制融合到一种新的层叠式神经网络模型中,将人类的言语注意力转化为机器人的视觉注意力。通过注意力转移,机器人理解\textit{what}和\textit{where}人类关注的是识别和纠正异常操作。两个代表性的任务场景:“在厨房里为一个人供水”和"在工厂里拿起一个有缺陷的齿轮”被设计在一个具有异常机器人操作的模拟框架CRAIhri中; $252$志愿者被招募来提供大约12000个口头提醒来学习和测试\textit{\textbf{H2R-AT}}。通过$73.68\%$在转移注意力方面的高准确性和$66.86\%$在避免抓取失败方面的高准确性验证了该方法的有效性。

英文摘要:

Due to real-world dynamics and hardware uncertainty, robots inevitably fail in task executions, resulting in undesired or even dangerous executions. In order to avoid failures and improve robot performance, it is critical to identify and correct abnormal robot executions at an early stage. However, due to limited reasoning capability and knowledge storage, it is challenging for robots to self-diagnose and -correct their own abnormality in both planning and executing. To improve robot self diagnosis capability, in this research a novel human-to-robot attention transfer (\textit{\textbf{H2R-AT}}) method was developed to identify robot manipulation errors by leveraging human instructions. \textit{\textbf{H2R-AT}} was developed by fusing attention mapping mechanism into a novel stacked neural networks model, transferring human verbal attention into robot visual attention. With the attention transfer, a robot understands \textit{what} and \textit{where} human concerns are to identify and correct abnormal manipulations. Two representative task scenarios: ``serve water for a human in a kitchen" and ``pick up a defective gear in a factory" were designed in a simulation framework CRAIhri with abnormal robot manipulations; and $252$ volunteers were recruited to provide about 12000 verbal reminders to learn and test \textit{\textbf{H2R-AT}}. The method effectiveness was validated by the high accuracy of $73.68\%$ in transferring attention, and the high accuracy of $66.86\%$ in avoiding grasping failures.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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