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arXiv 2002.03981hep-ph
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额外维度对量子电动力学中有效电荷和β函数的影响

Implications of extra dimensions on the effective charge and the beta function in quantum electrodynamics

E. Martínez-Pascual, G. Nápoles-Cañedo, H. Novales-Sánchez, A. Sierra-Martínez, J. J. Toscano

摘要:

在额外一维量子电动力学的背景下,对光子自能、费米子自能和费米子顶点函数在一个回路上进行了全面的分析。在以无限多个卡鲁扎-克莱因场为特征的5维理论中,单圈振幅既包括离散的和,也包括连续的和,$\sum^\infty_{n=1}\int d^4k$,它可以发散。使用维正则化,我们表示这样的总和作为产品的伽玛和爱泼斯坦功能,都定义在复杂的平面上,与发散所产生的极点,这些功能的极限为$ D \to 4$。利用Epstein函数的分析性质,我们证明了由Kaluza-Klein和产生的紫外发散可以一致地重整化,这意味着相应的重整化量在非常大的紧化尺度$R^{-1}$的极限下约化为通常的QED量.在单圈水平上研究了QED的主要特征。我们使用质量相关的$μ$ -计划计算,在QED与任意数量的额外维度$n$,满足所有期望的物理要求的beta函数。我们认为,在这种类型的理论,与一个大的质量谱覆盖了很宽的能量范围内,β函数不应该使用质量无关的重整化方案计算。我们证明了对任何能量$μ$,β函数都是有限的.特别是,它减少到通常的QED结果$e^3/12π^2$为$m\ll μ\ll R^{-1}$和消失的$m\gg μ$,与$m$通常的费米子质量。在整个工作中,去耦性质的Epstein函数的分析性质得到的所有结果的强调。

英文摘要:

A comprehensive analysis on the photon self-energy, the fermion self-energy, and the fermion vertex function is presented at one loop in the context of quantum electrodynamics (QED) with 1 extra dimension. In 5-dimensional theories, characterized by an infinite number of Kaluza-Klein fields, one-loop amplitudes involve discrete as well as continuous sums, $\sum^\infty_{n=1}\int d^4k$, that could diverge. Using dimensional regularization, we express such sums as products of gamma and Epstein functions, both defined on the complex plane, with divergences arising from poles of these functions in the limit as $ D \to 4$. Using the analytical properties of the Epstein function, we show that the ultraviolet divergences generated by the Kaluza-Klein sums can be consistently renormalized, which means that the corresponding renormalized quantities reduce to the usual ones of QED at the limit of a very large compactification scale $R^{-1}$. The main features of QED at the one-loop level were studied. We use the mass-dependent $μ$-scheme to calculate, in QED with an arbitrary number $n$ of extra dimensions, a beta function fulfilling all desirable physical requirements. We argue that in this type of theories, with a large mass spectrum covering a wide energy range, beta functions should not be calculated by using mass-independent renormalization schemes. We show that the beta function is finite for any energy $μ$. In particular, it reduces to the usual QED result $e^3/12π^2$ for $m\ll μ\ll R^{-1}$ and vanishes for $m\gg μ$, with $m$ the usual fermion mass. Throughout the work, the decoupling nature of all our results obtained from the analytical properties of the Epstein function is stressed.

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