Local Facial Attribute Transfer through Inpainting
Fraunhofer ITWM（弗劳恩霍夫工业数学研究所）；IWR, University of Heidelberg（海德堡大学交互计算与可视化研究所）；Fraunhofer Center Machine Learning（弗劳恩霍夫机器学习中心）；Institute for Machine Learning and Analytics, Offenburg University（奥芬堡大学机器学习与分析研究所）
The term attribute transfer refers to the tasks of altering images in such a way, that the semantic interpretation of a given input image is shifted towards an intended direction, which is quantified by semantic attributes. Prominent example applications are photo realistic changes of facial features and expressions, like changing the hair color, adding a smile, enlarging the nose or altering the entire context of a scene, like transforming a summer landscape into a winter panorama. Recent advances in attribute transfer are mostly based on generative deep neural networks, using various techniques to manipulate images in the latent space of the generator.
In this paper, we present a novel method for the common sub-task of local attribute transfers, where only parts of a face have to be altered in order to achieve semantic changes (e.g. removing a mustache). In contrast to previous methods, where such local changes have been implemented by generating new (global) images, we propose to formulate local attribute transfers as an inpainting problem. Removing and regenerating only parts of images, our Attribute Transfer Inpainting Generative Adversarial Network (ATI-GAN) is able to utilize local context information to focus on the attributes while keeping the background unmodified resulting in visually sound results.
Image inpainting is an old problem in computer vision that restores occluded regions and completes damaged images. In the case of facial image inpainting, most of the methods generate only one result for each masked image, even though there are other reasonable possibilities. To prevent any potential biases and unnatural constraints stemming from generating only one image, we propose a novel framework for diverse facial inpainting exploiting the embedding space of StyleGAN. Our framework employs pSp encoder and SeFa algorithm to identify semantic components of the StyleGAN embeddings and feed …
Manchester Metropolitan University（曼彻斯特城市大学）；Image Metrics Ltd（Image Metrics有限公司）
The state-of-the-art facial image inpainting methods achieved promising results but face realism preservation remains a challenge. This is due to limitations such as; failures in preserving edges and blurry artefacts. To overcome these limitations, we propose a Symmetric Skip Connection Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (S-WGAN) for high-resolution facial image inpainting. The architecture is an encoder-decoder with convolutional blocks, linked by skip connections. The encoder is a feature extractor that captures data abstractions of an input image to learn an end-to-end mapping from …
Manchester Metropolitan University（曼彻斯特城市大学）；Image Metrics Ltd（Image Metrics 公司）
Facial image inpainting, with high-fidelity preservation for image realism, is a very challenging task. This is due to the subtle texture in key facial features (component) that are not easily transferable. Many image inpainting techniques have been proposed with outstanding capabilities and high quantitative performances recorded. However, with facial inpainting, the features are more conspicuous and the visual quality of the blended inpainted regions are more important qualitatively. Based on these facts, we design a foreground-guided facial inpainting framework that can extract and generate…
Image inpainting is a technique of completing missing pixels such as occluded region restoration, distracting objects removal, and facial completion. Among these inpainting tasks, facial completion algorithm performs face inpainting according to the user direction. Existing approaches require delicate and well controlled input by the user, thus it is difficult for an average user to provide the guidance sufficiently accurate for the algorithm to generate desired results. To overcome this limitation, we propose an alternative user-guided inpainting architecture that manipulates facial attribute…
Ankara University（安卡拉大学）；Hacettepe University（哈杰泰佩大学）
Facial image inpainting is a challenging problem as it requires generating new pixels that include semantic information for masked key components in a face, e.g., eyes and nose. Recently, remarkable methods have been proposed in this field. Most of these approaches use encoder-decoder architectures and have different limitations such as allowing unique results for a given image and a particular mask. Alternatively, some optimization-based approaches generate promising results using different masks with generator networks. However, these approaches are computationally more expensive. In this pa…
FaceCom: Towards High-fidelity 3D Facial Shape Completion via Optimization and Inpainting Guidance
Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；Southwest University（西南大学）；Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology（北京大学口腔医学院）；State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems（虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室）
DreamMix: Decoupling Object Attributes for Enhanced Editability in Customized Image Inpainting
Information and Communication Engineering（信息与通信工程）；Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学）；ZMO.AI Inc.（ZMO.AI公司）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）
Our task is to remove all facial parts (e.g., eyebrows, eyes, mouth and nose), and then impose visual elements onto the ``blank'' face for augmented reality. Conventional object removal methods rely on image inpainting techniques (e.g., EdgeConnect, HiFill) that are trained in a self-supervised manner with randomly manipulated image pairs. Specifically, given a set of natural images, randomly masked images are used as inputs and the raw images are treated as ground truths. Whereas, this technique does not satisfy the requirements of facial parts removal, as it is hard to obtain ``ground-truth'…
Controllable Localized Face Anonymization Via Diffusion Inpainting
Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS)（机器视觉与信号分析中心）；University of Oulu（奥卢大学）；ELLIS Institute Finland（芬兰ELLIS研究所）；The Machine Learning Group（机器学习小组）；UiT The Arctic University of Norway（挪威北冰洋大学）
In this paper, we address the problem of degradation in inpainting quality of neural networks operating at high resolutions. Inpainting networks are often unable to generate globally coherent structures at resolutions higher than their training set. This is partially attributed to the receptive field remaining static, despite an increase in image resolution. Although downscaling the image prior to inpainting produces coherent structure, it inherently lacks detail present at higher resolutions. To get the best of both worlds, we optimize the intermediate featuremaps of a network by minimizing a…
Image inpainting aims at restoring missing region of corrupted images, which has many applications such as image restoration and object removal. However, current GAN-based inpainting models fail to explicitly consider the semantic consistency between restored images and original images. Forexample, given a male image with image region of one eye missing, current models may restore it with a female eye. This is due to the ambiguity of GAN-based inpainting models: these models can generate many possible restorations given a missing region. To address this limitation, our key insight is that sema…
Facial expression analysis in the wild is challenging when the facial image is with low resolution or partial occlusion. Considering the correlations among different facial local regions under different facial expressions, this paper proposes a novel facial expression restoration method based on generative adversarial network by integrating an improved graph convolutional network (IGCN) and region relation modeling block (RRMB). Unlike conventional graph convolutional networks taking vectors as input features, IGCN can use tensors of face patches as inputs. It is better to retain the structure…
Fraunhofer ITWM（弗劳恩霍夫工业数学研究所）；IWR, University of Heidelberg（海德堡大学科学计算跨学科中心）；Manchester Metropolitan University（曼彻斯特城市大学）；IMLA, Offenburg University（奥芬堡大学机器学习与分析研究所）
Facial image manipulation is a generation task where the output face is shifted towards an intended target direction in terms of facial attribute and styles. Recent works have achieved great success in various editing techniques such as style transfer and attribute translation. However, current approaches are either focusing on pure style transfer, or on the translation of predefined sets of attributes with restricted interactivity. To address this issue, we propose FacialGAN, a novel framework enabling simultaneous rich style transfers and interactive facial attributes manipulation. While pre…
Object removal and image inpainting in facial images is a task in which objects that occlude a facial image are specifically targeted, removed, and replaced by a properly reconstructed facial image. Two different approaches utilizing U-net and modulated generator respectively have been widely endorsed for this task for their unique advantages but notwithstanding each method's innate disadvantages. U-net, a conventional approach for conditional GANs, retains fine details of unmasked regions but the style of the reconstructed image is inconsistent with the rest of the original image and only wor…
Chengdu University of Information Technology（成都信息工程大学）；CuraCloud Corporation（CuraCloud公司）；SUNY Albany（纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校）；Southwest Jiaotong University（西南交通大学）；Sichuan University（四川大学）
Prior knowledge of face shape and structure plays an important role in face inpainting. However, traditional face inpainting methods mainly focus on the generated image resolution of the missing portion without consideration of the special particularities of the human face explicitly and generally produce discordant facial parts. To solve this problem, we present a domain embedded multi-model generative adversarial model for inpainting of face images with large cropped regions. We firstly represent only face regions using the latent variable as the domain knowledge and combine it with the non-…
School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院）
Image synthesis has witnessed substantial progress due to the increasing power of generative model. This paper we propose a novel generative approach for exemplar based facial editing in the form of the region inpainting. Our method first masks the facial editing region to eliminates the pixel constraints of the original image, then exemplar based facial editing can be achieved by learning the corresponding information from the reference image to complete the masked region. In additional, we impose the attribute labels constraint to model disentangled encodings in order to avoid undesired info…
Generating and manipulating human facial images using high-level attributal controls are important and interesting problems. The models proposed in previous work can solve one of these two problems (generation or manipulation), but not both coherently. This paper proposes a novel model that learns how to both generate and modify the facial image from high-level semantic attributes. Our key idea is to formulate a Semi-Latent Facial Attribute Space (SL-FAS) to systematically learn relationship between user-defined and latent attributes, as well as between those attributes and RGB imagery. As par…
Automatic synthesis of faces from visual attributes is an important problem in computer vision and has wide applications in law enforcement and entertainment. With the advent of deep generative convolutional neural networks (CNNs), attempts have been made to synthesize face images from attributes and text descriptions. In this paper, we take a different approach, where we formulate the original problem as a stage-wise learning problem. We first synthesize the facial sketch corresponding to the visual attributes and then we generate the face image based on the synthesized sketch. The proposed f…
Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)（希腊研究与技术基金会）
Facial video re-targeting is a challenging problem aiming to modify the facial attributes of a target subject in a seamless manner by a driving monocular sequence. We leverage the 3D geometry of faces and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to design a novel deep learning architecture for the task of facial and head reenactment. Our method is different to purely 3D model-based approaches, or recent image-based methods that use Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) to generate individual frames. We manage to capture the complex non-rigid facial motion from the driving monocular performa…
ICT, CAS（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）
Facial attribute editing aims to manipulate attributes on the human face, e.g., adding a mustache or changing the hair color. Existing approaches suffer from a serious compromise between correct attribute generation and preservation of the other information such as identity and background, because they edit the attributes in the imprecise area. To resolve this dilemma, we propose a progressive attention GAN (PA-GAN) for facial attribute editing. In our approach, the editing is progressively conducted from high to low feature level while being constrained inside a proper attribute area by an at…
The face reenactment is a popular facial animation method where the person's identity is taken from the source image and the facial motion from the driving image. Recent works have demonstrated high quality results by combining the facial landmark based motion representations with the generative adversarial networks. These models perform best if the source and driving images depict the same person or if the facial structures are otherwise very similar. However, if the identity differs, the driving facial structures leak to the output distorting the reenactment result. We propose a novel Facial…
Unpaired Multi-domain Attribute Translation of 3D Facial Shapes with a Square and Symmetric Geometric Map
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Soochow University（苏州大学）
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ.（国立阳明交通大学）；Hiroshima Univ.（广岛大学）
Neuroscience studies have revealed that the brain encodes visual content and embeds information in neural activity. Recently, deep learning techniques have facilitated attempts to address visual reconstructions by mapping brain activity to image stimuli using generative adversarial networks (GANs). However, none of these studies have considered the semantic meaning of latent code in image space. Omitting semantic information could potentially limit the performance. In this study, we propose a new framework to reconstruct facial images from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data. Wit…
In this paper, we introduce FairFaceGAN, a fairness-aware facial Image-to-Image translation model, mitigating the problem of unwanted translation in protected attributes (e.g., gender, age, race) during facial attributes editing. Unlike existing models, FairFaceGAN learns fair representations with two separate latents - one related to the target attributes to translate, and the other unrelated to them. This strategy enables FairFaceGAN to separate the information about protected attributes and that of target attributes. It also prevents unwanted translation in protected attributes while target…
Large-scale datasets have played indispensable roles in the recent success of face generation/editing and significantly facilitated the advances of emerging research fields. However, the academic community still lacks a video dataset with diverse facial attribute annotations, which is crucial for the research on face-related videos. In this work, we propose a large-scale, high-quality, and diverse video dataset with rich facial attribute annotations, named the High-Quality Celebrity Video Dataset (CelebV-HQ). CelebV-HQ contains 35,666 video clips with the resolution of 512x512 at least, involv…
Generating random photo-realistic images has experienced tremendous growth during the past few years due to the advances of the deep convolutional neural networks and generative models. Among different domains, face photos have received a great deal of attention and a large number of face generation and manipulation models have been proposed. Semantic facial attribute editing is the process of varying the values of one or more attributes of a face image while the other attributes of the image are not affected. The requested modifications are provided as an attribute vector or in the form of dr…
NEC Laboratories America（美国NEC实验室）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）；University of California, San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）
We address the challenging problem of generating facial attributes using a single image in an unconstrained pose. In contrast to prior works that largely consider generation on 2D near-frontal images, we propose a GAN-based framework to generate attributes directly on a dense 3D representation given by UV texture and position maps, resulting in photorealistic, geometrically-consistent and identity-preserving outputs. Starting from a self-occluded UV texture map obtained by applying an off-the-shelf 3D reconstruction method, we propose two novel components. First, a texture completion generativ…
AttDiff-GAN: A Hybrid Diffusion-GAN Framework for Facial Attribute Editing
GuangDong Province Key Lab of Information Security Technology and School of Computer Science and Engineering（广东信息安全技术重点实验室和计算机科学与工程学院）；School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shenzhen Campus（深圳校区网络科学与技术学院）；Guangdong Laboratory of Machine Perception and Intelligent Computing, Faculty of Engineering（广东机器感知与智能计算实验室，工程学院）
Generative Adversarial Networks are proved to be efficient on various kinds of image generation tasks. However, it is still a challenge if we want to generate images precisely. Many researchers focus on how to generate images with one attribute. But image generation under multiple attributes is still a tough work. In this paper, we try to generate a variety of face images under multiple constraints using a pipeline process. The Pip-GAN (Pipeline Generative Adversarial Network) we present employs a pipeline network structure which can generate a complex facial image step by step using a neutral…
Facial attribute editing aims to manipulate single or multiple attributes of a face image, i.e., to generate a new face with desired attributes while preserving other details. Recently, generative adversarial net (GAN) and encoder-decoder architecture are usually incorporated to handle this task with promising results. Based on the encoder-decoder architecture, facial attribute editing is achieved by decoding the latent representation of the given face conditioned on the desired attributes. Some existing methods attempt to establish an attribute-independent latent representation for further at…
Korea University（高丽大学）；Army Research Laboratory（陆军研究实验室）
The goal of face attribute editing is altering a facial image according to given target attributes such as hair color, mustache, gender, etc. It belongs to the image-to-image domain transfer problem with a set of attributes considered as a distinctive domain. There have been some works in multi-domain transfer problem focusing on facial attribute editing employing Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). These methods have reported some successes but they also result in unintended changes in facial regions - meaning the generator alters regions unrelated to the specified attributes. To address th…
In contrast to great success of memory-consuming face editing methods at a low resolution, to manipulate high-resolution (HR) facial images, i.e., typically larger than 7682 pixels, with very limited memory is still challenging. This is due to the reasons of 1) intractable huge demand of memory; 2) inefficient multi-scale features fusion. To address these issues, we propose a NOVEL pixel translation framework called Cooperative GAN(CooGAN) for HR facial image editing. This framework features a local path for fine-grained local facial patch generation (i.e., patch-level HR, LOW memory) and a gl…
Indian Statistical Institute（印度统计研究所）；Østfold University College（东福尔德大学学院）
The performance of facial super-resolution methods relies on their ability to recover facial structures and salient features effectively. Even though the convolutional neural network and generative adversarial network-based methods deliver impressive performances on face hallucination tasks, the ability to use attributes associated with the low-resolution images to improve performance is unsatisfactory. In this paper, we propose an Attribute Guided Attention Generative Adversarial Network which employs novel attribute guided attention (AGA) modules to identify and focus the generation process …
North China Electric Power University（华北电力大学）；Liaoning Shihua University（辽宁石油化工大学）；New Jersey Institute of Technology（新泽西理工学院）；Shandong University of Science and Technology（山东科技大学）
Facial attribute editing has mainly two objectives: 1) translating image from a source domain to a target one, and 2) only changing the facial regions related to a target attribute and preserving the attribute-excluding details. In this work, we propose a Multi-attention U-Net-based Generative Adversarial Network (MU-GAN). First, we replace a classic convolutional encoder-decoder with a symmetric U-Net-like structure in a generator, and then apply an additive attention mechanism to build attention-based U-Net connections for adaptively transferring encoder representations to complement a decod…
Manchester Metropolitan University（曼彻斯特城市大学）；Image Metrics Ltd（Image Metrics有限公司）；National Taiwan University of Science and Technology（台湾科技大学）
Facial image inpainting is a problem that is widely studied, and in recent years the introduction of Generative Adversarial Networks, has led to improvements in the field. Unfortunately some issues persists, in particular when blending the missing pixels with the visible ones. We address the problem by proposing a Wasserstein GAN combined with a new reverse mask operator, namely Reverse Masking Network (R-MNet), a perceptual adversarial network for image inpainting. The reverse mask operator transfers the reverse masked image to the end of the encoder-decoder network leaving only valid pixels …
Tianjin University（天津大学）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）；Stony Brook University（石溪大学）
It is challenging to inpaint face images in the wild, due to the large variation of appearance, such as different poses, expressions and occlusions. A good inpainting algorithm should guarantee the realism of output, including the topological structure among eyes, nose and mouth, as well as the attribute consistency on pose, gender, ethnicity, expression, etc. This paper studies an effective deep learning based strategy to deal with these issues, which comprises of a facial landmark predicting subnet and an image inpainting subnet. Concretely, given partial observation, the landmark predictor …
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Meituandianping Group（美团点评集团）；CASIA（中国科学院自动化研究所）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
Most deep learning based image inpainting approaches adopt autoencoder or its variants to fill missing regions in images. Encoders are usually utilized to learn powerful representational spaces, which are important for dealing with sophisticated learning tasks. Specifically, in image inpainting tasks, masks with any shapes can appear anywhere in images (i.e., free-form masks) which form complex patterns. It is difficult for encoders to capture such powerful representations under this complex situation. To tackle this problem, we propose a self-supervised Siamese inference network to improve th…
A Deep Learning Approach for Facial Attribute Manipulation and Reconstruction in Surveillance and Reconnaissance
Department of Networks and Digital Media（网络与数字媒体系）；Kingston University（金史密斯大学）；School of Computer Science and Engineering（计算机科学与工程学院）；University of Westminster（威斯敏斯特大学）
Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）
Generating high fidelity identity-preserving faces with different facial attributes has a wide range of applications. Although a number of generative models have been developed to tackle this problem, there is still much room for further improvement.In paticular, the current solutions usually ignore the perceptual information of images, which we argue that it benefits the output of a high-quality image while preserving the identity information, especially in facial attributes learning area.To this end, we propose to train GAN iteratively via regularizing the min-max process with an integrated …
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；University of California, Merced（加州大学默塞德分校）
Facial Attribute Manipulation (FAM) aims to aesthetically modify a given face image to render desired attributes, which has received significant attention due to its broad practical applications ranging from digital entertainment to biometric forensics. In the last decade, with the remarkable success of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in synthesizing realistic images, numerous GAN-based models have been proposed to solve FAM with various problem formulation approaches and guiding information representations. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of GAN-based FAM methods with a focu…
Recent studies on face attribute editing by exemplars have achieved promising results due to the increasing power of deep convolutional networks and generative adversarial networks. These methods encode attribute-related information in images into the predefined region of the latent feature space by employing a pair of images with opposite attributes as input to train model, the face attribute transfer between the input image and the exemplar can be achieved by exchanging their attribute-related latent feature region. However, they suffer from three limitations: (1) the model must be trained u…
Recent Image-to-Image Translation algorithms have achieved significant progress in neural style transfer and image attribute manipulation tasks. However, existing approaches require exhaustively labelling training data, which is labor demanding, difficult to scale up, and hard to migrate into new domains. To overcome such a key limitation, we propose Sparsely Grouped Generative Adversarial Networks (SG-GAN) as a novel approach that can translate images on sparsely grouped datasets where only a few samples for training are labelled. Using a novel one-input multi-output architecture, SG-GAN is w…
