Xiaotao Sun, Mingshuo Zhou
We prove two recurrence relations among dimensions $$D_g(r,d,ω):={\rm dim}\,{\rm H}^0(\mathcal{U}_{C,\,ω},Θ_{\mathcal{U}_{C,\,ω}})$$ of spaces of generalized theta functions on moduli spaces $\mathcal{U}_{C,\,ω}$. By using of these recurrence relations, an explicit formula (Verlinde formula) of $D_g(r,d,ω)$ is proved (See Theorem 4.3).
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We derive a recursive formula for certain relative Gromov-Witten invariants with maximal tangency condition via the Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde equation. For certain relative pairs, we get explicit formulae of invariants using the recursive formula.
We formulate conjectural blowup formulas for Segre and Verlinde numbers on moduli spaces of sheaves on projective surfaces $S$ with $p_g(S)>0$ and $b_1(S)=0$. As applications we give a give a conjectural formula for the Donaldson invariants of $S$ in arbitrary rank, as well as for the $K$-theoretic Donaldson invariants, and some Donaldson invariants with fundamental matters.
We prove that moduli spaces of semistable parabolic bundles and generalized parabolic sheaves (GPS) with a fixed determinant on a smooth projective curve are globally F-regular type. As an application, we prove vanishing theorems on the moduli spaces of semistable parabolic sheaves on a singular curve, which combining with Factorization theorems in [24] and [25] give two recurrence relations among dimensions of spaces of generalized theta functions. By using of these recurrence relations, we prove an explicit formula (Verlinde formula) for the dimension of spaces of generalized theta functions…
K-theoretic Donaldson invariants are holomorphic Euler characteristics of determinant line bundles on moduli spaces of rank 2 sheaves on surfaces. We develop an algorithm which determines the generating functions of K-theoretic Donaldson invariants on the projective plane and more generally rational surfaces, and apply it in many cases to get explicit formulas. We relate the results to Le Potier's strange duality conjecture.
The parabolic Verlinde formula: iterated residues and wall-crossings
本文通过比较几何不变量理论中的穿墙现象与迭代留数泛函，对所有秩重新证明了抛物型 Verlinde 公式，并发展了 Hecke 对应的重言式变体、计算了模空间 Hilbert 多项式，给出了 rho-移位问题的新局部方法。
Refined Verlinde formulas for Hilbert schemes of points and moduli spaces of sheaves on K3 surfaces
该研究计算了曲面上点的希尔伯特概形上取值于线丛的椭圆亏格生成函数，并进一步得到K3曲面上层的模空间上取值于行列式线丛的椭圆亏格生成函数。
We prove an explicit formula for the total Chern character of the Verlinde bundle over the moduli space of pointed stable curves in terms of tautological classes. The Chern characters of the Verlinde bundles define a semisimple CohFT (the ranks, given by the Verlinde formula, determine a semisimple fusion algebra). According to Teleman's classification of semisimple CohFTs, there exists an element of Givental's group transforming the fusion algebra into the CohFT. We determine the element using the first Chern class of the Verlinde bundle on the moduli space of nonsingular curves and the proje…
A residue formula is given for the Verlinde formula, which allows one to calculate its coefficients as a polynomial in the level and connects it to the Riemann-Roch formula on the moduli space of vector bundles on a curve.
We study the moduli problem of pairs consisting of a rank 2 vector bundle and a nonzero section over a fixed smooth curve. The stability condition involves a parameter; as it varies, we show that the moduli space undergoes a sequence of flips in the sense of Mori. As applications, we prove several results about moduli spaces of rank 2 bundles, including the Harder-Narasimhan formula and the SU(2) Verlinde formula. Indeed, we prove a general result on the space of sections of powers of the ideal sheaf of a curve in projective space, which includes the Verlinde formula.
Let G be a complex semi-simple group, X a Riemann surface, M_G the moduli space of principal G-bundles on X. When G is simply-connected, there exists a closed formula expressing the dimension of the space H^0(M_G,L) for any line bundle L on M_G (this is usually called among mathematicians, somewhat incorrectly, the "Verlinde formula").In this paper we find an analogous formula for G = PGL(r) where r is prime.
We present a compact formula computing rational trigonometric sums. E. Verlinde's expression for the dimension of conformal blocks in WZW theory is an example of such a sum. As an application, we show that a formula of Bismut and Labourie for the Riemann-Roch numbers of moduli spaces of flat connections on a Riemann surface coincides with Verlinde's expression.
The Verlinde formula computes the dimension of certain vector spaces ("conformal blocks") associated to a Rational Conformal Field Theory. In this paper we show how this can be made rigorous for one particular such theory, the WZW model. Thanks to the results of [B-L], [F] and [T-U-Y], this gives the dimension of the space of global sections of the determinant line bundles (and its multiples) on the moduli space of vector bundles with fixed rank and determinant.
Let $\mathrm{Hilb}_nS$ be the Hilbert scheme of $n$ points on a smooth projective surface $S$. To a class $α\in K^0(S)$ correspond a tautological vector bundle $α^{[n]}$ on $\mathrm{Hilb}_nS$ and line bundle $L_{(n)}\otimes E^{\otimes r}$ with $L=\det(α)$, $r=\mathrm{rk}(α)$. In this paper we give closed formulas for the generating functions for the Segre classes $\int_{\mathrm{Hilb}_nS} s(α^{[n]})$, and the Verlinde numbers $χ(\mathrm{Hilb}_nS,L_{(n)}\otimes E^{\otimes r})$, for any surface $S$ and any class $α\in K^0(S)$. In fact we determine a more general generating function for $K$-theore…
A formula for the first Chern class of the Verlinde bundle over the moduli space of smooth genus g curves is given. A finite-dimensional argument is presented in rank 2 using geometric symmetries obtained from strange duality, relative Serre duality, and Wirtinger duality together with the projective flatness of the Hitchin connection. A derivation using conformal-block methods is presented in higher rank. An expression for the first Chern class over the compact moduli space of curves is obtained.
We derive Verlinde's formula from the fixed point formula for loop groups proved in the companion paper "A fixed point formula for loop group actions", and extend it to compact, connected groups that are not necessarily simply-connected.
In this paper, we give a Verlinde formula for computing the ranks of the bundles of twisted conformal blocks associated with a simple Lie algebra equipped with an action of a finite group $Γ$ and a positive integral level $\ell$ under the assumption that "$Γ$ preserves a Borel". As a motivation for this Verlinde formula, we prove a categorical Verlinde formula which computes the fusion coefficients for any $Γ$-crossed modular fusion category as defined by Turaev. To relate these two versions of the Verlinde formula, we formulate the notion of a $Γ$-crossed modular functor and show that it is v…
This paper computes the quantization of the moduli space of flat SO(3)-bundles over an oriented surface with boundary, with prescribed holonomies around the boundary circles. The result agrees with the generalized Verlinde formula conjectured by Fuchs and Schweigert.
We propose and prove the Verlinde formula for the quantization of the Higgs bundle moduli spaces and stacks for any simple and simply-connected group. This generalizes the equivariant Verlinde formula for the case of $SU(n)$ proposed previously by the second and third author. We further establish a Verlinde formula for the quantization of parabolic Higgs bundle moduli spaces and stacks. Finally, we prove that these dimensions form a one-parameter family of $1+1$-dimensional TQFT, uniquely classified by the complex Verlinde algebra, which is a one-parameter family of Frobenius algebras. We cons…
The Verlinde formula computes the dimension of conformal blocks associated to simple Lie algebras and stable pointed curves. If a simply-laced simple Lie algebra admits a nontrivial diagram automorphism, then this automorphism acts on the space of conformal blocks naturally. We prove an analogue of Verlinde formula for the trace of the diagram automorphism on the space of conformal blocks. Along the way, we get an analogue of Kac-Walton formula for the trace of the diagram automorphism. We also get a twining type formula between the conformal blocks for the pair $(sl(2n+1),sp(2n))$.
Given a compact Riemann surface $X$ of genus at least $2$ with automorphism group $G$ we provide formulae that enable us to compute traces of automorphisms of X on the space of global sections of $G$-linearized line bundles defined on certain blow-ups of proyective spaces along the curve $X$. The method is an adaptation of one used by Thaddeus to compute the dimensions of those spaces. In particular we can compute the traces of automorphisms of $X$ on the Verlinde spaces corresponding to the moduli space $SU_{X}(2,ξ)$ when $ξ$ is a line bundle $G$-linearized of suitable degree.
Verlinde formulae on complex surfaces: K-theoretic invariants
本文提出并验证了带全纯2-形式的曲面上Higgs层模空间的Verlinde型公式，该公式统一了K-理论Donaldson不变量与K-理论Vafa-Witten不变量。
The moduli space M(n,d) is an algebraic variety parametrizing those representations of the fundamental group of a punctured Riemann surface into the Lie group SU(n) for which a loop around the boundary is sent to the n-th root of unity exp (2 πi d/n) multiplied by the identity matrix. If n and d are coprime it is in fact a Kähler manifold. One may relax the constraint and study moduli spaces M(L) parametrizing those representations for which the loop around the boundary is sent to an element conjugate to L, if L is some element in SU(n), and these are also Kähler manifolds for a suitable class…
We find an agreement of equivariant indices of semi-classical homomorphisms between pairwise mirror branes in the GL(2) Higgs moduli space on a Riemann surface. On one side we have the components of the Lagrangian brane of U(1,1) Higgs bundles whose mirror was proposed by Nigel Hitchin to be certain even exterior powers of the hyperholomorphic Dirac bundle on the SL(2) Higgs moduli space. The agreement arises from a mysterious functional equation. This gives strong computational evidence for Hitchin's proposal.
By exploring the description of chiral blocks in terms of co-invariants, a derivation of the Verlinde formula for WZW models is obtained which is entirely based on the representation theory of affine Lie algebras. In contrast to existing proofs of the Verlinde formula, this approach works universally for all untwisted affine Lie algebras. As a by-product we obtain a homological interpretation of the Verlinde multiplicities as Euler characteristics of complexes built from invariant tensors of finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras. Our results can also be used to compute certain traces of autom…
We prove an analog of the Verlinde formula on the moduli space of semistable meromorphic G-Higgs bundles over a smooth curve for a reductive group G whose fundamental group is free. The formula expresses the graded dimension of the space of sections of a positive line bundle as a finite sum whose terms are indexed by formal solutions of a generalized Bethe ansatz equation on the maximal torus of G. In an appendix, Constantin Teleman proves a vanishing theorem for the higher cohomology of positive line bundles on the stack of Higgs bundles.
We study (generalized) discrete symmetries of 2d semisimple TQFTs. These are 2d TQFTs whose fusion rules can be diagonalized. We show that, in this special basis, the 0-form symmetries always act as permutations while 1-form symmetries act by phases. This leads to an explicit description of the gauging of these symmetries. One application of our results is a generalization of the equivariant Verlinde formula to the case of general Lie groups. The generalized formula leads to many predictions for the geometry of Hitchin moduli spaces, which we explicitly check in several cases with low genus an…
A rank 2 Dijkgraaf-Moore-Verlinde-Verlinde formula
本文针对一般型极小曲面上秩2层模空间，提出用Igusa尖点形式和拟Jacobi形式的Borcherds型提升表达的虚拟椭圆亏格猜想，并借助下降Donaldson不变量在多种情形下验证了该猜想。
The moduli space $M$ of semi-stable rank 2 bundles with trivial determinant over a complex curve carries involutions naturally associated to 2-torsion points on the Jacobian of the curve. For every lift of a 2-torsion point to a 4-torsion point, we define a lift of the involution to the determinant line bundle $Ł$. We obtain an explicit presentation of the group generated by these lifts in terms of the order 4 Weil pairing. This is related to the triple intersections of the components of the fixed point sets in $M$, which we also determine completely using the order 4 Weil pairing. The lifted …
We study complex Chern-Simons theory on a Seifert manifold $M_3$ by embedding it into string theory. We show that complex Chern-Simons theory on $M_3$ is equivalent to a topologically twisted supersymmetric theory and its partition function can be naturally regularized by turning on a mass parameter. We find that the dimensional reduction of this theory to 2d gives the low energy dynamics of vortices in four-dimensional gauge theory, the fact apparently overlooked in the vortex literature. We also generalize the relations between 1) the Verlinde algebra, 2) quantum cohomology of the Grassmanni…
Sheaves on surfaces and virtual invariants
本文综述了作者关于光滑射影曲面上稳定层模空间虚拟不变量的一组新猜想，涵盖虚拟欧拉示性数、Verlinde数与Segre数，并讨论其在Vafa-Witten理论、K-理论S-对偶等方向的应用，核心工具为Mochizuki的下降Donaldson不变量公式。
In this paper, we show the equivalence between two seemingly distinct 2d TQFTs: one comes from the "Coulomb branch index" of the class S theory $T[Σ,G]$ on $L(k,1) \times S^1$, the other is the $^LG$ "equivariant Verlinde formula", or equivalently partition function of $^LG_{\mathbb{C}}$ complex Chern-Simons theory on $Σ\times S^1$. We first derive this equivalence using the M-theory geometry and show that the gauge groups appearing on the two sides are naturally $G$ and its Langlands dual $^LG$. When $G$ is not simply-connected, we provide a recipe of computing the index of $T[Σ,G]$ as summat…
The result contained in this paper is an application of a fixed point formula associated with Hamiltonian loop group action. We obtain a G-space which is a geometric dual of the Verlinde's fusion product. Also we obtain a proof of Verlinde formula. The calculation of weights at the fixed point set is based on fundamental properties of root systems of affine Lie algebras. This paper was written in early 1997, the current version has a computer time-stamp 4/4/97.
We prove the Verlinde conjecture in the following general form: Let V be a simple vertex operator algebra satisfying the following conditions: (i) The homogeneous subspaces of V of weights less than 0 are 0, the homogeneous subspace of V of weight 0 is spanned by the vacuum and V' is isomorphic to V as a V-module. (ii) Every weak V-module gradable by nonnegative integers is completely reducible. (iii) V is C_2-cofinite. (In the presence of Condition (i), Conditions (ii) and (iii) are equivalent to a single condition, namely, that every weak V-module is completely reducible.) Then the matrices …
We prove the formulae conjectured by the first author for the index of K-theory classes over the moduli stack of algebraic G-bundles on a smooth projective curve. The formulae generalise Verlinde's for line bundles and have Witten's integrals over the moduli space of stable bundles as their large level limits. As an application, we prove the Newstead-Ramanan conjecture on the vanishing of high Chern classes of certain moduli spaces of stable G-bundles.
Nodal degeneration of chiral algebras I: Global structure and gluing formula
本文针对稳定曲线族，定义了与任意泛函因子化代数相关的因子化代数层，并证明了手性同调层的粘合公式，推广了顶点代数层及共形块的Verlinde公式。
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