The small energy exchange via nucleon recoils in neutrino-nucleon scattering is now supposed to be one of the important factors for successful explosion of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) as they can change neutrino spectra through accumulation of a large number of scatterings. In finite-difference methods employed for neutrino transport in CCSN simulations, we normally can not afford to deploy a large enough number of energy bins needed to resolve this small energy exchange and sub-grid techniques are employed one way or another. In this paper we study quantitatively with the Monte Carlo (MC) method how well such a treatment performs. We first investigate the effects of nucleon recoils on the neutrino spectra and confirm that the average energy is reduced by $\sim$15% for heavy-lepton neutrinos and by much smaller quantities for other types of neutrinos in a typical post-bounce situation. It is also observed that the nucleon scattering dominates the electron scattering in the thermalization of neutrino spectra in all flavors. We then study possible artifacts that the coarse energy grid may produce in the finite-difference methods. In order to mimic the latter calculation, we re-distribute MC particles in each energy bin after a certain interval in a couple of ways and study how the results are affected and depend on the energy-resolution. We also discuss possible implications of our results for the finite-difference methods.
Simulation of Nuclear Recoils due to Supernova Neutrino-induced Neutrons in Liquid Xenon Detectors
超新星爆发产生的中微子在大尺度液态氙探测器中通过相干弹性中微子-核散射(CE $ν$ NS)过程可以产生可探测数量的核反冲(NR)事件,这取决于超新星爆发产生的中微子的质量和距离。本文表明,除了CE $ν$ NS过程引起的直接NR事件外,SN中微子与氙核的非弹性相互作用产生的中子弹性散射也能引起额外的核反冲.我们发现,超新星中微子诱导的中子($ν$ I $n$)的贡献,可以显着修改总氙NR光谱在大反冲能量相比,预计从CE $ν$ NS过程单独。此外,对于反冲能量$\gtrsim20$ keV,主要贡献来自($ν$ I $n$)事件。我们数值计算了由于典型的液体氙基探测器的CE $ν$ NS和$ν$ I $n$过程引起的可观测的S1和S2信号,考虑了$ν$ I $n$情况下中子的多次散射效应,并发现足够大的信号事件,即S1 $\gtrsim$ 50光电子(PE)和S2 $\gtrsim$ 2300 PE的事件,主要来自于$ν$ I $n$散射。
Probing Cosmic-Ray-Boosted and Supernova-Sourced Sub-GeV Dark Matter with Paleo-Detectors
International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific (ICTP-AP), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(国际理论物理中心亚太分部,中国科学院大学);Key Laboratory of DM and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,中国科学院紫金山天文台);School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院);Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University(南京师范大学物理系和理论物理研究所)
Impact of neutrino pair-production rates in Core-Collapse Supernovae
在本文中,我们提出了一个仔细的研究中微子对生产的影响,核心坍缩超新星通过球对称,广义相对论模拟的两个不同的大质量恒星的祖先与能量依赖的中微子输运。我们探讨的影响和后果的基础微观物理和实施的辐射输运算法的超新星演化,中微子信号特性,和爆炸动力学。我们考虑了超新星中发现的两个主要中微子对产生过程,电子正电子湮没以及核子核子韧致辐射,并结合辐射输运算法中对这两个过程的简化和完整处理。我们发现,使用简化的处方定量影响中微子信号在10\%的水平和潜在的超新星动力学,因为我们显示的情况下,9.6 M $_\odot$祖。我们还表明,核子-核子韧致辐射相互作用的选择也可以对中微子信号产生定量的影响。一个自洽的处理与国家的最先进的微观物理的核心崩溃的精确模拟建议,但这里探讨的简化处理是计算要求较低,并在定性类似的演变结果。
Theoretical Support for the Hydrodynamic Mechanism of Pulsar Kicks
大质量恒星核心的坍缩,接着是中微子驱动的不对称超新星爆炸,自然会导致脉冲星反冲和中子星反冲。在这里,我们提出了一个二维的,辐射流体动力学模拟中,核心崩溃导致显着加速的完全形成,新生的中子星(NS)通过诱导,中微子驱动的爆炸。在爆炸过程中,低质量高速喷出物中约10%的各向异性导致高质量中子星的反冲。在我们的模拟结束时,NS已经达到了~150 km s $^{-1}$的速度,并以~350 km s $^{-2}$加速,但尚未达到弹道状态。反冲几乎完全是由于流体动力学过程,各向异性中微子发射贡献不到2%的整体反冲幅度。由于所观察到的中子星反冲速度的分布峰值在~300-400 km/s $^{-1}$,由于各向异性的核心塌陷超新星的反冲提供了一个自然的,非奇异的机制,以获得中子星踢。