液体氙探测器中超新星中子感生核泄漏的模拟
Simulation of Nuclear Recoils due to Supernova Neutrino-induced Neutrons in Liquid Xenon Detectors
摘要：
超新星爆发产生的中微子在大尺度液态氙探测器中通过相干弹性中微子-核散射（CE $ν$ NS）过程可以产生可探测数量的核反冲（NR）事件，这取决于超新星爆发产生的中微子的质量和距离。本文表明，除了CE $ν$ NS过程引起的直接NR事件外，SN中微子与氙核的非弹性相互作用产生的中子弹性散射也能引起额外的核反冲.我们发现，超新星中微子诱导的中子（$ν$ I $n$）的贡献，可以显着修改总氙NR光谱在大反冲能量相比，预计从CE $ν$ NS过程单独。此外，对于反冲能量$\gtrsim20$ keV，主要贡献来自（$ν$ I $n$）事件。我们数值计算了由于典型的液体氙基探测器的CE $ν$ NS和$ν$ I $n$过程引起的可观测的S1和S2信号，考虑了$ν$ I $n$情况下中子的多次散射效应，并发现足够大的信号事件，即S1 $\gtrsim$ 50光电子（PE）和S2 $\gtrsim$ 2300 PE的事件，主要来自于$ν$ I $n$散射。
英文摘要：
Neutrinos from supernova (SN) bursts can give rise to detectable number of nuclear recoil (NR) events through the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$ν$NS) process in large scale liquid xenon detectors designed for direct dark matter search, depending on the SN progenitor mass and distance. Here we show that in addition to the direct NR events due to CE$ν$NS process, the SN neutrinos can give rise to additional nuclear recoils due to the elastic scattering of neutrons produced through inelastic interaction of the neutrinos with the xenon nuclei. We find that the contribution of the supernova neutrino-induced neutrons ($ν$I$n$) can significantly modify the total xenon NR spectrum at large recoil energies compared to that expected from the CE$ν$NS process alone. Moreover, for recoil energies $\gtrsim20$ keV, dominant contribution is obtained from the ($ν$I$n$) events. We numerically calculate the observable S1 and S2 signals due to both CE$ν$NS and $ν$I$n$ processes for a typical liquid xenon based detector, accounting for the multiple scattering effects of the neutrons in the case of $ν$I$n$, and find that sufficiently large signal events, those with S1$\gtrsim$50 photo-electrons (PE) and S2$\gtrsim$2300 PE, come mainly from the $ν$I$n$ scatterings.
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