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arXiv 2001.10583physics.optics
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氮化硼中低损耗极端极化激元约束的图像极化激元

Image polaritons in boron nitride for extreme polariton confinement with low losses

In-Ho Lee, Mingze He, Xi Zhang, Yujie Luo, Song Liu, James H. Edgar, Ke Wang, Phaedon Avouris, Tony Low, Joshua D. Caldwell, Sang-Hyun Oh

发表信息：
Nature Communications 11, 3649 (2020)
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摘要：

二维材料中的极化激元提供了金属等离子体难以实现的极端光限制。然而，这种紧密限制不可避免地增加了通过各种阻尼通道的光学损耗。在这里，我们证明了双曲声子极化激元在六方氮化硼可以克服这个基本的权衡。在两个观察到的极化激元模式，具有对称和反对称的电荷分布，后者表现出较低的光学损耗和更严格的极化激元限制。这种高动量模式的远场激发和检测成为可能，我们的谐振腔设计，可以提高耦合效率，通过虚拟极化激元模式与图像电荷，我们称之为图像极化激元。使用这些图像极化激元，我们实验观察到高达132和品质因数高达501的创纪录的高有效指数。此外，我们的唯象理论表明，双曲表面散射的双曲声子极化激元的阻尼过程中的重要作用。

英文摘要：

Polaritons in two-dimensional materials provide extreme light confinement that is difficult to achieve with metal plasmonics. However, such tight confinement inevitably increases optical losses through various damping channels. Here we demonstrate that hyperbolic phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride can overcome this fundamental trade-off. Among two observed polariton modes, featuring a symmetric and antisymmetric charge distribution, the latter exhibits lower optical losses and tighter polariton confinement. Far-field excitation and detection of this high-momenta mode becomes possible with our resonator design that can boost the coupling efficiency via virtual polariton modes with image charges that we dub image polaritons. Using these image polaritons, we experimentally observe a record-high effective index of up to 132 and quality factors as high as 501. Further, our phenomenological theory suggests an important role of hyperbolic surface scattering in the damping process of hyperbolic phonon polaritons.

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