arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2001.08737cs.ITcs.LGmath.IT
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多址信道下通信高效的联邦学习

Communication Efficient Federated Learning over Multiple Access Channels

University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学)

Wei-Ting Chang, Ravi Tandon

摘要:

在这项工作中,我们研究的问题,联邦学习(FL),分布式用户的目标是共同训练的机器学习模型的帮助下,参数服务器(PS)。在FL的每次迭代中,用户计算局部梯度,然后传输量化梯度,用于PS处的后续聚合和模型更新。FL的挑战之一是由于FL的迭代性质和大的模型大小而导致的通信开销。一个最近的方向,以减轻FL中的通信瓶颈是让用户同时进行通信的多址接入信道(MAC),可能更好地利用通信资源。在本文中,我们考虑的问题FL学习的MAC。特别是,我们专注于设计的数字梯度传输方案在MAC上,在每个用户的梯度首先被量化,然后通过MAC被单独解码在PS发送。当设计MAC上的数字FL方案时,存在基于a)每个用户处的梯度的信息性和b)基础信道条件向不同用户分配不同量的资源(诸如速率或带宽)的新机会。我们提出了一种随机梯度量化方案,其中的量化参数进行了优化的基础上的容量区域的MAC。我们表明,这种信道感知量化FL优于均匀量化,特别是当用户遇到不同的信道条件,当有梯度与不同程度的信息。

英文摘要:

In this work, we study the problem of federated learning (FL), where distributed users aim to jointly train a machine learning model with the help of a parameter server (PS). In each iteration of FL, users compute local gradients, followed by transmission of the quantized gradients for subsequent aggregation and model updates at PS. One of the challenges of FL is that of communication overhead due to FL's iterative nature and large model sizes. One recent direction to alleviate communication bottleneck in FL is to let users communicate simultaneously over a multiple access channel (MAC), possibly making better use of the communication resources. In this paper, we consider the problem of FL learning over a MAC. In particular, we focus on the design of digital gradient transmission schemes over a MAC, where gradients at each user are first quantized, and then transmitted over a MAC to be decoded individually at the PS. When designing digital FL schemes over MACs, there are new opportunities to assign different amount of resources (such as rate or bandwidth) to different users based on a) the informativeness of the gradients at each user, and b) the underlying channel conditions. We propose a stochastic gradient quantization scheme, where the quantization parameters are optimized based on the capacity region of the MAC. We show that such channel aware quantization for FL outperforms uniform quantization, particularly when users experience different channel conditions, and when have gradients with varying levels of informativeness.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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