arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2001.08547astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR
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热驱动和辐射驱动可以在硬态X射线双星中产生可观测的盘风

Thermal and radiation driving can produce observable disk winds in hard-state X-ray binaries

Nick Higginbottom, Christian Knigge, Stuart A. Sim, Knox S. Long, James H. Matthews, Henrietta A. Hewitt, Edward J. Parkinson, Sam W. Mangham

摘要:

在几个吸积的黑洞双星中探测到流出气体的X射线特征,它们总是处于软状态。这些观测结果提出的一个关键问题是,这些风是否也可能存在于硬态。在这里,我们进行了第一次全频辐射流体动力学模拟发光($\rm{L = 0.5 \, L_{\mathrm{Edd}}}$)黑洞X射线二元系统的硬态和软态,与现实的光谱能量分布(SED)。我们的模拟旨在描述X射线瞬态附近的峰值,他们的爆发,之前和之后的硬到软的状态转换。在这些光度下,必须包括辐射驱动,我们不仅包括电子散射,还包括光电和线相互作用。我们发现强大的外流与$\rm{\dot{M}_{wind} \simeq 2 \,\dot{M}_{acc}}$驱动的热和辐射压力在硬和软状态。硬态风的速度明显更快,携带的动能大约是软态风的20倍。然而,在硬态下,风的电离程度更高,因此在较窄的视角范围内可以看到较弱的X射线吸收线。然而,对于倾角$\gtrsim 80^{\circ}$,即使在硬态下也应该观察到风形成的Fe XXV和Fe XXVI特征的蓝移。鉴于检测这些谱线所需的数据目前仅存在于{ \em发光}硬态的单个系统--奇特的GRS~1915+105 --我们敦促获取新的观测结果来测试这一预测。新一代的X射线谱仪应该能够分辨速度结构。

英文摘要:

X-ray signatures of outflowing gas have been detected in several accreting black-hole binaries, always in the soft state. A key question raised by these observations is whether these winds might also exist in the hard state. Here, we carry out the first full-frequency radiation hydrodynamic simulations of luminous ($\rm{L = 0.5 \, L_{\mathrm{Edd}}}$) black-hole X-ray binary systems in both the hard and the soft state, with realistic spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Our simulations are designed to describe X-ray transients near the peak of their outburst, just before and after the hard-to-soft state transition. At these luminosities, it is essential to include radiation driving, and we include not only electron scattering, but also photoelectric and line interactions. We find powerful outflows with $\rm{\dot{M}_{wind} \simeq 2 \,\dot{M}_{acc}}$ are driven by thermal and radiation pressure in both hard and soft states. The hard-state wind is significantly faster and carries approximately 20 times as much kinetic energy as the soft-state wind. However, in the hard state the wind is more ionized, and so weaker X-ray absorption lines are seen over a narrower range of viewing angles. Nevertheless, for inclinations $\gtrsim 80^{\circ}$, blue-shifted wind-formed Fe XXV and Fe XXVI features should be observable even in the hard state. Given that the data required to detect these lines currently exist for only a single system in a {\em luminous} hard state -- the peculiar GRS~1915+105 -- we urge the acquisition of new observations to test this prediction. The new generation of X-ray spectrometers should be able to resolve the velocity structure.

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