磁场中正常超导体相变的焦耳热
Joule heating in the normal-superconductor phase transition in a magnetic field
摘要：
焦耳加热是一种非平衡耗散过程，当电流以与金属电阻成比例的量流动时，在正常金属中发生。当它是由磁通量变化引起的涡电流感应时，它也与磁通量变化的速率成比例。本文证明了在磁场中金属的正常态和超导态之间的相变中，焦耳热的总量由系统的热力学性质决定，与正常金属的电阻率无关。我们还表明，焦耳加热只发生在正常区域的材料。然而，传统的超导理论预测，焦耳加热也发生在相界的伦敦穿透深度内的超导区域。这意味着传统的超导理论存在问题。
英文摘要：
Joule heating is a non-equilibrium dissipative process that occurs in a normal metal when an electric current flows, in an amount proportional to the metal's resistance. When it is induced by eddy currents resulting from a change in magnetic flux, it is also proportional to the rate at which the magnetic flux changes. Here we show that in the phase transformation between normal and superconducting states of a metal in a magnetic field, the total amount of Joule heating is determined by the thermodynamic properties of the system and is independent of the resistivity of the normal metal. We also show that Joule heating only occurs in the normal region of the material. The conventional theory of superconductivity however predicts that Joule heating occurs also in the superconducting region within a London penetration depth of the phase boundary. This implies that there is a problem with the conventional theory of superconductivity.
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