热致密镍电子结构的共振非弹性X射线散射研究
Mapping the Electronic Structure of Warm Dense Nickel via Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
摘要：
高亮度自由电子激光（FEL）的发展彻底改变了我们在高能量密度（HED）领域创造和研究物质的能力。目前的诊断技术已经非常成功地产生基本的热力学等离子体性质的信息，但提供有限的或间接的信息，这些系统的详细的量子结构，以及它是如何受到电离动力学。在这里，我们展示了如何固体密度镍的电子结构，加热到10的电子伏特的飞秒时间尺度上的温度，可以研究共振（拉曼）非弹性X射线散射（RIXS）使用直线加速器相干光源自由电子激光。我们提出了单次测量的价态密度在X射线加热的瞬态系统，并提取同时电子温度，电离和电离势能。RIXS光谱提供了关于HED系统的价态结构的丰富信息，这些信息超出了可以单独从X射线吸收或发射光谱提取的信息。
英文摘要：
The development of high-brightness free-electron lasers (FEL) has revolutionised our ability to create and study matter in the high-energy-density (HED) regime. Current diagnostic techniques have been very successful in yielding information on fundamental thermodynamic plasma properties, but provide only limited or indirect information on the detailed quantum structure of these systems, and on how it is affected by ionization dynamics. Here we show how the electronic structure of solid-density nickel, heated to temperatures of 10's of eV on femtosecond timescales, can be studied by resonant (Raman) inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) using the Linac Coherent Light Source FEL. We present single-shot measurements of the valence density of states in the x-ray-heated transient system, and extract simultaneously electron temperatures, ionization, and ionization potential energies. The RIXS spectrum provides a wealth of information on the valence structure of the HED system that goes beyond what can be extracted from x-ray absorption or emission spectroscopy alone.
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