ANTARES and IceCube Combined Search for Neutrino Point-like and Extended Sources in the Southern Sky
ANTARES Collaboration, A. Albert, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, J. -J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, B. Belhorma, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M.… 展开作者
ANTARES Collaboration, A. Albert, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, J. -J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, B. Belhorma, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, S. Bourret, M. Bouta, M. C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzaş, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, S. Celli, M. Chabab, T. N. Chau, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer, R. Coniglione, H. Costantini, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, G. de Wasseige, A. Deschamps, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, I. El Bojaddaini, N. El Khayati, D. Elsässer, A. Enzenhöfer, A. Ettahiri, F. Fassi, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L. Fusco, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A. J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J. J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, G. Illuminati, C. W. James, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Jongen, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, N. R. Khan-Chowdhury, A. Kouchner, M. Kreter, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, R. Le Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, G. Maggi, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J. A. Martínez-Mora, R. Mele, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, M. Moser, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L. Nauta, S. Navas, E. Nezri, C. Nielsen, A. Nuñez-Castiñeyra, B. O'Fearraigh, M. Organokov, G. E. Păvălaş, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin, P. Piattelli, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, L. Quinn, N. Randazzo, G. Riccobene, A. Sánchez-Losa, A. Salah-Eddine, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, F. Schüssler, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, B. Strandberg, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, T. Thakore, S. J. Tingay, A. Trovato, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, D. Zaborov, A. Zegarelli, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, IceCube Collaboration, :, M. G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K. -H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, J. Buscher, R. S. Busse, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, P. A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A. R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Günder, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B. J. P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, M. Leuermann, Q. R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, K. Mallot, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, G. Merino, T. Meures, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, P. Muth, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, A. O'Murchadha, E. O'Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N. L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, B. J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D. R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, M. Zöcklein
A search for point-like and extended sources of cosmic neutrinos using data collected by the ANTARES and IceCube neutrino telescopes is presented. The data set consists of all the track-like and shower-like events pointing in the direction of the Southern Sky included in the nine-year ANTARES point-source analysis, combined with the through-going track-like events used in the seven-year IceCube point-source search. The advantageous field of view of ANTARES and the large size of IceCube are exploited to improve the sensitivity in the Southern Sky by a factor $\sim$2 compared to both individual analyses. In this work, the Southern Sky is scanned for possible excesses of spatial clustering, and the positions of preselected candidate sources are investigated. In addition, special focus is given to the region around the Galactic Centre, whereby a dedicated search at the location of SgrA* is performed, and to the location of the supernova remnant RXJ 1713.7-3946. No significant evidence for cosmic neutrino sources is found and upper limits on the flux from the various searches are presented.
The IceCube evidence for cosmic neutrinos has inspired a large number of hypothesis on their origin, mainly due to the poor precision on the measurement of the direction of showering events. A North/South asymmetry in the present data set suggests the presence of a possible Galactic component. This could be originated either by single point-like sources or from an extended Galactic region. Expected fluxes derived from these hypotheses are presented. Some values have been constrained from the present available upper limits from the ANTARES neutrino telescope.
The ANTARES and IceCube neutrino telescopes have both searched for neutrinos from dark matter annihilation in the Galactic Centre, putting limits on the thermally-averaged dark matter self-annihilation cross section $\langle σ_A \upsilon \rangle$. For WIMP masses above 100 GeV, the most stringent limits were obtained by the ANTARES neutrino telescope, while for lower masses, limits achieved by IceCube are more competitive. The limits obtained by the two detectors are of comparable order of magnitude for WIMP masses going from 50 to 1000 GeV, making this mass range particularly interesting for …
The ANTARES neutrino telescope, located in the Mediterranean Sea, and the IceCube neutrino observatory, located at the geographic South Pole, both search for cosmic neutrino events with an instantaneous full-sky field of view. The different characteristics of the two telescopes, in particular the larger instrumented volume of IceCube and the better visibility towards the Southern Sky for neutrino energies below 100 TeV of ANTARES, are exploited in a combined search for point-like and extended sources. The sensitivity to neutrino sources located in the Southern Sky is improved by a factor of $\…
The IceCube evidence for cosmic neutrinos in the high-energy starting events (HESE) sample has inspired a large number of hypothesis on their origin, mainly due to the poor precision on the measurement of the direction of showering events. The fact that most of HESE are downward going suggests a possible Galactic component. This could be originated either by a single point-like source or to a directional excess from an extended Galactic region. These hypotheses are reviewed and constrained, using the present available upper limits from the ANTARES neutrino telescope. ANTARES detects $ν_μ$ from…
A search for cosmic neutrino point-like sources using the ANTARES and IceCube neutrino telescopes over the Southern Hemisphere is presented. The ANTARES data was collected between January 2007 and December 2012, whereas the IceCube data ranges from April 2008 to May 2011. Clusters of muon neutrinos over the diffusely distributed background have been looked for by means of an unbinned maximum likelihood maximisation. This method is used to search for a localised excess of events over the whole Southern Sky assuming an $E^{-2}$ source spectrum. A search over a pre-selected list of candidate sour…
The increasing statistics of the high-energy neutrino flux observed by the IceCube Observatory points towards an excess of events above the atmospheric neutrino background in the 30--400 TeV energy range. Such an excess is compatible with the findings of the ANTARES Telescope and it would naturally imply the possibility that more than one source class contributes to the observed flux. Electromagnetically hidden sources have been invoked to interpret this excess of events at low energies. By adopting a unified model for the electromagnetically bright and choked gamma-ray bursts and taking into …
We perform the first statistical combined analysis of the diffuse neutrino flux observed by ANTARES (nine-year) and IceCube (six-year) by assuming a single astrophysical power-law flux. The combined analysis reduces by a few percent the best-fit values for the flux normalization and the spectral index. Both data samples show an excess in the same energy range (40--200 TeV), suggesting the presence of a second component. We perform a goodness-of-fit test to scrutinize the null assumption of a single power-law, scanning different values for the spectral index. The addition of the ANTARES data re…
The main goal of the ANTARES neutrino telescope is the identification of neutrinos from cosmic accelerators. The good visibility towards the Southern sky for neutrino energies below 100 TeV and the good angular resolution for reconstructed events make the telescope excellent to test for the presence of point-like sources, especially of Galactic origin. The median angular resolution for track-like events (mainly from $ν_μ$ CC interactions) is $0.4^{\circ}$ while the median angular resolution for contained shower-like events (mainly from $ν_{e}$ CC and all-flavour NC interactions) is $3^{\circ}$…
This overview of neutrino astronomy emphasizes observation of astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube and interesting limits on Galactic neutrinos from IceCube and ANTARES.
A multi-messenger approach with gravitational-wave transients and high-energy neutrinos is expected to open new perspectives in the study of the most violent astrophysical processes in the Universe. In particular, gamma-ray bursts are of special interest as they are associated with astrophysical scenarios predicting significant joint emission of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos. Several experiments (e.g. ANTARES, IceCube, LIGO and Virgo) are currently recording data and searching for those astrophysical sources. In this report, we present the first joint analysis effort using data…
In May 2008, the Antares collaboration has completed the construction of the first deep sea neutrino telescope in the Northern hemisphere. Antares is a 3D array of 900 photomultipliers held in the sea by twelve mooring lines anchored at a depth of 2500 m in the Mediterranean Sea 40 km off the southern French coast. The detection principle is based on the observation of Cerenkov light induced by charged particles produced in neutrino interactions in the matter surrounding the detector.
A primary goal of a deep-sea neutrino telescopes as ANTARES is the search for astrophysical neutrinos in the TeV-PeV range. ANTARES is today the largest neutrino telescope in the Northern hemisphere. After the discovery of a cosmic neutrino diffuse flux by the IceCube, the understanding of its origin has become a key mission in high-energy astrophysics. ANTARES makes a valuable contribution for sources located in the Southern sky thanks to its excellent angular resolution in both the muon channel and the cascade channel (induced by all neutrino flavors). Assuming various spectral indexes for t…
The latest results from the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope are reported. Limits on a high energy neutrino diffuse flux have been set using for the first time both muon-track and showering events. The results for point sources obtained by ANTARES are also shown. These are the most stringent limits for the southern sky for neutrino energies below 100 TeV. Constraints on the nature of the cluster of neutrino events near the Galactic Centre observed by IceCube are also reported. In particular, ANTARES data excludes a single point-like neutrino source as the origin of this cluster. Looking for neutrino…
In the past years, the IceCube Collaboration has reported in several analyses the observation of astrophysical high-energy neutrino events. Despite a compelling evidence for the first identification of a neutrino source, TXS 0506+056, the origin of the majority of these events is still unknown. In this paper, a possible transient origin of the IceCube astrophysical events is searched for using neutrino events detected by the ANTARES telescope. The arrival time and direction of 6894 track-like and 160 shower-like events detected over 2346 days of livetime are examined to search for coincidences…
The source(s) of the neutrino excess reported by the IceCube Collaboration is unknown. The TANAMI Collaboration recently reported on the multiwavelength emission of six bright, variable blazars which are positionally coincident with two of the most energetic IceCube events. Objects like these are prime candidates to be the source of the highest-energy cosmic rays, and thus of associated neutrino emission. We present an analysis of neutrino emission from the six blazars using observations with the ANTARES neutrino telescope.The standard methods of the ANTARES candidate list search are applied t…
Northern hemisphere TeV gamma-ray observatories such as Milagro and Tibet AS$γ$ have demonstrated the importance of all-sky instruments by discovering previously unidentified sources that may be the PeVatrons producing cosmic rays up to the "knee" in the cosmic ray spectrum. We evaluate the potential of IceCube to identify similar sources in the southern sky by detailing an analytic approach to determine fluxes of muons from TeV gamma-ray showers. We apply this approach to known gamma-ray sources such as supernova remnants. We find that, similar to Milagro, detection is possible in 10 years fo…
Recently ANTARES collaboration presented a time dependent analysis to a selected number of flaring blazars to look for upward going muon events produced from the charge current interaction of the muon neutrinos. We use the same list of flaring blazars to look for possible positional correlation with the IceCube neutrino events. In the context of photohadronic model we propose that the neutrinos are produced within the nuclear region of the blazar where Fermi accelerated high energy protons interact with the background synchrotron/SSC photons. Although we found that some objects from the ANTARE…
IceCube analyses which look for an astrophysical neutrino signal in the southern sky face a large background of atmospheric muons and neutrinos created by cosmic ray air showers. By selecting starting events in the southern sky, atmospheric muons and neutrinos with accompanying muons are rejected, producing a sample with high astrophysical neutrino purity at lower energies than northern sky samples. Our new selection method looks for muon tracks from a neutrino interaction with a vertex contained inside the detector volume by using the good pointing resolution of the track morphology to create…
The ANTARES deep sea neutrino telescope has been taking data continuously since its completion in 2008. With its excellent view of the Galactic plane and good angular resolution the telescope can constrain the origin of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux reported by IceCube. Assuming various spectral indices for the energy spectrum of neutrino emitters, the Southern sky and in particular central regions of our Galaxy have been studied searching for point-like objects, for extended regions of emission, and for signal from transient objects selected through multi-messenger observations. For…
On October 1, 2019, the IceCube Collaboration detected a muon track neutrino with high probability of being of astrophysical origin, IC191001A. After a few hours, the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2019dsg, observed by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), was indicated as the most likely counterpart of the IceCube track. More recently, the follow-up campaign of the IceCube alerts by ZTF suggested a second TDE, AT2019fdr, as a promising counterpart of another IceCube muon track candidate, IC200530A, detected on May 30, 2020. These are the second and third associations between astrophysical sour…
Compelling evidence for the existence of astrophysical neutrinos has been reported by the IceCube collaboration. Some features of the energy and declination distributions of IceCube events hint at a North/South asymmetry of the neutrino flux. This could be due to the presence of the bulk of our Galaxy in the Southern hemisphere. The ANTARES neutrino telescope, located in the Mediterranean Sea, has been taking data since 2007. It offers the best sensitivity to muon neutrinos produced by galactic cosmic ray interactions in this region of the sky. In this letter a search for an extended neutrino …
This paper reviews the status of the search for high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources. Results from large neutrino telescopes in water (Antares, Baikal) and ice (IceCube) are discussed as well as observations from the surface with Auger and from high altitude with ANITA. Comments on IceTop, the surface component of IceCube are also included.
High-energy neutrinos are expected to be produced by the interaction of accelerated particles near the acceleration sites. For this reason, it is interesting to search for correlation in the arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and HE neutrinos. We present here the results of a search for correlations between UHECR events measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array and high-energy neutrino candidate events from IceCube and ANTARES. We perform a cross-correlation analysis, where the angular separation between the arrival directions of UHECRs and neutrino…
Dark matter is one of the main goals of neutrino astronomy. At present, there are two big neutrino telescopes based on the Cherenkov technique in ice and water: IceCube at the South Pole and ANTARES in the northern hemisphere. Both telescopes are performing an indirect search for Dark Matter by looking for a statistical excess of neutrinos coming from astrophysical massive objects. This excess could be an evidence of the possible annihilation of dark matter particles in the centre of these objects. In one of the most popular scenarios the Dark Matter is composed of WIMP particles. The analysis…
The hypothesis that high energy cosmic neutrinos are power law distributed is critically analyzed. We propose a model with two components that explains better the observations. The extragalactic component of the high energy neutrino flux has a canonical $E_ν^{-2}$ spectrum while the galactic component has a $E_ν^{-2.7}$ spectrum; both of them are significant. This model has several implications, that can be tested by IceCube and ANTARES in the next years. Moreover, the existence of a diffuse component close to the Galactic plane and that yields (20-30)\% of IceCube's events, is interesting for…
The results of three different searches for neutrino candidates, associated with the IceCube-170922A event or from the direction of TXS 0506+056, by the ANTARES neutrino telescope are presented. The first search refers to the online follow-up of the IceCube alert; the second is based on the standard time-integrated method employed by the Collaboration to search for point-like neutrino sources; the third uses the information from the IceCube time-dependent analysis reporting a bursting activity centered on December 13, 2014, as input for an ANTARES time-dependent analysis. The online follow-up …
The ANTARES detector is the most sensitive neutrino telescope observing the southern sky and the world's first particle detector operating in the deep sea. It is installed in the Mediterranean Sea at a depth of 2475 m. As an example of early results, the determination of the atmospheric muon flux is discussed and a good agreement with previous measurements is found. Furthermore, the results of a search for high-energy events in excess of the atmospheric neutrino flux are reported and significant limits are set on the diffuse cosmic neutrino flux in the multi-TeV to PeV energy range. Using data…
A search for astrophysical point-like neutrino sources using the data collected by the ANTARES detector between January 29, 2007 and December 31, 2017 is presented. A likelihood stacking method is used to assess the significance of an excess of muon neutrinos inducing track-like events in correlation with the location of a list of possible sources. Different sets of objects are tested in the analysis: a) a sub-sample of the \textit{Fermi} 3LAC catalog of blazars, b) a jet-obscured AGN population, c) a sample of soft gamma-ray selected radio galaxies, d) a star-forming galaxy catalog , and e) a…
The IceCube Collaboration has recently reported evidence for a high-energy extraterrestrial neutrino flux. During two years of operation 28 events with energies between 30 TeV and 1.2 PeV were observed while only 10.6 events were expected from conventional atmospheric backgrounds. The hadronic interactions responsible for this IceCube excess will also produce a flux of high-energy gamma-rays that can serve as a probe of source direction and distance. We show that existing TeV to PeV diffuse gamma-ray limits support the interpretation that the IceCube excess is mostly of extragalactic origin. H…
IceCube has discovered a flux of astrophysical neutrinos, and more recently has used muon-neutrino datasets to present evidence for one source; a flaring blazar known as TXS 0506+056. However, the sources responsible for the majority of the astrophysical neutrino flux remain elusive. Opening up new channels for detection can improve sensitivity and increase the discovery potential. In this work we present a new neutrino dataset relying heavily on Deep-Neural-Networks (DNN) to select cascade events produced from neutral-current interactions of all flavors and charged-current interactions with f…
We present the results of time-integrated searches for astrophysical neutrino sources in both the northern and southern skies. Data were collected using the partially-completed IceCube detector in the 40-string configuration between 2008 April 5 and 2009 May 20, totaling 375.5 days livetime. An unbinned maximum likelihood ratio method is used to search for astrophysical signals. The data sample contains 36,900 events: 14,121 from the northern sky, mostly muons induced by atmospheric neutrinos and 22,779 from the southern sky, mostly high energy atmospheric muons. The analysis includes searches…
Neutrino telescopes have a wide scientic scope. One of their main goals is the detection of dark matter, for which they have specic advantages. Neutrino telescopes offer the possibility of looking at several kinds of sources, not all of them available to other indirect searches. In this work we provide an overview of the results obtained by the ANTARES neutrino telescope, which has been taking data for almost ten years. One of the most interesting ones is the Sun, since a detection of high energy neutrinos from it would be a very clean indication of dark matter, given that no signicant astroph…
With the installation of its last two lines in May 2008, ANTARES is currently the largest neutrino detector in the Northern Hemisphere. The detector comprises 12 detection lines, carrying 884 ten-inch photomultipliers, at a depth of about 2500 m in the Mediterranean Sea, about 40 km off shore Toulon in South France. Thanks to its exceptional angular resolution, better than 0.3 degree above 10 TeV, and its favorable location with the Galactic Center visible 63% of time, ANTARES is specially suited for the search of astrophysical point sources. Since 2007 ANTARES has been taking data in smaller …
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic kilometer-sized detector designed to detect neutrinos of astrophysical origin. However, muons created by cosmic rays interacting in the atmosphere pose a significant background for these astrophysical neutrinos particularly in the southern equatorial sky. Identifying neutrino events that start in the detector allows us to reduce the atmospheric muon component while retaining a high rate of starting neutrino events. The method presented today also rejects atmospheric neutrinos if they are accompanied by muons from the same cosmic ray shower, lowering …
The ANTARES collaboration completed the installation of the first neutrino detector in the sea in 2008. It consists of a three dimensional array of 885 photomultipliers to gather the Cherenkov photons induced by relativistic muons produced in charged-current interactions of high energy neutrinos close to/in the detector. The scientific scope of neutrino telescopes is very broad: the origin of cosmic rays, the origin of the TeV photons observed in many astrophysical sources or the nature of dark matter. The data collected up to now have allowed us to produce a rich output of physics results, in…
Using the data recorded by the ANTARES neutrino telescope during 2007 and 2008, a search for high energy neutrinos coming from the direction of the Sun has been performed. The neutrino selection criteria have been chosen so as to maximize the rejection of the atmospheric background with respect to possible signals produced by the self-annihilation of weakly interactive massive particles accumulated in the centre of the Sun. After data unblinding, the number of neutrinos observed was found to be compatible with background expectations. The results obtained were compared to the fluxes predicted …
LHAASO detected 12 gamma-ray sources above 100 TeV which are the possible origins of Galactic cosmic-rays. We summarize the neutrino measurements by IceCube and ANTARES in the vicinity of LHAASO sources to constrain the contribution of hadronic gamma-rays in these sources. We find that the current observations constrain that the hadronic gamma-rays contribute no more than ~60% of the gamma-rays from Crab Nebula. Gamma-rays from two LHAASO sources, LHAASO J1825-1326 and LHAASO J1907+0626, are dominated by leptonic components up to ~200 TeV, under the hypotheses in the analysis by IceCube. The u…
The cubic kilometer IceCube neutrino telescope now operating at the South Pole in a near complete configuration observes the neutrino sky with an unprecedented sensitivity to galactic and extra-galactic cosmic ray accelerators. Within the multi-messenger framework, IceCube offers unique capabilities to correlate and contrast the neutrino sky with the gamma-ray sky and ultra high energy cosmic rays and complements other indirect and direct dark matter search programs. We review here the status of the experiment and recent selected results. A discussion of the implications of the observations wi…
Galactic Center Neutrinos from Cosmic Ray-Dark Matter Interactions
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino（意大利国家核物理研究所都灵分部）；Universidad Autónoma de Madrid（马德里自治大学）；Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC（马德里自治大学-西班牙高等科学研究理事会理论物理研究所）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）；Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所）；Washington University（华盛顿大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
We present results of an archival coincidence analysis between Fermi LAT gamma-ray data and public neutrino data from the IceCube neutrino observatory's 40-string (IC40) and 59-string (IC59) observing runs. Our analysis has the potential to detect either a statistical excess of neutrino + gamma-ray ($ν$+$γ$) emitting transients or, alternatively, individual high gamma-multiplicity events, as might be produced by a neutrino observed by IceCube coinciding with a LAT-detected gamma-ray burst. Dividing the neutrino data into three datasets by hemisphere (IC40, IC59-North, and IC59-South), we const…
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole has been completed in December 2010. In this paper we describe the final detector and report results on physics and performance using data taken at different stages of the yet incomplete detector. No signals for cosmic neutrinos from point sources and diffuse fluxes have been found. Prospects of these searches, including the setup of multi-messenger programs, are discussed. The limits on neutrinos from GRBs, being far below model predictions, require a reevaluation of GRB model assumptions. Various measurements of cosmic ray properties have be…
A novel method to analyse the spatial distribution of neutrino candidates recorded with the ANTARES neutrino telescope is introduced, searching for an excess of neutrinos in a region of arbitrary size and shape from any direction in the sky. Techniques originating from the domains of machine learning, pattern recognition and image processing are used to purify the sample of neutrino candidates and for the analysis of the obtained skymap. In contrast to a dedicated search for a specific neutrino emission model, this approach is sensitive to a wide range of possible morphologies of potential sou…
Spectral and anisotropy properties of IceCube astrophysical neutrino signal reveal an evidence for a significant Galactic contribution to the neutrino flux in Southern hemisphere. We check if the Galactic contribution is detectable in the astrophysical muon neutrino flux observed from a low positive declinations region of the Northern sky. Estimating the Galactic neutrino flux in this part of the sky from gamma-ray and Southern sky neutrino data, we find that the Northern sky astrophysical muon neutrino signal shows an excess over the Galactic flux. This points to the presence of an additional…
Point source searches with the IceCube neutrino telescope have been restricted to one hemisphere, due to the exclusive selection of upward going events as a way of rejecting the atmospheric muon background. We show that the region above the horizon can be included by suppressing the background through energy-sensitive cuts. This approach improves the sensitivity above PeV energies, previously not accessible for declinations of more than a few degrees below the horizon due to the absorption of neutrinos in Earth. We present results based on data collected with 22 strings of IceCube, extending i…
The flux of very high-energy neutrinos produced in our Galaxy by the interaction of accelerated cosmic rays with the interstellar medium is not yet determined. The characterization of this flux will shed light on Galactic accelerator features, gas distribution morphology and Galactic cosmic ray transport. The central Galactic plane can be the site of an enhanced neutrino production, thus leading to anisotropies in the extraterrestrial neutrino signal as measured by the IceCube Collaboration. The ANTARES neutrino telescope, located in the Mediterranean Sea, offers a favourable view on this part…
The ANTARES detector is at present the most sensitive neutrino telescope in the Northern Hemisphere. The highly significant cosmic neutrino excess observed by the Antarctic IceCube detector can be studied with ANTARES, exploiting its complementing field of view, exposure, and lower energy threshold. Searches for an all-flavor diffuse neutrino signal, covering 9 years of ANTARES data taking, are presented in this letter. Upward-going events are used to reduce the atmospheric muon background. This work includes for the first time in ANTARES both track-like (mainly $ν_μ)$ and shower-like (mainly …
A clue to finding the long-sought sources of cosmic rays is the recent observation of an astrophysical flux of high-energy neutrinos by the IceCube detector, since these possibly originate in hadronic interactions at cosmic-ray accelerators. While the neutrino sky map shows no significant indication of point sources so far, it is possible to utilize the sensitivity of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) arrays, such as VERITAS, to search for hadronic gamma-ray emission from the neutrino directions. Over the last 2 years, the positions of neutrino events detected by IceCube have been observe…
A search for high-energy neutrino emission correlated with gamma-ray bursts outside the electromagnetic prompt-emission time window is presented. Using a stacking approach of the time delays between reported gamma-ray burst alerts and spatially coincident muon-neutrino signatures, data from the Antares neutrino telescope recorded between 2007 and 2012 are analysed. One year of public data from the IceCube detector between 2008 and 2009 have been also investigated. The respective timing profiles are scanned for statistically significant accumulations within 40 days of the Gamma Ray Burst, as ex…
In this paper, after a short introduction to the physics of neutrino telescopes, we will report on first performances of the IceCube detector and a selection of preliminary results obtained from data taken while IceCube operated in a partially completed configuration (22 strings and 40 strings). We will emphasize new analysis methods recently developed for the study of the Southern Hemisphere as well as for extended regions. Based on the long term experience of AMANDA and IceCube, the South Pole ice has proven to be an ideal site for astroparticle physics. New ideas and projects about the futu…
A novel algorithm to reconstruct neutrino-induced particle showers within the ANTARES neutrino telescope is presented. The method achieves a median angular resolution of $6^\circ$ for shower energies below 100 TeV. Applying this algorithm to 6 years of data taken with the ANTARES detector, 8 events with reconstructed shower energies above 10 TeV are observed. This is consistent with the expectation of about 5 events from atmospheric backgrounds, but also compatible with diffuse astrophysical flux measurements by the IceCube collaboration, from which 2 - 4 additional events are expected. A 90% …
Point source searches with neutrino telescopes like IceCube are normally restricted to one hemisphere, due to the selection of up-going events as a way of rejecting the atmospheric muon background. In this work we show that the down-going region above the horizon can be included in the search by suppressing the background through energy-sensitive selection procedures. This approach increases the reach to the EeV regime of the signal spectrum, which was previously not accessible due to the absorption of neutrinos with energies above a PeV inside the Earth. We present preliminary results of this…
