arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2001.04327cs.FL
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具有状态的定维向量加法系统的可达性

Reachability in fixed dimension vector addition systems with states

Wojciech Czerwiński, Sławomir Lasota, Ranko Lazić, Jérôme Leroux, Filip Mazowiecki

摘要:

可达性问题是基于状态向量加法系统(VASS)的形式化验证的核心决策问题,VASS等价于Petri网,是研究和应用最多的并发模型之一。VASS的可达性也与来自计算机科学的许多领域的过多问题相互简化。尽管最近的进展,可达性问题的复杂性仍然悬而未决,它是密切相关的最短的VASS运行,见证可达性的长度。我们考虑固定维数的VASS,得到三个主要结果。对于前两个,我们假设输入中的整数以一元形式给出,并且给定VASS的控制图是平坦的(即,没有嵌套循环)。我们得到了一个家庭的VASS在3维的最短可达见证运行是指数,我们表明,可达性问题是NP-困难的7维。这些结果从负面解决了Blondin等人在LICS 2015年和Englert等人在LICS 2016年的工作中提出的问题,并贡献了区分3维平面VASS和2维VASS的第一个构造。我们的第三个结果,通过一个新的家庭的产品的整数分数,表明4维VASS可以有双指数长的最短可达见证运行。以前已知的最小尺寸是14。

英文摘要:

The reachability problem is a central decision problem for formal verification based on vector addition systems with states (VASS), which are equivalent to Petri nets and form one of the most studied and applied models of concurrency. Reachability for VASS is also inter-reducible with a plethora of problems from a number of areas of computer science. In spite of recent progress, the complexity of the reachability problem remains unsettled, and it is closely related to the lengths of shortest VASS runs that witness reachability. We consider VASS of fixed dimension, and obtain three main results. For the first two, we assume that the integers in the input are given in unary, and that the control graph of the given VASS is flat (i.e., without nested cycles). We obtain a family of VASS in dimension 3 whose shortest reachability witnessing runs are exponential, and we show that the reachability problem is NP-hard in dimension 7. These results resolve negatively questions that had been posed by the works of Blondin et al. in LICS 2015 and Englert et al. in LICS 2016, and contribute a first construction that distinguishes 3-dimensional flat VASS from 2-dimensional VASS. Our third result, by means of a novel family of products of integer fractions, shows that 4-dimensional VASS can have doubly exponentially long shortest reachability witnessing runs. The smallest dimension for which this was previously known is 14.

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