A hyper luminous starburst at z=4.72 magnified by a lensing galaxy pair at z=1.48
L. Ciesla, M. Béthermin, E. Daddi, J. Richard, T. Diaz-Santos, M. T. Sargent, D. Elbaz, M. Boquien, T. Wang, C. Schreiber, C. Yang, J. Zabl, M. Fraser, M. Arave… 展开作者
L. Ciesla, M. Béthermin, E. Daddi, J. Richard, T. Diaz-Santos, M. T. Sargent, D. Elbaz, M. Boquien, T. Wang, C. Schreiber, C. Yang, J. Zabl, M. Fraser, M. Aravena, R. J. Assef, A. J. Baker, A. Beelen, A. Boselli, F. Bournaud, D. Burgarella, V. Charmandaris, P. Côté, B. Epinat, L. Ferrarese, R. Gobat, O. Ilbert
备注：
14 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
[Abridged] We discovered in the Herschel Reference Survey an extremely bright IR source with $S_{500}$~120mJy (Red Virgo 4 - RV4). Based on IRAM/EMIR and IRAM/NOEMA detections of the CO(5-4), CO(4-3), and [CI] lines, RV4 is located at z=4.724, yielding a total observed L$_{IR}$ of 1.1+/-0.6x0$^{14}$L$_{\odot}$. At the position of the Herschel emission, three blobs are detected with the VLA at 10cm. The CO(5-4) line detection of each blob confirms that they are at the same redshift with the same line width, indicating that they are multiple images of the same source. In Spitzer and deep optical observations, two sources, High-z Lens 1 (HL1) West and HL1 East, are detected at the center of the three VLA/NOEMA blobs. These two sources are placed at z=1.48 with XSHOOTER spectra, suggesting that they could be merging and gravitationally lensing the emission of RV4. HL1 is the second most distant lens known to date in strong lensing systems. The Einstein radius of the lensing system is 2.2"+/-0.2 (20kpc). The high redshift of HL1 and the large Einstein radius are highly unusual for a strong lensing system. We present the ISM properties of the background source RV4. Different estimates of the gas depletion time yield low values suggesting that RV4 is a SB galaxy. Among all high-z SMGs, this source exhibits one of the lowest L$_{[CI]}$ to L$_{IR}$ ratios, 3.2+/-0.9x10$^{-6}$, suggesting an extremely short gas tdepl of only 14+/-5Myr. It also shows a relatively high L$_{[CI]}$ to L$_{CO(4-3)}$ ratio (0.7+/-0.2) and low L$_{CO(5-4)}$ to L$_{IR}$ ratio (only ~50% of the value expected for normal galaxies) hinting a low density of gas. Finally, we discuss that the short tdepl of RV4 can be explained by either a very high SFE, which is difficult to reconcile with major mergers simulations of high-z galaxies, or a rapid decrease of SF, which would bias the estimate of tdepl toward low value.
In the past decade, our understanding of how stars and galaxies formed during the first 5 billion years after the Big Bang has been revolutionized by observations that leverage gravitational lensing by intervening masses, which act as natural cosmic telescopes to magnify background sources. Previous studies have harnessed this effect to probe the distant universe at ultraviolet, optical, infrared and millimeter wavelengths. However, strong lensing studies of young, star-forming galaxies have never extended into X-ray wavelengths, which uniquely trace high-energy phenomena. Here we report an X-…
We construct a simple, spherical blastwave model to estimate the pressure structure of the intergalactic medium surrounding hyper-starburst galaxies, and argue that the effects of interaction with star-forming galaxy winds may be approximated at early times by an adiabatically expanding, self-similar `bubble' as described by Weaver et al. (1977) and Ostriker & McKee (1988). This model is used to make observational predictions for the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in the shocked bubble plasma. Radiative cooling losses are explored, and it is found that bremsstrahlung will limit the epoch of…
We report the discovery of a high-redshift, massive molecular outflow in the starburst galaxy SPT0346-52 ($z=5.656$) via the detected absorption of high-excitation water transitions (H$_2$O $4_{2,3}-4_{1,4}$ and H$_2$O $3_{3,0}-3_{2,1}$) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The host galaxy is one of the most powerful starburst galaxies at high redshift (star formation rate; SFR $\sim3,600$M$_\odot$year$^{-1}$), with an extremely compact ($\sim320$pc) star formation region and a star formation rate surface density ($Σ_{SFR}\sim5,500$M$_{\odot}~$year$^{-1}~$kpc$^{-2}$) f…
We present ALMA ultra-high-spatial resolution ($\sim 20 \, {\rm mas}$) observations of dust continuum at $920 \, {\rm μm}$ and $1.2 \, {\rm mm}$ in a pair of submm galaxies (SMGs) at $z = 3.442$, ALMACAL-1 (A-1: $S_{\rm 870 μm} = 6.5 \pm 0.2 \, {\rm mJy}$) and ALMACAL-2 (A-2: $S_{\rm 870 μm} = 4.4 \pm 0.2 \, {\rm mJy}$). The spectroscopic redshifts of A-1 and A-2 have been confirmed via serendipitous detection of up to nine emission lines. Our ultra-high-spatial resolution data reveal that about half of the star formation in each of these starbursts is dominated by a single compact clump (FWHM…
We report new observations toward the hyper-luminous dusty starbursting major merger ADFS-27 (z=5.655), using ATCA and ALMA. We detect CO 2-1, 8-7, 9-8, 10-9 and H2O(321-221) emission, and a P-Cygni-shaped OH+(11-01) absorption/emission feature. We also tentatively detect H2O(321-312) and OH+(12-01) emission and CH+(1-0) absorption. We find a total cold molecular mass of M_gas = (2.1+/-0.2) x 10^11 (alpha_CO/1.0) Msun. We also find that the excitation of the star-forming gas is overall moderate for a z>5 dusty starburst, which is consistent with its moderate dust temperature. A high density, h…
SPT0346-52 is one of the most most luminous and intensely star-forming galaxies in the universe, with L_FIR > 10^13 L_sol and Sigma_SFR ~ 4200 M_sol yr^-1 kpc^-2. In this paper, we present ~0.15'' ALMA observations of the [CII]158micron emission line in this z=5.7 dusty star-forming galaxy. We use a pixellated lensing reconstruction code to spatially and kinematically resolve the source-plane [CII] and rest-frame 158 micron dust continuum structure at ~700 pc (~0.12'') resolution. We discuss the [CII] deficit with a pixellated study of the L_[CII]/L_FIR ratio in the source plane. We find that …
We present ALMA, NOEMA, and IRAM-30m/EMIR observations of the high-density tracer molecules HCN, HCO+, and HNC in three of the brightest lensed dusty star-forming galaxies at z~3-3.5, part of the Planck's Dusty GEMS sample, to probe the gas reservoirs closely associated with their exceptional levels of star formation. We obtain robust detections of ten emission lines between J_up=4 and 6, as well as several additional flux upper limits. In PLCK_G244.8+54.9, the brightest source at z=3.0, the HNC(5-4) line emission at 0.1" resolution, together with other spatially-integrated line profiles, sugg…
We present Chandra ACIS-S and ATCA radio continuum observations of the strongly lensed dusty, star-forming galaxy SPT-S J034640-5204.9 (hereafter SPT0346-52) at $z$ = 5.656. This galaxy has also been observed with ALMA, HST, Spitzer, Herschel, APEX, and the VLT. Previous observations indicate that if the infrared (IR) emission is driven by star formation, then the inferred lensing-corrected star formation rate ($\sim$ 4500 $M_{\sun}$ yr$^{-1}$) and star formation rate surface density $Σ_{\rm SFR}$ ($\sim$ 2000 $M_{\sun} {yr^{-1}} {kpc^{-2}}$) are both exceptionally high. It remained unclear fr…
We report the detection of ADFS-27, a dusty, starbursting major merger at a redshift of z=5.655, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). ADFS-27 was selected from Herschel/SPIRE and APEX/LABOCA data as an extremely red "870 micron riser" (i.e., S_250<S_350<S_500<S_870), demonstrating the utility of this technique to identify some of the highest-redshift dusty galaxies. A scan of the 3mm atmospheric window with ALMA yields detections of CO(5-4) and CO(6-5) emission, and a tentative detection of H2O(211-202) emission, which provides an unambiguous redshift measurement. The…
We present high-spatial-resolution ($\sim 0.12''$ or $\approx 800 \, {\rm pc}$ at $z = 4.5$) ALMA $870\,μ$m dust continuum observations of a sample of 44 ultrared dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) selected from the H-ATLAS and HerMES far-infrared surveys because of their red colors from 250 to 500 $μ$m: $S_{500} / S_{250} > 1.5$ and $S_{500} / S_{350} > 1.0$. With photometric redshifts in the range $z \sim 4$-6, our sample includes the most luminous starbursting systems in the early Universe known so far, with total obscured star-formation rates (SFRs) of up to $\sim 4,500 \, M_\odot \, {\rm…
We report ALMA observations of the dust continuum and {\cii} emission of the host galaxy of J0439+1634, a gravitationally lensed quasar at $z=6.5$. Gravitational lensing boosts the source-plane resolution to $\sim0\farcs15$ $(\sim0.8\text{ kpc})$. The lensing model derived from the ALMA data is consistent with the fiducial model in \citet{fan19} based on {\it HST} imaging. The host galaxy of J0439+1634 can be well-fitted by a Sérsic profile consistent with an exponential disk, both in the far-infrared (FIR) continuum and the {\cii} emission. The overall magnification is $4.53\pm0.05$ for the c…
The host galaxy of the quasar SDSS J114816.64+525150.3 (at redshift z=6.42, when the Universe was <1 billion years old) has an infrared luminosity of 2.2x10^13 L_sun, presumably significantly powered by a massive burst of star formation. In local examples of extremely luminous galaxies such as Arp220, the burst of star formation is concentrated in the relatively small central region of <100pc radius. It is unknown on which scales stars are forming in active galaxies in the early Universe, which are likely undergoing their initial burst of star formation. We do know that at some early point str…
While the formation of stellar clumps in distant galaxies is usually attributed to gravitational violent disk instabilities, we show here that major mergers also represent a competitive mechanism to form bright clumps. Using ~0.1'' resolution ACS F814W images in the entire COSMOS field, we measure the fraction of clumpy emission in 109 main sequence (MS) and 79 Herschel-detected starbursts (off-MS) galaxies at 0.5 < z < 0.9, representative of normal versus merger induced star-forming activity, respectively. We additionally identify merger samples from visual inspection and from Gini-M20 morpho…
We present high-resolution ($\lesssim0.1$arcsec) ALMA observations of the strongly-lensed galaxy HATLASJ113526.2-01460 at redshift $z\sim3.1$ discovered in the Gama 12$^{\rm th}$ field of the Herschel-ATLAS survey. The gravitationally lensed system is remarkably peculiar in that neither the background source nor the foreground lens show a clearly detected optical/NIR emission. We perform accurate lens modeling and source morphology reconstruction in three different (sub-)mm continuum bands, and in the C[II] and CO(8-7) spectral lines. The modeling indicates a foreground lensing (likely ellipti…
Pseudo Little Red Dot: an Active Black Hole Embedded in a Dense and Dusty, Metal-Poor Starburst Galaxy at z=5.96
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学卡普坦天文研究所）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA)（奥地利科学技术研究所）
We report the detection of the ground state rotational emission of ammonia, ortho-NH$_3$ $(J_K=1_0\rightarrow0_0)$ in a gravitationally lensed, intrinsically hyperluminous, star-bursting galaxy at $z=2.6$. The integrated line profile is consistent with other molecular and atomic emission lines which have resolved kinematics well-modelled by a 5 kpc-diametre rotating disc. This implies that the gas responsible for NH$_3$ emission is broadly tracing the global molecular reservoir, but likely distributed in pockets of high density ($n\gtrsim5\times10^4$ cm$^{-3}$). With a luminosity of $2.8\times…
The Planck All-Sky Survey to Analyze Gravitationally-lensed Extreme Starbursts (PASSAGES) project aims to identify a population of extremely luminous galaxies using the Planck All-Sky Survey and to explore the nature of their gas fuelling, induced starburst, and the resulting feedback that shape their evolution. Here, we report the identification of 22 high redshift luminous dusty star forming galaxies (DSFGs) at $z=1.1-3.3$ drawn from a candidate list constructed using the Planck Catalog of Compact Sources (PCCS) and WISE All-Sky Survey. They are confirmed through follow-up dust continuum ima…
We have studied in detail a sample of 967 SPIRE sources with 5-sigma detections at 350 and 500 micron and associations with Spitzer-SWIRE 24 micron galaxies in the HerMES-Lockman survey area, fitting their mid- and far-infrared, and submillimetre, SEDs in an automatic search with a set of six infrared templates. For almost 300 galaxies we have modelled their SEDs individually to ensure the physicality of the fits. We confirm the need for the new cool and cold cirrus templates, and also of the young starburst template, introduced in earlier work. We also identify 109 lensing candidates via thei…
The Dragonfly Galaxy (MRC0152-209), at redshift z~2, is one of the most vigorously star-forming radio galaxies in the Universe. What triggered its activity? We present ALMA Cycle 2 observations of cold molecular CO(6-5) gas and dust, which reveal that this is likely a gas-rich triple merger. It consists of a close double nucleus (separation ~4 kpc) and a weak CO-emitter at ~10 kpc distance, all of which have counterparts in HST/NICMOS imagery. The hyper-luminous starburst and powerful radio-AGN were triggered at this precoalescent stage of the merger. The CO(6-5) traces dense molecular gas in …
We report an ultra-bright lensed submillimeter galaxy (SMG) at $z=2.0439$, {\it WISE} J132934.18+224327.3, identified as a result of a full-sky cross-correlation of the {\it AllWISE} and {\it Planck} compact source catalogs aimed to search for bright analogs of the submillimeter galaxy SMMJ2135, the Cosmic Eyelash. Inspection of archival SCUBA-2 observations of the candidates revealed a source with fluxes (S$_{850 μm}$= 130 mJy) consistent with the {\it Planck} measurements. The centroid of the SCUBA-2 source coincides within 1 arcsec with the position of the {\it AllWISE} mid-IR source, and, …
We present constraints on the molecular outflows in a sample of five Hyper-Luminous Infrared Galaxies using Herschel observations of the OH doublet at 119 μm. We have detected the OH doublet in three cases: one purely in emission and two purely in absorption. The observed emission profile has a significant blueshifted wing suggesting the possibility of tracing an outflow. Out of the two absorption profiles, one seems to be consistent with the systemic velocity while the other clearly indicates the presence of a molecular outflow whose maximum velocity is about ~1500 km/s. Our analysis shows th…
We report new observations of SL2SJ021737-051329, a lens system consisting of a bright arc at z=1.84435, magnified ~17x by a massive galaxy at z=0.65. SL2SJ0217 is a low-mass (M <10^9 M*), low-metallicity (Z~1/20 Z*) galaxy, with extreme star-forming conditions that produce strong nebular UV emission lines in the absence of any apparent outflows. Here we present several notable features from rest-frame UV Keck/LRIS spectroscopy: (1) Very strong narrow emission lines are measured for CIV 1548,1550, HeII 1640, OIII] 1661,1666, SiIII] 1883,1892, and CIII] 1907,1909. (2) Double-peaked LyA emission…
Using MIRI on-board JWST we present mid-infrared sub-arcsec imaging (MIRIM) and spectroscopy (MRS) of the hyperluminous infrared system SPT0311-58 at z=6.9. MIRI observations are compared with existing ALMA far-infrared continuum and [CII]158$μ$m imaging. Even though the ALMA observations suggests very high star formation rates (SFR) in the eastern (E) and western (W) galaxies of the system, the H$α$ line is not detected. This, together with the detection of the Pa$α$ line, implies very high optical nebular extinction with lower limits of 4.2 (E) and 3.9 mag (W), and even larger 5.6 (E) and 10…
Hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs) are a luminous, dust-obscured population recently discovered in the WISE All-Sky survey. Multiwavelength follow-up observations suggest that they are mainly powered by accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs), lying in dense environments, and being in the transition phase between extreme starburst and UV-bright quasars. Therefore, they are good candidates for studying the interplay between SMBHs, star formation and environment. W2246$-$0526 (thereafter, W2246), a Hot DOG at $z\sim4.6$, has been taken as the most luminous galaxy known in the Universe. Rev…
We report the detection of CO(1 - 0) line emission from seven Planck and Herschel selected hyper luminous (LIR(8-1000um) > 10^13Lsun) infrared galaxies with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). CO(1 - 0) measurements are a vital tool to trace the bulk molecular gas mass across all redshifts. Our results place tight constraints on the total gas content of these most apparently luminous high-z star-forming galaxies (apparent IR luminosities of LIR > 10^(13-14) Lsun), while we confirm their predetermined redshifts measured using the Large Millimeter Telescope, LMT (zCO = 1.33 - 3.26). The CO(1 - 0) li…
We present the discovery of PSO J083.8371+11.8482, a weak emission line quasar with extreme star formation rate at $z=6.3401$. This quasar was selected from Pan-STARRS1, UHS, and unWISE photometric data. Gemini/GNIRS spectroscopy follow-up indicates a MgII-based black hole mass of $M_\mathrm{BH}=\left(2.0^{+0.7}_{-0.4}\right)\times10^9~M_\odot$ and an Eddington ratio of $L_\mathrm{bol}/L_\mathrm{Edd}=0.5^{+0.1}_{-0.2}$, in line with actively accreting supermassive black hole (SMBH) at $z\gtrsim6$. HST imaging sets strong constraint on lens-boosting, showing no relevant effect on the apparent e…
Implication of a galaxy-scale negative feedback by one of the most powerful multi-phase outflows in a hyper-luminous infrared galaxy at the intermediate redshift
本文通过 Gemini 和 ALMA 观测发现中等红移超亮红外星系 J1126 中存在快速电离与高质量损失率分子外流并存的多相外流，揭示其由 AGN 热风或辐射压力驱动，能引发电离激波并增强气体解离，产生星系尺度负反馈，具长期调节宿主增长潜力。
Strong-lensing images provide a wealth of information both about the magnified source and about the dark matter distribution in the lens. Precision analyses of these images can be used to constrain the nature of dark matter. However, this requires high-fidelity image reconstructions and careful treatment of the uncertainties of both lens mass distribution and source light, which are typically difficult to quantify. In anticipation of future high-resolution datasets, in this work we leverage a range of recent developments in machine learning to develop a new Bayesian strong-lensing image analys…
Previous studies have shown that WISE-selected hyperluminous, hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs) are powered by highly dust-obscured, possibly Compton-thick AGNs. High obscuration provides us a good chance to study the host morphology of the most luminous AGNs directly. We analyze the host morphology of 18 Hot DOGs at $z\sim3$ using Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 imaging. We find that Hot DOGs have a high merger fraction ($62\pm 14 \%$). By fitting the surface brightness profiles, we find that the distribution of Sérsic indices in our Hot DOG sample peaks around 2, which suggests that most of …
We model the strong lensing effect in the galaxy cluster PSZ1 G311.65-18.48 (z=0.443) with an improved version of the hybrid method WSLAP+. We extend the number of constraints by including the position of critical points, which are combined with the classic positional constraints of the lensed galaxies. We pay special attention to a transient candidate source (Tr) previously discovered in the giant Sunburst arc (z=2.37). Our lens model predicts Tr to be within a fraction of an arcsecond from the critical curve, having a larger magnification factor than previously found, but still not large eno…
Blue Compact Dwarf (BCD) Galaxies in the nearby Universe provide a means for studying feedback mechanisms and star-formation processes in low-metallicity environments in great detail. Due to their vicinity, these local analogues to young galaxies are well suited for high-resolution studies that would be unfeasible for primordial galaxies in the high-redshift universe. Here we present HST-WFC3 observations of one such BCD, Mrk 71, one of the most powerful local starbursts known, in the light of [O II], He II, Hb, [O III], Ha, and [S II]. At D=3.44 Mpc, this extensive suite of emission line imag…
We present ALMA [CII] line and far-infrared (FIR) continuum observations of three $z > 6$ low-luminosity quasars ($M_{\rm 1450} > -25$) discovered by our Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. The [CII] line was detected in all three targets with luminosities of $(2.4 - 9.5) \times 10^8~L_\odot$, about one order of magnitude smaller than optically luminous ($M_{\rm 1450} \lesssim -25$) quasars. The FIR continuum luminosities range from $< 9 \times 10^{10}~L_\odot$ (3$σ$ limit) to $\sim 2 \times 10^{12}~L_\odot$, indicating a wide range in star formation rates in these galaxies. Most of the HSC…
