水蒸气中电四极红外跃迁的首次观测
First observation of electric-quadrupole infrared transitions in water vapour
摘要：
红外辐射的分子吸收通常是由于振转电偶极跃迁。电四极跃迁仍然可能发生，但它们通常比电偶极跃迁弱一百万倍，使它们的观测极具挑战性。在多原子或极性双原子分子中，从未观察到振转四极跃迁。在这里，我们报告的第一个直接检测四极跃迁的水蒸气。探测到的四极线的强度大大高于光谱数据库的标准偶极强度截止值，因此对于精确的大气和天文遥感非常重要。
英文摘要：
Molecular absorption of infrared radiation is generally due to ro-vibrational electric-dipole transitions. Electric-quadrupole transitions may still occur, but they are typically a million times weaker than electric-dipole transitions, rendering their observation extremely challenging. In polyatomic or polar diatomic molecules, ro-vibrational quadrupole transitions have never been observed. Here, we report the first direct detection of quadrupole transitions in water vapor. The detected quadrupole lines have intensity largely above the standard dipole intensity cut-off of spectroscopic databases and thus are important for accurate atmospheric and astronomical remote sensing.
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