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用MAGIC监测2012 - 2015年低发射状态期间的射电星系M87

Monitoring of the radio galaxy M87 during a low emission state from 2012 to 2015 with MAGIC

MAGIC Collaboration, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, … 展开作者

MAGIC Collaboration, V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, L. Bellizzi, E. Bernardini, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, A. Chilingaryan, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, U. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, V. D'Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, D. Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, A. Fernández-Barral, G. Ferrara, D. Fidalgo, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Fukami, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, N. Godinović, D. Green, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, M. Hütten, T. Inada, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, S. Masuda, D. Mazin, S. Mićanović, D. Miceli, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogués, M. Nöthe, S. Nozaki, S. Paiano, J. Palacio, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, P. Peñil, M. Peresano, M. Persic, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, C. Righi, A. Rugliancich, L. Saha, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, K. Satalecka, K. Schmidt, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczynska, A. Somero, A. Stamerra, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, M. Takahashi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, N. Torres-Albà, L. Tosti, S. Tsujimoto, V. Vagelli, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vazquez Acosta, C. F. Vigorito, V. Vitale, I. Vovk, M. Will, D. Zarić, MWL Collaborators, :, K. Asano, K. Hada, D. E. Harris, M. Giroletti, H. E. Jermak, J. P. Madrid, F. Massaro, S. Richter, F. Spanier, I. A. Steele, R. C. Walker

摘要:

M87是最近的(z=0.00436)河外源之一,发射极高能量(VHE,E > 100 GeV)。本工作的目的是定位VHE γ射线发射的区域,并描述在低VHE γ射线状态下观测到的宽带谱能量分布(SED)。作为MAGIC监测计划的一部分,在2012年至2015年期间收集的M87数据进行了分析,并与Fermi-LAT,Chandra,HST,EVN,VLBA和利物浦望远镜的多波长数据相结合。平均VHE γ能谱在100 GeV ~ 10 TeV范围内可用简单的幂律拟合,光子指数为(-2.41 $\pm$ 0.07),而300 GeV以上的积分通量为$(1.44 \pm 0.13) \times 10^{-12} cm^{-2} s^{-1}$。在2012年至2015年的活动中,M87在所有观测到的波长下都处于低发射状态。目前2012-2015年M87活动的VHE伽马射线通量与2013年每日时间尺度上的恒定通量(具有一些变化性($\sim3σ$))一致。低态的伽马射线辐射可能与耀斑辐射来自同一区域。鉴于宽带SED,轻子同步自康普顿和混合光强子模型再现现有的数据以及,即使后者是首选。然而,我们注意到,在轻子的情况下,存储在磁场中的能量是非常低的,这表明一个物质主导的发射区。

英文摘要:

M87 is one of the closest (z=0.00436) extragalactic sources emitting at very-high-energies (VHE, E > 100 GeV). The aim of this work is to locate the region of the VHE gamma-ray emission and to describe the observed broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) during the low VHE gamma-ray state. The data from M87 collected between 2012 and 2015 as part of a MAGIC monitoring programme are analysed and combined with multi-wavelength data from Fermi-LAT, Chandra, HST, EVN, VLBA and the Liverpool Telescope. The averaged VHE gamma-ray spectrum can be fitted from 100GeV to 10TeV with a simple power law with a photon index of (-2.41 $\pm$ 0.07), while the integral flux above 300GeV is $(1.44 \pm 0.13) \times 10^{-12} cm^{-2} s^{-1}$. During the campaign between 2012 and 2015, M87 is generally found in a low emission state at all observed wavelengths. The VHE gamma-ray flux from the present 2012-2015 M87 campaign is consistent with a constant flux with some hint of variability ($\sim3σ$) on a daily timescale in 2013. The low-state gamma-ray emission likely originates from the same region as the flare-state emission. Given the broadband SED, both a leptonic synchrotron self Compton and a hybrid photo-hadronic model reproduce the available data well, even if the latter is preferred. We note, however, that the energy stored in the magnetic field in the leptonic scenario is very low suggesting a matter dominated emission region.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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