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arXiv 2001.00949astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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旋转引起的小天体II的YORP分裂的主序后碎片:多重裂变、内部强度和二元产生

Post-main-sequence debris from rotation-induced YORP break-up of small bodies II: multiple fissions, internal strengths and binary production

Dimitri Veras, Daniel J. Scheeres

摘要:

超过四分之一的白矮星含有可观测到的来自系外小行星分裂的金属碎片。了解这些碎片的物理和轨道历史将使我们能够自洽地将行星系的形成和命运联系起来。一个主要的碎片库是在恒星演化的巨分支阶段由YORP引起的旋转裂变产生的,在这个阶段恒星的光度可以超过太阳四个数量级。在这里,我们确定的功效的巨大分支YORP效应的小行星与非零的内部强度,和模型裂变后的演变施加简单的分析碎片处方。我们发现,即使是最高的现实内部强度不能防止小行星的广泛碎片和生产的碎片场超过100 AU的大小。我们计算连续的裂变事件的数量,因为它们发生在逐渐变小的时间间隔,因为恒星上升的巨大分支,提供了一种方法来生成小行星碎片的大小分布。结果是非常不敏感的祖恒星质量。我们还得出结论,巨大的分支YORP分裂可以产生二进制小行星子系统的容易程度是强烈依赖于内部强度。形成的二进制子系统反过来可能是短暂的,由于所产生的亮度增强BYORP效应。

英文摘要:

Over one quarter of white dwarfs contain observable metallic debris from the breakup of exo-asteroids. Understanding the physical and orbital history of this debris would enable us to self-consistently link planetary system formation and fate. One major debris reservoir is generated by YORP-induced rotational fission during the giant branch phases of stellar evolution, where the stellar luminosity can exceed the Sun's by four orders of magnitude. Here, we determine the efficacy of the giant branch YORP effect for asteroids with nonzero internal strength, and model post-fission evolution by imposing simple analytic fragmentation prescriptions. We find that even the highest realistic internal strengths cannot prevent the widespread fragmentation of asteroids and the production of a debris field over 100 au in size. We compute the number of successive fission events as they occur in progressively smaller time intervals as the star ascends the giant branches, providing a way to generate size distributions of asteroid fragments. The results are highly insensitive to progenitor stellar mass. We also conclude that the ease with which giant branch YORP breakup can generate binary asteroid subsystems is strongly dependent on internal strength. Formed binary subsystems in turn could be short-lived due to the resulting luminosity-enhanced BYORP effect.

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