Mohammad R. Ahmady
The light-front wavefunction for mesons predicted by holographic light-front QCD is used to obtain the light-cone distribution amplitudes for the light vector mesons and the transition form factors for B and $B_s$ decays to $ρ$, $K^*$ and $ϕ$ mesons. Here, I present some of our predictions as compared to lattice QCD, OCD sum rules and the available experimental data.
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We study the phenomenology of the recently proposed modified version of the Soft-Wall model of holographic QCD with a negative dilaton profile. We investigate vector and scalar mesons, evaluating mass spectra, decay constants and two-point correlation functions. We then study chiral symmetry breaking and compute the coupling of a scalar meson with two pseudoscalars. Finally, we compare the results with the ones found in the literature in the positive-dilaton case.
A Double-Dilaton Holographic Model of QCD: Running Coupling and Meson Phenomenology
该研究提出双重膨胀子全息QCD模型，通过破坏共形与手征对称性并纳入大N_c修正，成功描述强耦合常数从低能到高能的跑动，产生红外不动点及与实验相符的线性Regge轨迹。
We derive a light-front Schrodinger-type equation of motion for the quark-antiquark wave function of heavy quarkonia imposing constraints from the holographic soft-wall model.
We report that the pion radius, decay constant, EM and transition form factors can simultaneously and accurately be predicted in light-front holographic QCD with a universal AdS/QCD mass scale, provided dynamical spin effects are taken into account.
We discuss the link between the chiral symmetry of QCD and the numerical results of the light-front quark model, analyzing both the twist-2 and twist-3 distribution amplitudes of a pion. In particular, we exhibit that the pion twist-3 distribution amplitude can flip the sign of curvature as the cutoff scale for the transverse momentum gets lower than a typical scale of around 1 GeV.
We consider the light-front holographic QCD with the light-front wave functions for mesons, modified for massive quarks. We evaluate the wave functions, distribution amplitudes, and form factors for $π$, $ρ$, $K$, and $J/ψ$ mesons and photon-to-meson transition form factors for $π$, $η$, and $η^\prime$ mesons. The results are compared with the experimental data, wherever available.
Using light-front holography, we predict simultaneously the pion decay constant and the pion charge radius by taking into account (higher twist) dynamical spin effects whose relative importance is constrained by QCD.
The holographic basis is a novel tool which allows for a quantitative description of elementary/composite mixing in holographic duals of warped models. We apply this tool to bulk fermions in a slice of AdS_5 and determine the precise admixture of elementary source field and composite resonances forming the Standard Model fermions. In particular, for the phenomenologically important case of an IR localized right-handed top quark, we show that the massless eigenstate is approximately a 50/50 elementary-composite admixture. We also translate, in a simple yet quantitative manner, several of the ph…
Light front holographic QCD theory in the generalized uncertainty principle framework
本文将广义不确定性原理引入光前全息QCD，推导出GUP修正的强子质量谱方程，发现质量增大项显著提升了理论与实验的一致性。
Using the light-front holographic model, we study the transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) for the case of pion. At leading twist, the unpolarized parton distribution function $ f_{1π}(x,\bfk^{2}) $ and the Boer-Mulders function $ h_{1π}^{\bot}(x,\bfk^{2}) $ are obtained for pion. We calculate both the functions using the light-front holographic model with spin improved wave function and compare the predicted results with available results of other models. In order to provide inputs in predicting future experimental data, a LO evolution is performed from model scale to exp…
In this paper we review the hadroproduction mechanisms of double-charm baryons for the different experimental environments and reinterpret the SELEX and LHCb results.
We show that the holographic Schrödinger equation of light-front chiral QCD, together with the 't Hooft equation of (1+1)-dimensional QCD in the large $N_c$ limit, can simultaneously describe pion spectroscopy as well as the pion decay constant, charge radius, electromagnetic form factor, photon-to-pion transition form factor, Parton Distribution Function (PDF) and Distribution Amplitude (DA). Furthermore, the chiral-limit constraints, as encoded in the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner (GMOR) relation, are satisfied.
We present the leading-twist quark transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) for the spin-1 target, such as the $ρ$-meson, in the light-front framework. Specifically, we predict the TMDs in the light-front holographic model and compare with the light-front quark model predictions. We obtain the TMDs using the overlap of the light-front wave functions. We evaluate the ${\bf k}_\perp$ moments upto second order and compare with the available theoretical predictions. Further, we analyze the leading-twist parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the $ρ$-meson in the light-fr…
The spin asymmetries in SIDIS associated with $T$-odd TMDs are presented in a light-front quark-diquark model of a proton. To incorporate the effects of the final state interaction, the light front wave functions are modified to have a phase factor which is essential to have Sivers or Boer-Mulders functions. The Sivers and Boer-Mulder asymmetries are compared with HERMES and COMPASS data.
We investigate the properties of octet and decuplet baryons in a light-front holographic model. By taking into account the effect of nonvanishing quark mass, we obtain the modified light-front wave functions which are applicable at both low and high energy scales. We calculate the spectra, form factors, magnetic moments and electromagnetic radii of octet and decuplet baryons with the results all matching the experiments well. The axial charge, which describes the contribution of quark helicity to the proton spin in the quark-parton model at the high energy scale, is also consistent with the ex…
We account for dynamical spin effects in the holographic light-front wavefunction of the pion in order to predict its mean charge radius, decay constant, spacelike electromagnetic form factor, twist-2 Distribution Amplitude and the photon-to-pion transition form factor. Using a universal fundamental AdS/QCD scale of 523 MeV and a constituent quark mass of 330 MeV, we find a remarkable improvement in describing all observables.
Light-front holographic QCD provides a successful first approximation to hadron spectroscopy in the chiral limit of $(3+1)$-dim light-front QCD, where a holographic Schrödinger-like equation, with an emerging confining scale, $κ$, governs confinement in the transverse direction. In its supersymmetric formulation, light-front holography predicts that each baryon has two superpartners: a meson and a tetraquark, with their degenerate masses being generated by the same scale, $κ$. In nature, this mass degeneracy is lifted by chiral symmetry breaking and longitudinal confinement. In this paper, we …
We use an anti-de Sitter/Quantum Chromodynamics (AdS/QCD) holographic light-front wavefunction for the $ρ$ and $ϕ$ mesons, in conjunction with the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) dipole cross-section whose parameters are fitted to the most recent 2015 high precision HERA data on inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS), in order to predict the cross-sections for diffractive $ρ$ and $ϕ$ electroproduction. Our results suggest that the holographic meson light-front wavefunction is able to give a simultaneous description of the $ρ$ and $ϕ$ production data provided we use a set of light quark masses …
We show the 't Hooft Equation and the light-front holographic Schrödinger Equation are complementary to each other in governing the transverse and longitudinal dynamics of colour confinement in quark-antiquark mesons. Together, they predict remarkably well the light, heavy-light and heavy-heavy meson spectroscopic data. The universal emerging hadronic scale of light-front holography, $κ\approx 0.5$ GeV, controls the transverse dynamics of confinement in all mesons. In heavy-heavy mesons, it also coincides numerically with the 't Hooft coupling which governs longitudinal confinement, thus refle…
We predict the twist-2 Transverse Momentum Dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) of the pion, namely the unpolarized quark TMD, $f_{1}(x, k_\perp)$, and the transversely polarized quark TMD, also known as the Boer-Mulders function, $h^\perp_{1}(x, k_\perp)$, using a holographic light-front pion wavefunction with dynamical spin effects. These spin effects, in conjunction with gluon rescattering, are crucial to predict a non-zero holographic Boer-Mulders function. We investigate the use of a non-perturbative SU(3) gluon rescattering kernel, thus going beyond the usual approximation of p…
We predict the $\mathcal{V} \to \mathcal{P} γ$ decay widths and the $\mathcal{V} \to \mathcal{P} γ^{*}$ transition form factors, where $\mathcal{V}=(ρ, ω, K^*, ϕ)$ and $\mathcal{P}= (π,K, η,η^\prime)$, using spin-improved holographic light-front wavefunctions for the mesons. We find excellent agreement with the available data for both the decay widths and the timelike transition form factors extracted from the leptonic conversion decays $\mathcal{V} \to \mathcal{P} l^+ l^-$.
Gravitational form factors of the pion in light-front holographic QCD
该研究针对量子色动力学中π介子内部结构这一基本挑战，结合全息QCD与光前QCD，通过引入有效光前波函数计算π介子引力形状因子及半径，结果与格点QCD吻合良好，支持了现象学模型。
Non-equilibrium real-time dynamics and transport coefficients in Light-Front Holographic QCD
本研究扩展光前全息QCD框架，引入温度密度效应与度量涨落，计算强耦合QCD物质的关键输运系数，实现预平衡与热化动力学的实时建模，为重离子碰撞研究提供可检验预测。
We construct a Schrodinger-like equation for the longitudinal wave function of a meson in the valence qq-bar sector, based on the 't Hooft model for large-N two-dimensional QCD, and combine this with the usual transverse equation from light-front holographic QCD, to obtain a model for mesons with massive quarks. The computed wave functions are compared with the wave function ansatz of Brodsky and De Teramond and used to compute decay constants and parton distribution functions. The basis functions used to solve the longitudinal equation may be useful for more general calculations of meson stat…
The aim of these lectures is to convey a working knowledge of Light Front Holographic QCD and Supersymmetric Light Front Holographic QCD. We first give an overview of holographic QCD in general and then concentrate on the application of the holographic methods on QCD quantized in the light front form. We show how the implementation of the supersymmetric algebra fixes the interaction and how one can obtain hadron mass spectra with the minimal number of parameters. We also treat propagators and compare the holographic approach with other non-perturbative methods. In the last chapter we describe …
Holographic light-front QCD
本文综述了光前全息量子色动力学（HLFQCD）的核心要素，重点介绍在超共形代数中引入色禁闭尺度，并概述其在谱学、形状因子、部分子分布及纠缠熵与高能散射关系等方面的应用。
The light-front quantization of gauge theories such as QCD in light-cone gauge provides a frame-independent wavefunction representation of relativistic bound states, simple forms for current matrix elements, explicit unitarity, and a trivial vacuum. The freedom to choose the light-like quantization four-vector provides an explicitly covariant formulation of light-front quantization and can be used to determine the analytic structure of light-front wave functions and to define a kinematical definition of angular momentum. The AdS/CFT correspondence of large $N_C$ supergravity theory in higher-d…
We construct spin-improved holographic light front wavefunctions for the nucleons (viewed as quark-diquark systems) and use them to successfully predict their electromagnetic Sachs form factors, their electromagnetic charge radii, as well as the axial form factor, charge and radius of the proton. The confinement scale is the universal mass scale of light-front holography, previously extracted from spectroscopic data for light hadrons. With the Dirac and Pauli form factors normalized using the quark counting rules and the measured anomalous magnetic moments respectively, the masses of the quark…
The application of light front holographic QCD to B physics
本研究利用Brodsky和de Téramond发展的光前全息方法得到的强子波函数，计算轻矢量介子分布振幅，进而得到B介子跃迁形状因子及辐射衰变的相关贡献，并与实验数据对比。
We calculate the Standard Model (SM) predictions for the differential branching ratio of the rare $B_s \to ϕμ^+ μ^-$ decays using $B_s \to ϕ$ transition form factors (TFFs) obtained using holographic light-front QCD (hQCD) instead of the traditional QCD sum rules (QCDSR) . Our predictions for the differential branching ratio is in better agreement with the LHCb data. Also, we find that the hQCD prediction for $R_{K^*ϕ}$, the ratio of the branching fraction of $B \to K^* μ^+ μ^-$ to that of $B_s \to ϕμ^+ μ^-$ , is in excellent agreement with both the LHCb and CDF results in low $q^2$ range.
We investigate the quark Wigner distributions of the pion to reveal the multidimensional picture of pion. We have used the spin improved wave functions of pion deduced from the light-front holographic model of mesons. By using the Fock-state overlap representation, the Wigner distributions of an unpolarized, longitudinally polarized and transversely polarized quark inside the pion are calculated. We have presented the results of transverse Wigner distributions in impact-parameter space as well as in momentum space. In order to understand the role of skewness which gives the longitudinal moment…
A holographic description of scalar mesons is presented, in which two- and three-point functions are holographically reconstructed. Mass spectrum, decay constants, eigenfunctions and the coupling of the scalar states with two pseu- doscalars are found. A comparison of the results with current phenomenology is discussed.
Pion parton distribution functions and pion-nucleus induced $J/ψ$ production in extended light-front holographic QCD
本文通过轻前波函数确定介子部分子分布函数，并利用其与核部分子分布函数计算介子-核碰撞中$J/ψ$产生截面，结果与实验数据一致。
We use the no-wall holographic approach (a relative of the soft-wall one) to construct a universal description of vector mesons with arbitrary quark masses. The proposed model predicts a specific dependence of the parameters of radial Regge trajectories on the quark masses in a reasonable agreement with the meson phenomenology and some theoretical expectations.
Flavor-Dependent Dynamical Spin-Orbit Coupling in Light-Front Holographic QCD: A New Approach to Baryon Spectroscopy
本文提出一种新的轻前 holographic QCD 方法，通过引入依赖味的动态自旋-轨道势来研究自旋-轨道耦合对重子光谱的影响，预测了味依赖的质量分裂和 Regge 轨道，改进了轻和重重子光谱的描述。
We generalize the soft-wall and hard-wall models to a light-front holographic QCD model with a generic dilaton profile. The effective potential induced by a higher power dilaton profile is interpreted as a stronger color confinement at long distance, and it gradually evolves to the hard-wall model when the power increases to infinity. As an application, we investigate the exotic meson states recently discovered in experiments in the generic soft-wall model with a higher power dilaton profile, and the results are in agreement with the spectra of the exotic mesons. Our calculation indicates a we…
A phenomenological analysis of the scalar glueball and scalar meson spectra is carried out by using the AdS/QCD framework in the bottom-up approach. The resulting spectra are in good agreement for glueballs with lattice QCD results and for mesons with PDG data. We make use of the relation between the mode functions in AdS/QCD and the wave functions in Light-Front $QCD$ to discuss the mixing of glueballs and mesons. The results of our investigation point out that above 2 GeV scalar particles will appear in almost degenerate pairs of unmixed glueball and mesons states leading to an interesting p…
We show that (a) the conformal properties of Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space, (b) the properties of a field theory in one dimension under the full conformal group found by de Alfaro, Fubini and Furlan, and (c) the frame-independent single-variable light-front Schrödinger equation for bound states all lead to the same result: a relativistic nonperturbative model which successfully incorporates salient features of hadronic physics, including confinement, linear Regge trajectories, and results which are conventionally attributed to spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking.
We summarize the light-front coupled-cluster (LFCC) method for the solution of field-theoretic bound-state eigenvalue problems and indicate the connection with light-front holographic QCD. This includes a sample application of the LFCC method and leads to a relativistic quark model for mesons that adds longitudinal dynamics to the usual transverse light-front holographic Schrodinger equation.
The valence-quark distribution function of the pion has been of interest for decades; particularly, the profile it should adopt when $x\to1$ (the large-$x$ behavior) is subject of a long-standing debate. In the light-front holographic QCD (LFHQCD) approach, this behavior is controlled by the so called reparametrization function, $w_τ(x)$, which is not fully determined from first principles. We show that, owing to the flexibility of $w_τ(x)$, the large-$x$ profile $u^π(x)\sim (1-x)^{2}$ can be contained within the LFHQCD formalism. This is in contrast with a previous LFHQCD study~(Guy F. de Ter…
Predicting $\sin(2ϕ-ϕ_{s})$ azimuthal asymmetry in pion-proton induced Drell-Yan process using holographic light-front QCD
本研究在横动量依赖因子化框架下，结合全息光前π介子波函数与软墙AdS/QCD构建的质子TMD模型，计算Drell-Yan过程的方位角不对称性，探究非微扰SU(3)胶子再散射的作用，为研究非微扰QCD效应提供工具并指导实验。
We calculate the time reversal odd (T-odd) generalized transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (GTMDs) $F^o_{1,2}$ and $H^o_{1,1}$ in a light-front quark-diquark model based on ADS/QCD. In the limit of zero momentum transfer, these reduce to the Sivers and Boer-Mulders TMDs respectively. We have incorporated both scalar and axial vector diquarks in the model and obtained an overlap representation of the GTMDs using the light-front wave functions (LFWFs). Contribution from the final state interaction is incorporated at the level of one gluon exchange as a phase factor in the LFWF. We…
Radial Excitation Spectra of Light Pseudoscalar and Vector Mesons in Light-Front Holographic QCD
本工作通过扩展光前全息QCD的横向禁闭势，加入库仑和对数项，数值求解光前薛定谔方程，计算π、ρ和K*介子族的径向激发谱，将平均偏差从7.6%降至5.2%，改进了径向激发态的描述。
Light-front dynamics(LFD) plays an important role in hadron phenomenology. Last few years, however, it has been emphasized that treacherous points such as zero-mode contributions should be taken into account for successful LFD applications to hadron phenomenology. We discuss examples of treacherous points and present new progresses made last few years to handle them correctly.
A fundamental goal in QCD is to understand the non-perturbative structure of hadrons at the amplitude level--not just the single-particle flavor, momentum, and helicity distributions of the quark constituents, but also the multi-quark, gluonic, and hidden-color correlations intrinsic to hadronic and nuclear wavefunctions. A natural calculus for describing the bound-state structure of relativistic composite systems in quantum field theory is the light-front Fock expansion which encodes the properties of a hadrons in terms of a set of frame-independent n-particle wavefunctions. Light-front quant…
A new approach to nonperturbative QCD, holographic light-front QCD, provides a comprehensive model for hadron dynamics and spectroscopy, incorporating color confinement, a universal hadron mass scale, the prediction of a massless pion in the chiral limit, and connections between the spectroscopy of mesons, baryons and tetraquarks across the full hadron spectrum. In this article we present predictions for the Sivers asymmetry and related transverse momentum distributions for the proton based on the light-front wavefunctions of the baryon eigenstate predicted by holographic QCD.
Azimuthal spin asymmetries in pion-polarized proton induced Drell-Yan process at COMPASS using holographic light-front QCD
本文利用全息光前QCD和软壁AdS/QCD模型计算介子-质子Drell-Yan过程中的领头捻度方位角自旋不对称性，引入非微扰SU(3)胶子重散射核与次对数精度演化，预测结果与COMPASS实验数据一致。
A natural calculus for describing the bound-state structure of relativistic composite systems in quantum field theory is the light-front Fock expansion which encodes the properties of a hadrons in terms of a set of frame-independent n-particle wavefunctions. Light-front quantization in the doubly-transverse light-cone gauge has a number of remarkable advantages, including explicit unitarity, a physical Fock expansion, the absence of ghost degrees of freedom, and the decoupling properties needed to prove factorization theorems in high momentum transfer inclusive and exclusive reactions. A numbe…
Light-front dynamics(LFD) plays an important role in hadron phenomenology as evidenced from recent development of generalized parton distributions and other quantities involving hadrons. For successful LFD applications to hadron phenomenology, however, treacherous points such as zero-mode contributions should be taken into account. For a concrete example of zero-mode contribution, we present Standard Model analysis of vector anomaly in the CP-even form factors of W^{\pm} gauge bosons. Main distinguished features of LFD is discussed in comparison with other Hamiltonian dynamics. We also present…
Starting from the Hamiltonian equation of motion in QCD we find a single variable light-front equation for QCD which determines the eigenspectrum and the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons for general spin and orbital angular momentum. This light-front wave equation is equivalent to the equations of motion which describe the propagation of spin-$J$ modes on anti-de Sitter (AdS) space.
Pion Phenomenology from the Thermal Soft-Wall Model of Holographic QCD
本文基于热软墙模型研究有限温度下π介子的现象学性质，通过分析电磁形式因子、热质量等参数，验证了模型在低能强子动力学中的有效性。
$ρ$-meson spectroscopy and diffractive production using the holographic light-front Schrödinger equation and the 't Hooft equation
该研究联立全息光前 Schrödinger 方程与 't Hooft 方程得到 ρ 介子谱和 LFWFs，并结合色玻璃凝聚偶极截面预测衍射电产生，同时解释其多项结构性质。
Light-front wavefunctions obtained from holographic light-front QCD are used to obtain the distributions amplitudes for $K^*$ vector meson. Consequently, alternate predictions for rare B transitions to $K^*$ form factors are presented. In this talk, I compare our results for some rare B decay channels to those obtained from QCD sum rules and available experimental data.
In this paper we show that the intrinsic heavy-quark QCD mechanism for the hadroproduction of heavy hadrons at large $x_F$ can resolve the apparent conflict between measurements of double-charm baryons by the SELEX fixed-target experiment and the LHCb experiment at the LHC collider. We show that both experiments are compatible, and that both results can be correct. The observed spectroscopy of double-charm hadrons is in agreement with the predictions of supersymmetric light front holographic QCD.
An overview is given of recent progress on a variety of fronts in the global QCD analysis of the parton structure of the nucleon and its implication for collider phenomenology, carried out by various subgroups of the CTEQ collaboration.
We quantify the importance of dynamical spin effects in the holographic light-front wavefunctions of the pion, kaon, $η$ and $η^\prime$. Using a universal AdS/QCD scale and constituent quark masses, we find that such effects are maximal in the pion where they lead to an excellent simultaneous description of a wide range of data: the decay constant, charge radius, spacelike EM and transition form factors, as well as, after QCD evolution, both the parton distribution function and the parton distribution amplitude data from Fermilab. These dynamical spin effects lead up to a $30\%$ chance of find…
We present a procedure aiming at extending to the full kinematic domain a Generalized Parton Distribution obtained from a finite order truncation in Fock space. This method allows to fulfill both polynomiality and positivity at the same time and can be applied to any given models of Light-front wave-functions. In particular, we illustrate this on a three-body truncated wave-function of the chiral quark soliton model and show how a systematic phenomenology of GPD models based on LFWFs can be achieved with the help of the PARTONS framework, here using DVCS data. This paves the way for a unified …
In this paper the dynamical spin effects of the light-front holographic wavefunctions for light pseudoscalar mesons are studied using two different assumptions. These improved wavefunctions are then confronted with a number of sensitive hadronic observables: the decay constants of $π$ and $K$ mesons, their $ξ$-moments, the pion-to-photon transition form factor, and the pure annihilation $\bar{B}_{s}\to π^+ π^-$ and $\bar{B}_{d}\to K^+K^-$ decays. Taking $f_π$, $f_{K}$ and their ratio $f_{K}/f_π$ as constraint conditions, the $χ^2$ analyses for holographic parameters, including the mass scale p…
Color transparency, the reduction of initial- or final-state interactions in coherent nuclear processes, is a natural prediction of QCD provided that small-sized or point-like configurations (PLCs) are responsible for high-momentum transfer, high-energy, semi-exclusive processes. I use the FMS criteria for the existence of PLCs to show that the wave functions of light front holographic QCD, as currently formulated, do not contain a PLC.
We study the Wigner distributions of the pion using a holographic light-front pion wavefunction with dynamical spin effects to reveal its multidimensional structure.
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