即将进行的$\textit{James Webb Space Telescope}$($\textit{JWST}$)将允许在比以往任何时候都更微弱的探测水平上观测高红移星系,而针对引力透镜场的$\textit{JWST}$巡天预计将使恒星形成率非常低的$z\gtrsim 6$天体进入光谱研究的范围。随着越来越低的恒星形成活动的星系被纳入视野,许多用于分析综合星系光谱的标准方法在某些时候必然会崩溃,这是由于违反了良好采样的恒星初始质量函数(IMF)和缓慢变化的SFR的假设。我们认为,星系与SFR $\sim 0.1\ M_\odot$年$^{-1}$可能会出现在光谱检测限的$\textit{JWST}$在透镜领域,并调查在何种程度上恒星形成采样可能会影响光谱分析等对象。我们使用的$\small{\text{SLUG}}$光谱合成代码来证明,这样的效果很可能有显着的影响,例如,巴耳末发射线的光谱诊断。这些影响被发现主要源于SFR迅速变化的短($\sim$百万年)的时间尺度,由于恒星形成在有限的单位(星团),而一个采样不足的国际货币基金组织的影响被认为是微不足道的比较。与此相反,HeII和HI电离通量之间的比率被认为是敏感的IMF采样以及ICMF采样(初始集群质量函数的采样),这可能会影响解释的星系包含人口III恒星或其他来源的硬电离辐射。
英文摘要:
The upcoming $\textit{James Webb Space Telescope}$ ($\textit{JWST}$) will allow observations of high-redshift galaxies at fainter detection levels than ever before, and $\textit{JWST}$ surveys targeting gravitationally lensed fields are expected to bring $z\gtrsim 6$ objects with very low star formation rate (SFR) within reach of spectroscopic studies. As galaxies at lower and lower star formation activity are brought into view, many of the standard methods used in the analysis of integrated galaxy spectra are at some point bound to break down, due to violation of the assumptions of a well-sampled stellar initial mass function (IMF) and a slowly varying SFR. We argue that galaxies with SFR$\sim 0.1\ M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ are likely to turn up at the spectroscopic detection limit of $\textit{JWST}$ in lensed fields, and investigate to what extent star formation sampling may affect the spectral analysis of such objects. We use the $\small{\text{SLUG}}$ spectral synthesis code to demonstrate that such effects are likely to have significant impacts on spectral diagnostics of, for example, the Balmer emission lines. These effects are found to stem primarily from SFRs varying rapidly on short ($\sim$ Myr) timescales due to star formation in finite units (star clusters), whereas the effects of an undersampled IMF is deemed insignificant in comparison. In contrast, the ratio between the HeII- and HI-ionizing flux is found to be sensitive to IMF-sampling as well as ICMF-sampling (sampling of the initial cluster mass function), which may affect interpretations of galaxies containing Population III stars or other sources of hard ionizing radiation.
Blowing Star Formation Away in AGN Hosts (BAH) -- III. Serendipitous discovery of a $z\sim2.9$ star-forming galaxy lensed by the galactic bulge of CGCG 012-070 using JWST NIRSpec
JWST Catches a Strongly Gravitationally Lensed AGN In Transition from Type II to Type I
Eureka Scientific(尤里卡科学);University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所);University of Washington(华盛顿大学);Institute for Data-Intensive Research in Astrophysics and Cosmology (DiRAC), University of Washington(华盛顿大学天体物理学与宇宙学数据密集型研究所);eScience Institute, University of Washington(华盛顿大学eScience研究所);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);University of Massachusetts(马萨诸塞大学);Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台);International Space Science Institute(国际空间科学研究所)
Lensed stars in galaxy-galaxy strong lensing -- a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe
The University of Hong Kong(香港大学);University of Portsmouth(朴茨茅斯大学);Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)(坎塔布里亚物理研究所(CSIC-UC));University of Basque Country UPV/EHU(巴斯克大学);Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science(伊克尔巴斯基,巴斯克科学基金会);Donostia International Physics Center(圣塞巴斯蒂安国际物理中心);University of Minnesota(明尼苏达大学);Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul(南里奥格兰德联邦大学)
Resolving dust and Lyα emission in a lensed galaxy at the epoch of reionization with JWST/CANUCS
University of Ljubljana(卢布尔雅那大学);University of California Davis(加州大学戴维斯分校);Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学);University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学);INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);Saint Mary’s University(圣玛丽大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所)
Varstrometry for Off-nucleus and Dual Subkiloparsec AGN (VODKA): Three Quadruply Lensed Quasars at Cosmic Noon in HST and JWST
Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校);Wuhan University(武汉大学);Institute for Advanced Study(普林斯顿高等研究院);Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院)
JWST lensed quasar dark matter survey IV: Stringent warm dark matter constraints from the joint reconstruction of extended lensed arcs and quasar flux ratios
University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);University of California, Merced(加州大学默塞德分校);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);Stony Brook University(石溪大学);Carnegie Institution for Science(卡内基科学机构);University of California, Davis(加州大学戴维斯分校);The University of Tokyo(东京大学)
Gravitationally Lensed View of DSFG-1 in PLCK G165.7+67.0: Strong Dust Emission and Spatially Resolved Stellar Population Analysis with JWST and SMA
Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy (CASSACA), National Astronomical Observatories(NAOC)(中国科学院南美天文中心(CASSACA),国家天文台);School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院);Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院紫金山天文台);State Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院紫金山天文台射电天文与技术国家重点实验室);Department of Physics and Astronomy, Chalmers University of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学物理与天文系);Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 6 and CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris(索邦大学,巴黎第六大学及法国国家科学研究中心,UMR 7095,巴黎天文研究所);Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学天文学系/斯图尔德天文台)
Hedorah, the first yellow supergiant Kaiju star candidate at $z=3.7$ revealed by JWST behind AS1063
Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)(坎塔布里亚物理研究所);School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota(明尼苏达大学物理与天文学院);STAR Institute(STAR研究所);Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1(里昂第一大学);Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan(密歇根大学天文学系);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学物理与天文学系)
LEGGOS III: Mapping Star Formation and Dust in Gravitationally Lensed Galaxies with $\textit{SUMAC}$, a UMAP and Clustering Framework
University of Washington(华盛顿大学);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);University of Maryland, Baltimore County(马里兰大学巴尔的摩分校);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学)
Mirror images of lensed star clusters with mismatched spectral energy distributions: A possible signature of top-heavy stellar initial mass functions and extreme stars in high-redshift star clusters
Uppsala University(乌普萨拉大学);Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)(坎塔布里亚物理研究所(CSIC-UC));Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);Università degli studi di Padova(帕多瓦大学);INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova(意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台)
JWSTs PEARLS: NIRCam imaging and NIRISS spectroscopy of a $z=3.6$ star-forming galaxy lensed into a near-Einstein Ring by a $z=1.258$ massive elliptical galaxy
JWST's PEARLS: A Candidate Massive Binary Star System in a Lensed Galaxy at Redshift 0.94
University of Minnesota(明尼苏达大学);Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学);FORTH(希腊研究所);University of Manchester(曼彻斯特大学);University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);University of Louisville(路易斯维尔大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Ben-Gurion University of the Negev(内盖夫本-古里安大学);University of Maryland(马里兰大学);New York University Abu Dhabi(纽约大学阿布扎比分校);University of Missouri - Columbia(密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校)
Birds of a Feather: Resolving Stellar Mass Assembly With JWST/NIRCam in a Pair of Kindred $z \sim 2$ Dusty Star-forming Galaxies Lensed by the PLCK G165.7+67.0 Cluster
Two lensed star candidates at $z\simeq4.8$ behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0647.7+7015
我们报道了在最近的多波段詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)近红外摄像机观测中,在星系团MACS J0647.7+7015后面发现了两个极度放大的透镜状恒星候选者。候选者出现在先前已知的、横跨临界曲线的$z_{phot}\simeq4.8$脱落巨弧中。候选者位于预期的临界曲线位置附近,但在另一边缺乏清晰的反像,这表明它们可能是正在经历焦散交叉的恒星。我们提出了修订后的透镜模型的集群,包括多成像星系新发现的JWST数据,并使用它们来估计至少$\gtrsim90$和$\gtrsim50$在两个候选人的位置,分别的背景宏观放大率。有了这些值,我们期望两个候选恒星的$10^4-10^5$的有效的、焦散性交叉放大率。这两个候选人的光谱能量分布(SED)匹配以及光谱的B-型恒星的最佳拟合表面温度分别为$\sim10,000$ K和$\sim12,000$ K,我们表明,这样的恒星质量$\gtrsim20$ M $_{\odot}$和$\gtrsim50$ M $_{\odot}$,分别可以成为足够的放大被观察。我们简要地讨论了其他的解释,并得出结论,这些可能是透镜星,但也承认,放大较小的候选人可能是或居住在星团。这些恒星候选者构成了继$z_{phot}\simeq6.2$的埃伦德尔之后,迄今为止第二高红移的例子,进一步建立了利用JWST研究极度放大恒星到高红移的潜力。包括近红外光谱观测在内的计划…
SN 2022riv in RX J2129: Discovery, Spectroscopic Classification, and Microlensing of a Strongly Lensed Type Ia Supernova from JWST and HST Observations
University of Minnesota(明尼苏达大学);Oklahoma State University(俄克拉荷马州立大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Chiba University(千叶大学);Instituto de Física de Cantabria(坎塔布里亚物理研究所)
LEGGOS I: The JWST LEGGOS Survey -- LEnsing and Galaxy Growth: Observing Substructures -- Unpacks the Nature of Clumpy Star Formation and Quenching in Gravitationally Lensed Galaxies beyond Cosmic Noon
University of Washington(华盛顿大学);University of Pittsburgh(匹兹堡大学);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);Eureka Scientific(尤里卡科学公司);University of Cincinnati(辛辛那提大学);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心)
Detectability of Gravitationally Lensed Kilonovae in the Rubin LSST
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics(天文与天体物理大学间中心);Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)(宇宙物理与数学卡弗里研究所)
TDCOSMO XXIX: JWST/NIRSpec IFU Spatially Resolved Kinematics of Three Time-delay Lenses
University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Independent University, Bangladesh(孟加拉独立大学);University of Oxford(牛津大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Stony Brook University(石溪大学);Tohoku University(东北大学)
JWST lensed quasar dark matter survey V: Hints of self-interacting dark matter from 29 quadruply imaged quasars
University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙学物理研究所);University of California, Merced(加州大学默塞德分校);Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics(理论物理前沿研究所);Carnegie Observatories(卡内基观测站);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);University of California, Irvine(加州大学尔湾分校);Universidad Andres Bello(安德烈斯贝略大学);Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Chile(智利天体物理千年研究所);California Polytechnic State University(加州州立理工大学)