arXiv 1911.033892019-11hep-phastro-ph.CO

keV范围内的轻耦合暗物质：冻结产生与约束

Light(ly)-coupled Dark Matter in the keV Range: Freeze-In and Constraints

C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stony Brook（陈省身数学研究所，石溪）

Jae Hyeok Chang, Rouven Essig, Annika Reinert

备注：: 25 pages + appendices and references, 8 figures. v2: Contains corrections and clarifications. Version accepted by JHEP. v3, v4: Fixed errors in figures
发表信息：: JHEP 03 (2021) 141
DOI：: 10.1007/JHEP03(2021)141

AI总结：

本文研究了keV质量范围内的轻耦合暗物质通过冻结机制的产生及其约束，考虑了暗光子混合与电磁偶极耦合模型，分析了标准模型费米子湮灭和等离子体衰变的贡献，并推导了红巨星和水平分支星冷却的约束，发现冻结产生所需参数在几十keV处被排除，未来直接探测实验可能覆盖部分参数空间。

摘要：

通过热冻结产生的暗物质通常被限制在质量大于1 MeV。以上。然而，如果耦合很小，冻结机制允许暗物质产生至keV质量。范围。我们考虑了与暗光子耦合的暗物质，该暗光子与光子混合；以及通过电偶极矩或磁偶极矩与光子耦合的暗物质。我们讨论了标准模型费米子-反费米子湮灭和等离子体衰变对这类暗物质粒子冻结产生的贡献。我们还推导了来自红巨星和水平分支星冷却的对这类暗物质的约束，仔细分析了热过程以及在质量等于等离子体频率时占主导地位的轫致辐射过程。。我们发现，通过冻结获得观测到的遗迹丰度所需的参数在约几十keV处被排除，这取决于暗物质规范耦合常数的值（暗光子门模型），或者取决于暗物质具有电偶极矩或磁偶极矩时的 reheating 温度。。对于具有电偶极矩或磁偶极矩的暗物质，实验室探测目前无法探测到冻结产生的暗物质，但未来的直接探测实验可能会覆盖部分参数空间。

英文摘要：

Dark matter produced from thermal freeze-out is typically restricted to have masses above roughly 1 MeV. However, if the couplings are small, the freeze-in mechanism allows for production of dark matter down to keV masses. We consider dark matter coupled to a dark photon that mixes with the photon and dark matter coupled to photons through an electric or magnetic dipole moment. We discuss contributions to the freeze-in production of such dark matter particles from standard model fermion-antifermion annihilation and plasmon decay. We also derive constraints on such dark matter from the cooling of red giant stars and horizontal branch stars, carefully evaluating the thermal processes as well as the bremsstrahlung process that dominates for masses above the plasma frequency. We find that the parameters needed to obtain the observed relic abundance from freeze-in are excluded below a few tens of keV, depending on the value of the dark gauge coupling constant for the dark photon portal model, and below a few keV, depending on the reheating temperature for dark matter with an electric or magnetic dipole moment. While laboratory probes are unlikely to probe these freeze-in scenarios in general, we show that for dark matter with an electric or magnetic dipole moment and for dark matter masses above the reheating temperature, the couplings needed for freeze-in to produce the observed relic abundance can be probed partially by upcoming direct-detection experiments.

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