介子和重子辐射的研究进展
A review on radiation of oscillons and oscillatons
摘要：
数值模拟表明，在非线性理论中，大质量实标量场可以形成长寿命的振荡局域态。对于在固定背景上的自相互作用标量，这些物体被命名为引力子，而对于自引力的情况，它们被称为引力子。这一广泛的审查是关于这些解决方案的历史和各种一般性质，虽然主要集中在小，但非零的经典标量场辐射发射的。高振幅态的辐射可以用谱数值方法计算。对于小振幅和中等大振幅，可以使用基于复延拓、渐近匹配和Borel求和的分析方法。本文从最简单的一维标量介子出发，并在此基础上发展到$3+1$维自引力介子，详细介绍了计算能量损失率的过程。
英文摘要：
Numerical simulations show that a massive real scalar field in a nonlinear theory can form long-lived oscillating localized states. For a self-interacting scalar on a fixed background these objects are named oscillons, while for the self-gravitating case they are called oscillatons. This extensive review is about the history and various general properties of these solutions, though mainly focusing on the small but nonzero classical scalar field radiation emitted by them. The radiation for higher amplitude states can be calculated by a spectral numerical method. For small and moderately large amplitudes an analytical approach based on complex extension, asymptotic matching and Borel summation can be used. This procedure for the calculation of the energy loss rate is explained in a detailed way in this review, starting with the simplest one-dimensional scalar oscillons at first, and reaching to $3+1$ dimensional self-gravitating oscillatons based on that experience.
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