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arXiv 1911.03260gr-qcastro-ph.IMphysics.optics
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太阳引力透镜成像过程

Image formation process with the solar gravitational lens

Slava G. Turyshev, Viktor T. Toth

摘要:

我们研究了太阳引力透镜(SGL)的成像。我们考虑一个点源,是定位在一个大的,但有限的距离,从太阳。我们假设一个光学望远镜位于像平面上,在SGL的焦点区域。我们将望远镜建模为一个凸透镜,并计算在凸透镜的焦平面上形成图像的电磁场所产生的强度分布。我们首先调查的情况下,当望远镜位于SGL的光轴上或在其附近。这是SGL形成远源图像的强干扰区域,这是我们的主要兴趣。我们推导出解析表达式,描述了从爱因斯坦环对应的轴上望远镜的位置,两个亮点的情况下,当望远镜定位在距离光轴一定距离的图像的进展。在离光轴更远的地方,在弱干涉和几何光学的区域,我们恢复了从引力微透镜模型中熟悉的表达式,但在这里使用波动光学处理。我们讨论了SGL的成像和光谱系外行星的结果的应用。

英文摘要:

We study image formation with the solar gravitational lens (SGL). We consider a point source that is positioned at a large but finite distance from the Sun. We assume that an optical telescope is positioned in the image plane, in the focal region of the SGL. We model the telescope as a convex lens and evaluate the intensity distribution produced by the electromagnetic field that forms the image in the focal plane of the convex lens. We first investigate the case when the telescope is located on the optical axis of the SGL or in its immediate vicinity. This is the region of strong interference where the SGL forms an image of a distant source, which is our primary interest. We derive analytic expressions that describe the progression of the image from an Einstein ring corresponding to an on-axis telescope position, to the case of two bright spots when the telescope is positioned some distance away from the optical axis. At greater distances from the optical axis, in the region of weak interference and that of geometric optics, we recover expressions that are familiar from models of gravitational microlensing, but developed here using a wave-optical treatment. We discuss applications of the results for imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets with the SGL.

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