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arXiv 1910.08080hep-th
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检验简化的哈密尔顿算子QED

Testing Hamiltonian Reduced QED

Thomas C. Bachlechner

摘要:

在量子电动力学(QED)中,某些规范变换可能对物理状态起非平凡的作用。这一观察引发了一个尚未解决的问题,即如何描述规范理论的允许边界条件。Faddeev和Jackiw提出将高斯定律加在作用量上,以建立量子电动力学的哈密顿约化理论。这种约化消除了标量规范模,使理论具有明显的规范不变性和非奇异的辛形式。在这项工作中,我们表明,虽然约化理论的预测与传统的QED散射事件相吻合,它是实验区分。沿着环绕(但不受)电场的类时威尔逊环行进的电荷的量子干涉对由于与标量势的相互作用而引起的相对相移敏感。这是典型的电Aharonov-Bohm效应,在约化理论中不存在。尽管60多年前就有预测,但与众所周知的磁性对应物相比,这种电Aharonov-Bohm现象从未被观察到。我们提出了一个结论性的实验测试使用超导量子干涉。哈密尔顿约化使得θ项是非拓扑的。我们评论半经典引力的后果,它可能会减轻一个问题的措施。

英文摘要:

Certain gauge transformations may act non-trivially on physical states in quantum electrodynamics (QED). This observation has sparked the yet unresolved question of how to characterize allowed boundary conditions for gauge theories. Faddeev and Jackiw proposed to impose Gauss' law on the action to find the Hamiltonian reduced theory of QED. The reduction eliminates the scalar gauge mode, renders the theory manifestly gauge invariant and the symplectic form non-singular. In this work we show that while the predictions of the reduced theory coincide with those of conventional QED for scattering events, it is experimentally distinguishable. Quantum interference of charges traveling along time-like Wilson loops that encircle (but remain clear of) electric fields is sensitive to a relative phase shift due to an interaction with the scalar potential. This is the archetypal electric Aharonov-Bohm effect and does not exist in the reduced theory. Despite its prediction over six decades ago, and in contrast to its well known magnetic counterpart, this electric Aharonov-Bohm phenomenon has never been observed. We present a conclusive experimental test using superconducting quantum interferometry. The Hamiltonian reduction renders a theta term non-topological. We comment on consequences for semi-classical gravity, where it may alleviate a problem with the measure.

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