台风驱动增强海洋的深海底观测turbulence
Deep sea floor observations of typhoon driven enhanced ocean turbulence
摘要：
大规模大气扰动对深海底栖生物群落的影响在数量上并不十分清楚。观测很少，但可能揭示导致湍流扰动的具体过程。在这里，我们提出了高分辨率的深海观测研究潜在的湍流混合大的大气扰动。我们在海底部署了一组100 Hz采样率地球物理宽带海底地震仪（OBS）。在这个阵列的足迹内，我们还部署了一个海洋学1 Hz采样率垂直温度传感器串，覆盖了2017年6月至2018年4月期间台湾东部约3000米深度海底以上7至207米之间的水相。所有仪器都记录了4级气旋台风Talims在阵列东北方向通过，比气旋最接近的时间提前一天，当时气旋眼距离超过1,000公里。10天内，温度中出现了一组最明显的近惯性运动。这反映了正压响应对气旋的重要性和惯性重力波在弱密度层结中的传播。除了内潮，这些波驱动湍流倾覆大于200米，同时注册的OBS。湍流信号既不是由于地震活动，也不是由于海洋表面波作用。气旋不仅可以产生微震和地球嗡嗡声，还可以在水柱中产生湍流，产生额外的地面运动。量化湍流过程可能有助于限制沉积物再悬浮及其对深海底栖生物影响的模型。
英文摘要：
The impact of large atmospheric disturbances on deep benthic communities is not well known quantitatively. Observations are scarce but may reveal specific processes leading to turbulent disturbances. Here, we present high-resolution deep-ocean observations to study potential turbulent mixing by large atmospheric disturbances. We deployed an array of 100-Hz sampling-rate geophysical broadband Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBSs) on the seafloor. Within the footprint of this array we also deployed an oceanographic 1-Hz sampling-rate vertical temperature sensor string covering the water phase between 7 and 207 m above the seafloor at about 3000 m depth off eastern Taiwan between June 2017 and April 2018. All instruments registered Category 4 cyclone Typhoon Talims passage northeast of the array one day ahead of the cyclones closest approach when the cyclones eye was more than 1,000 km away. For 10 days, a group of near-inertial motions appeared most clearly in temperature. The registration reflects the importance of barotropic response to cyclones and the propagation of inertio-gravity waves in weak density stratification. In addition to internal tides, these waves drove turbulent overturns larger than 200 m that were concurrently registered by OBSs. The turbulent signals were neither due to seismic activity nor to ocean-surface wave action. Cyclones can generate not only microseisms and earth hums, as well as turbulence in the water column, producing additional ground motions. Quantified turbulence processes may help constrain models on sediment resuspension and its effect on deep-sea benthic life.
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