海底温度通量-温度梯度关系的估计
Estimates of the temperature flux-temperature gradient relation above a sea-floor
摘要：
利用高分辨率温度测量，从海洋学角度研究了温度（或浮力）通量、垂直温度梯度和海底以上高度之间的关系。对Balmforth等人（1998）提出的分层层演化模型进行了评述，并将其适用于壁面上方的湍流情况。利用Winters和D 'Asaro（1996）提出的通量估算方法，将模式预测值与平均观测通量估算值进行比较。这种估计方法能够解开平均通量对底部以上的高度和背景温度梯度的依赖关系。在观测中发现了经典的N型通量梯度关系。模型和观察结果显示出类似的定性行为，尽管在模型中使用了强大的简化。结果揭示了调制的温度通量的存在下的边界，并支持的想法湍流通量以下的混合长度参数在分层流。此外，结果支持使用的索普尺度接近边界，如果进行充分的平均，这表明索普尺度的混合长度以类似的方式受到边界的影响。
英文摘要：
The relation between the flux of temperature (or buoyancy), the vertical temperature gradient and the height above the bottom, is investigated in an oceanographic context, using high-resolution temperature measurements. The model for the evolution of a stratified layer by Balmforth et al. (1998) is reviewed and adapted to the case of a turbulent flow above a wall. Model predictions are compared to the average observational estimates of the flux, exploiting a flux estimation method proposed by Winters & D'Asaro (1996). This estimation method enables the disentanglement of the dependence of the average flux on the height above the bottom and on the background temperature gradient. The classical N-shaped flux-gradient relation is found in the observations. Model and observations show similar qualitative behaviour, despite the strong simplifications used in the model. The results shed light on the modulation of the temperature flux by the presence of the boundary, and support the idea of a turbulent flux following a mixing-length argument in a stratified flow. Furthermore, the results support the use of Thorpe scales close to a boundary, if sufficient averaging is performed, suggesting that the Thorpe scales are affected by the boundary in a similar way as the mixing length.
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