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arXiv 1909.07237astro-ph.HE
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剪切流中粒子加速问题简介

An Introduction to Particle Acceleration in Shearing Flows

Frank M. Rieger

摘要:

剪切流在空间和天体物理等离子体中普遍存在。本文着重介绍了剪切流中带电粒子非热加速的中心思想,并评述了最近的一些进展。主题包括在无碰撞相对论剪切流中微观不稳定性对带电粒子的加速,宏观、渐进和非渐进剪切流中的费米型粒子加速,以及大尺度速度湍流对剪切粒子的加速。当把在喷射的天体物理源,如活动星系核的背景下,结果说明了各种手段超出了传统的扩散冲击加速的幂律粒子分布可能会产生。这表明相对论剪切流可以解释高能电子的有效原位加速,并与极端宇宙射线的产生有关。

英文摘要:

Shear flows are ubiquitously present in space and astrophysical plasmas. This paper highlights the central idea of the non-thermal acceleration of charged particles in shearing flows and reviews some of the recent developments. Topics include the acceleration of charged particles by microscopic instabilities in collisionless relativistic shear flows, Fermi-type particle acceleration in macroscopic, gradual and non-gradual shear flows, as well as shear particle acceleration by large-scale velocity turbulence. When put in the context of jetted astrophysical sources such as Active Galactic Nuclei, the results illustrate a variety of means beyond conventional diffusive shock acceleration by which power-law like particle distributions might be generated. This suggests that relativistic shear flows can account for efficient in-situ acceleration of energetic electrons and be of relevance for the production of extreme cosmic rays.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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