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arXiv 1909.05413cond-mat.mes-hallastro-ph.IMcond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.supr-conquant-ph
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石墨烯基约瑟夫森结微波测辐射热计

Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer

Gil-Ho Lee, Dmitri K. Efetov, Woochan Jung, Leonardo Ranzani, Evan D. Walsh, Thomas A. Ohki, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Philip Kim, Dirk Englund, Kin Chung Fong

摘要:

灵敏的微波探测器是射电天文学、暗物质轴子研究和超导量子信息科学中的关键仪器。实现更高灵敏度测辐射热的传统策略是纳米制造更小的设备以增强热响应。然而,这一方向越来越难以获得有效的光子耦合,并在具有大表面积与体积比的器件中保持材料特性。在这里,我们将这个概念推进到基于单层石墨烯的最终薄的测辐射热传感器。利用超导体石墨烯微小的电子比热和热导率,研制了一种超导体石墨烯超导体(SGS)约瑟夫森结测辐射热计,该测辐射热计嵌入谐振频率为7.9GHz的微波谐振腔中,耦合效率超过99%.从约瑟夫森开关电流对工作温度、电荷密度、输入功率和频率的依赖关系,我们证明了噪声等效功率(NEP)为7 $\times 10^{-19}$ W/Hz $^{1/2}$,对应于32 GHz的单光子能量分辨率,在0.19 K时达到了本征热涨落的基本极限。

英文摘要:

Sensitive microwave detectors are critical instruments in radioastronomy, dark matter axion searches, and superconducting quantum information science. The conventional strategy towards higher-sensitivity bolometry is to nanofabricate an ever-smaller device to augment the thermal response. However, this direction is increasingly more difficult to obtain efficient photon coupling and maintain the material properties in a device with a large surface-to-volume ratio. Here we advance this concept to an ultimately thin bolometric sensor based on monolayer graphene. To utilize its minute electronic specific heat and thermal conductivity, we develop a superconductor-graphene-superconductor (SGS) Josephson junction bolometer embedded in a microwave resonator of resonant frequency 7.9 GHz with over 99\% coupling efficiency. From the dependence of the Josephson switching current on the operating temperature, charge density, input power, and frequency, we demonstrate a noise equivalent power (NEP) of 7 $\times 10^{-19}$ W/Hz$^{1/2}$, corresponding to an energy resolution of one single photon at 32 GHz and reaching the fundamental limit imposed by intrinsic thermal fluctuation at 0.19 K.

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