arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 1909.04341astro-ph.GA
收藏

模拟无星核中的氘化学:完全加扰与质子跳跃

Modeling deuterium chemistry in starless cores: full scrambling versus proton hop

O. Sipilä, P. Caselli, J. Harju

摘要:

我们构建了两个新的氘和自旋态化学模型,用于模拟无星核和前星核中普遍存在的低温环境。这两种模型之间的根本区别在于对$\rm XH^+ + Y \longrightarrow X + YH^+$形式的离子-分子质子供体反应的处理,该反应允许通过完全扰乱或通过直接质子跳跃进行,即,不考虑质子交换。反应机制的选择影响氘和自旋态化学,在这项工作中,我们的主要兴趣是对氘代氨的影响。我们将新模型应用于无星核心H-MM 1,在那里观察到了几种氘代形式的氨。我们的研究稍微倾向于质子跳跃机制而不是完全扰乱,因为氨D/H比更好地拟合前一个模型,尽管两个模型都不能重现观察到的$\rm NH_2D$邻-对比3(模型预测值为$\sim$ 2)。扩展质子跳跃的情况下,氢原子提取反应产生了一个很好的协议的自旋态丰度比,但大大高估了氨的氘分数。然而,通过将宇宙射线电离率提高到通常采用的$\sim$ $10^{-17}\,\rm s^{-1}$值之上,我们可以找到与该模型观测相当好的一致性。我们还发现,氘馏分的几个其他物种,如$\rm H_2CO$,$\rm H_2O$,和$\rm CH_3$,是敏感的质子捐赠反应机制。无论是完全混乱或质子跳跃机制占主导地位,可能取决于反应系统,和新的实验室和理论研究,各种反应系统需要约束化学模型。

英文摘要:

We constructed two new models for deuterium and spin-state chemistry for the purpose of modeling the low-temperature environment prevailing in starless and pre-stellar cores. The fundamental difference between the two models is in the treatment of ion-molecule proton-donation reactions of the form $\rm XH^+ + Y \longrightarrow X + YH^+$, which are allowed to proceed either via full scrambling or via direct proton hop, i.e., disregarding proton exchange. The choice of the reaction mechanism affects both deuterium and spin-state chemistry, and in this work our main interest is on the effect on deuterated ammonia. We applied the new models to the starless core H-MM1, where several deuterated forms of ammonia have been observed. Our investigation slightly favors the proton hop mechanism over full scrambling because the ammonia D/H ratios are better fit by the former model, although neither model can reproduce the observed $\rm NH_2D$ ortho-to-para ratio of 3 (the models predict a value of $\sim$2). Extending the proton hop scenario to hydrogen atom abstraction reactions yields a good agreement for the spin-state abundance ratios, but greatly overestimates the deuterium fractions of ammonia. However, one can find a reasonably good agreement with the observations with this model by increasing the cosmic-ray ionization rate over the commonly-adopted value of $\sim$$10^{-17}\,\rm s^{-1}$. We also find that the deuterium fractions of several other species, such as $\rm H_2CO$, $\rm H_2O$, and $\rm CH_3$, are sensitive to the adopted proton-donation reaction mechanism. Whether the full scrambling or proton hop mechanism dominates may be dependent on the reacting system, and new laboratory and theoretical studies for various reacting systems are needed to constrain chemical models.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑