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arXiv 1909.02873cs.DC
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使用分布式深度神经网络的大数据智能

Big Data Intelligence Using Distributed Deep Neural Networks

Felix Ongati, Eng. Lawrence Muchemi

AI总结:

本文提出一种分布式深度神经网络训练算法,通过仅共享模型表示而非原始数据,在保护隐私的同时实现多数据源协同训练,并在医疗数据上验证了其性能接近集中式训练。

摘要:

在工业界,训练和部署有用的机器学习模型通常需要大量数据。较小的企业没有条件获得足够的机器学习数据。对于银行、保险和医疗保健等隐私敏感领域,将数据聚合到数据仓库会带来数据安全挑战和有限计算资源的问题。在工业界开发机器学习算法时,这些挑战至关重要。已经有人尝试通过使用分布式学习技术(例如在不同数据存储上的联邦学习)来解决上述挑战,以避免集中式数据聚合的需要。本文提出了一种改进的算法,以分布式方式在多个数据源上安全地训练深度神经网络,从而消除集中聚合数据和共享数据的需要,进而保护隐私。所提出的方法允许在分布式环境中使用来自多个去链接节点的数据训练深度神经网络,并保护训练期间共享的表示。只共享已训练模型的表示(网络架构和权重)。该算法在现有的医疗保健患者数据上进行了评估,并将该实现的性能与在单一集中式架构上训练的常规深度神经网络进行了比较。该算法将为在隐私敏感应用中分布式训练神经网络铺平道路,在这些应用中,原始数据可能无法直接共享,或者将数据集中聚合到数据仓库中不可行。

英文摘要:

Large amount of data is often required to train and deploy useful machine learning models in industry. Smaller enterprises do not have the luxury of accessing enough data for machine learning, For privacy sensitive fields such as banking, insurance and healthcare, aggregating data to a data warehouse poses a challenge of data security and limited computational resources. These challenges are critical when developing machine learning algorithms in industry. Several attempts have been made to address the above challenges by using distributed learning techniques such as federated learning over disparate data stores in order to circumvent the need for centralised data aggregation. This paper proposes an improved algorithm to securely train deep neural networks over several data sources in a distributed way, in order to eliminate the need to centrally aggregate the data and the need to share the data thus preserving privacy. The proposed method allows training of deep neural networks using data from multiple de-linked nodes in a distributed environment and to secure the representation shared during training. Only a representation of the trained models (network architecture and weights) are shared. The algorithm was evaluated on existing healthcare patients data and the performance of this implementation was compared to that of a regular deep neural network trained on a single centralised architecture. This algorithm will pave a way for distributed training of neural networks on privacy sensitive applications where raw data may not be shared directly or centrally aggregating this data in a data warehouse is not feasible.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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