arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1909.02145quant-phcond-mat.stat-mechhep-th
收藏

准可积系统热化慢,但可能是好的加扰器

Quasi-integrable systems are slow to thermalize but may be good scramblers

Tomer Goldfriend, Jorge Kurchan

摘要:

经典的准可积系统的李雅普诺夫时间比遍历时间要短得多--最明显的例子是太阳系--但它们的量子对应系统的情况还不太清楚。作为第一个例子,我们研究的量子李雅普诺夫指数,定义的演变的4点的时间顺序相关器(OTOC),可积系统是弱扰动的外部噪声,已被证明是照明的经典情况下的设置。在类比的经典系统中的切空间,我们推导出一个线性超算子方程,决定OTOC动力学。我们发现:i)在半经典极限下,量子李雅普诺夫指数由经典的李雅普诺夫指数给出:它的尺度为$ε^{1/3}$,$ε^{1/3}$是随机驱动的方差,导致与扩散时间(即$\sim ε^{-1}$)相比,李雅普诺夫时间较短。ii)在高度量子制度的李雅普诺夫不稳定性抑制量子波动,和iii)足够小的扰动的$ε^{1/3}$的依赖性也被抑制-另一个纯粹的量子效应,我们解释。问题的这些基本特征已经存在于被微弱但随机地踢动的转子中。关于混沌的量子极限,我们发现,准可积系统是相对较好的加扰器,在这个意义上,李雅普诺夫指数和$kT/\hbar$之间的比率可以保持有限的在低温$T$。

英文摘要:

Classical quasi-integrable systems are known to have Lyapunov times much shorter than their ergodicity time -- the most clear example being the Solar System -- but the situation for their quantum counterparts is less well understood. As a first example, we examine the quantum Lyapunov exponent, defined by the evolution of the 4-point out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC), of integrable systems which are weakly perturbed by an external noise, a setting that has proven to be illuminating in the classical case. In analogy to the tangent space in classical systems, we derive a linear superoperator equation which dictates the OTOC dynamics. We find that i) in the semi-classical limit the quantum Lyapunov exponent is given by the classical one: it scales as $ε^{1/3}$, with $ε$ being the variance of the random drive, leading to short Lyapunov times compared to the diffusion time (which is $\sim ε^{-1}$). ii) in the highly quantal regime the Lyapunov instability is suppressed by quantum fluctuations, and iii) for sufficiently small perturbations the $ε^{1/3}$ dependence is also suppressed -- another purely quantum effect which we explain. These essential features of the problem are already present in a rotor that is kicked weakly but randomly. Concerning quantum limits on chaos, we find that quasi-integrable systems are relatively good scramblers in the sense that the ratio between the Lyapunov exponent and $kT/\hbar$ may stay finite at a low temperature $T$.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑