滴注、喷射和尖端流
Dripping, jetting and tip streaming
摘要：
流体力学和微流体学团体分别对滴注、喷射和尖端流进行了一定程度的研究，前者侧重于基本方面，而后者侧重于应用。在这里，我们打算从全球角度审查这一领域，考虑并联系问题的两个方面。在第一部分中，我们提出了用于研究基于液滴的微流体中产生的界面流动的理论模型，注意在应用中通常存在的三个元素：粘弹性，电场和表面活性剂。我们回顾了经典的和目前的结果射流的稳定性受这些元素。本文还对射流破碎产生液滴的机理进行了综述，包括该领域的一些最新进展。我们还考虑了相对缺乏的理论研究的出现和稳定的尖端流。在这篇评论的第二部分中，我们专注于轴对称的微流体配置，可以操作滴和喷射模式，无论是在一个直接（标准）的方式或通过尖端流。我们提出了表征这些配置的无量纲参数，缩放定律，允许预测所产生的液滴和气泡的大小，以及那些划定的参数窗口，其中尖端streaming.Special注意力是支付给电喷雾和流动聚焦，两个更经常使用的技术在连续液滴生产微流体。我们的目标是连接本节的主题中描述的实验观察的基本和一般方面的审查的第一部分中描述的。这项工作在结束时提出了一些基本和实际的前景。
英文摘要：
Dripping, jetting and tip streaming have been studied up to a certain point separately by both fluid mechanics and microfluidics communities, the former focusing on fundamental aspects while the latter on applications. Here, we intend to review this field from a global perspective by considering and linking the two sides of the problem. In the first part, we present the theoretical model used to study interfacial flows arising in droplet-based microfluidics, paying attention to three elements commonly present in applications: viscoelasticity, electric fields and surfactants. We review both classical and current results about the stability of jets affected by these elements. Mechanisms leading to the breakup of jets to produce drops are reviewed as well, including some recent advances in this field. We also consider the relatively scarce theoretical studies on the emergence and stability of tip streaming flows. In the second part of this review, we focus on axisymmetric microfluidic configurations which can operate on the dripping and jetting modes either in a direct (standard) way or via tip streaming. We present the dimensionless parameters characterizing these configurations, the scaling laws which allow predicting the size of the resulting droplets and bubbles, as well as those delimiting the parameter windows where tip streaming can be found. Special attention is paid to electrospray and flow focusing, two of the techniques more frequently used in continuous drop production microfluidics. We aim to connect experimental observations described in this section of topics with fundamental and general aspects described in the first part of the review. This work closes with some prospects at both fundamental and practical levels.
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